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Copyright of CBÜ Beden Eğitimi & Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of CBU Beden Egitimi & Spor Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. The personality of the actor, according to various studies, is characterized by increased sensitivity and receptivity, emotional mobility, openness, rich imagination. At the same time, the profession of an actor is associated with a large number of stressful situations related to the instability of professional employment and income, high competition, actors' sensitivity to situations of uncertainty. Taken together, this determines the need to study coping strategies and behaviour of actors in stressful situations Objective. The study focuses on the identification of interrelationships between personality characteristics, coping strategies and reactions to frustration in representatives of the acting profession. Study Participants. The study involved 27 theater and film actors (18 women, 11 men), aged 22 to 57 years. The length of service in the profession ranged from 1 to 35 years. Methods. Techniques of psychodiagnostics were used in the study, including Kettell 16 PF questionnaire, Folkman and Lazarus coping strategies questionnaire adapted by T.L. Kryukova, “Frustration Reactions Test” by S. Rosenzweig. On the basis of correlation analysis, the interrelations of personal characteristics, coping strategies used by respondents and types of behaviour in frustrating situations were revealed. Results. Correlations of types of behaviour in frustrating situations and coping strategies with communicative and emotional properties of personality, as well as with anxiety were revealed. It is shown that emotional sensitivity is positively related to extrapunitive direction of reactions to frustration (r = 0.42, p = 0.05) and negatively related to turning to others to solve the problem (r = –0.53, p = 0.01). The characteristic of “suspiciousness”, peculiar to the study sample, is negatively associated with aggressive self-protective type of stress behaviour (r = –0.47, p = 0.05). Conclusions. The analysis of the set of obtained correlations revealed that specific personality traits: high emotional sensitivity and suspiciousness, determine the actors' behaviour in stress mainly as fixation on the obstacle. Comparison of the results obtained in the study with the data of similar works of previous years allowed to fix the special role of the complex of personality characteristics “suspiciousness” in the context of reactions to stressful situations. The theme of difference in the actors' management of their emotional state in situations of professional activity and everyday life is outlined.

The participation and inclusion of women are vital for the growth and progress of any economy. Literacy in finance is crucial for financial inclusion and facilitates, the usage of formal services in finance and products that enhance the economic opportunities for women. The aim of the study is to examine the effects of personality characteristics on financial inclusion among 250 female employees in the major metropolitan cities of Pakistan. Quantitative approach is employed in the study through a survey questionnaire to gather the data. The sampling technique was purposive which was used to select the women employees, and the PLS-SEM technique was used to analyze the data. The empirical findings of the current study show that financial attitude, behavior, and influence positively impact financial inclusion, which is moderated by digital financial literacy. This study adds value to the existing literature on the factors that affect financial literacy, especially in the context of women in Pakistan, and has important implications for policymakers in the financial sector. The paper proposes measures to enhance women's engagement and inclusion in the financial sector and also provides future directions for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Rehabilitation centers need to evaluate the quality of their services through evaluation of responsiveness. Considering the impact of personality characteristics on the dimensions of people’s lives, this study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the responsiveness status of rehabilitation centers with demographic factors and personality characteristics of their clients in Ahvaz. Subjects and Methods This cross sectional study conducted on 384 people who received rehabilitation services in Ahvaz. The participants filled the world health organization responsiveness questionnaire, Eysenck personality questionnaire and demographic information questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants was 36.17 ± 9.40 years. The score difference in the subscale of respect for people's rights among different types of centers was not statistically significant (p>0.05), but it was significant in the client subscale (p<0.05). The educational status and the type of centers had a significant relationship with both subscales of responsiveness (p<0.05). The personality variables of psychoticism and lying had a significant relationship with the subscale of respect for people's rights (P<0.05). Conclusion Considering the better responsiveness of private centers compared to public and non-governmental public centers, it is necessary to improve the responsiveness of these centers. The relationship of some personality traits and educational status with responsiveness shows that the managers of rehabilitation centers should pay attention in dealing with clients with higher education and psychoticism personality trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Supporting the mental well-being of students through their educational journey is of vital importance. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between metacognition, personality traits, and various factors affecting mental health in a cohort of physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) students. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study involved a self-administered questionnaire (distributed in October to November 2020) that gathered demographic information and included six scales measuring personality characteristics, health literacy, self-management skills, exercise habits (benefits and barriers), cognitive thinking, and cognitive deliberateness and impulsivity. Results: A cohort of 195 PT and OT students participated in the study. The findings revealed significant associations between metacognition and personality, particularly the association between low cognitive self-confidence and high emotional instability. This link suggests that students who struggle with cognitive self-confidence may also experience greater emotional instability, highlighting a need for targeted mental health support. Additionally, health literacy was negatively correlated with anxiety, while metacognition was positively correlated with perceived exercise benefits. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of individualized metacognitive approaches to support students' mental well-being. Interventions should focus on strengthening cognitive self-confidence through methods such as resilience training, cognitive restructuring, and mindfulness practices to help manage emotional instability. Furthermore, promoting physical activity, particularly among female students, and incorporating gender-specific strategies could enhance mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the personality characteristics exhibited by parents of stuttering and nonstuttering children, utilizing the five major personality dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness). Methods: This investigation was executed through a descriptive causal-comparative method. A total of 54 participants were selected as the sample, comprising 27 individuals from the cohort of parents with children who stutter and 27 individuals from the cohort of parents with children who do not stutter. The requisite data were gathered employing the NEO Five-Factor Inventory questionnaire. The hypotheses posited in this investigation were evaluated utilizing multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the SPSS26 statistical software package. Results: The results indicated a statistically significant disparity between parents of stuttering and nonstuttering children across the five major NEO personality factors (p<0.01). Based on the mean differences observed between the two groups, it can be asserted that the personality traits of neuroticism and openness to experience were more pronounced among parents of stuttering children. Conversely, the scores of extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were found to be higher in parents of nonstuttering children (p<0.01). Conclusions: The implications of these findings may prove beneficial in providing guidance to parents of children who stutter and in the formulation of effective interventions aimed at enhancing their mental well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the development of the issue at the theoretical level, the contribution, both from a theoretical and an empirical point of view, wants to solve the questions of using social intelligence, investigating personality characteristics and analyzing Machiavellian manifestations in the field of business. The data from the respondents were obtained using questionnaire methods, where they were gradually processed and analyzed using mathematical-statistical methods at the level of descriptive and inductive statistics, as well as more advanced statistical methods. The aforementioned methods were used to collect data on important sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, as well as social intelligence (this is the MESI questionnaire), as well as selected personality traits (this is the B5 questionnaire) and, of course, Machiavellianism (VYSEDI). Mutual statistical differences were found in selected attributes of social intelligence, as well as attributes of personality characteristics and Machiavellianism in the field of educational level of the respondents, the sphere in which the respondents work, as well as within the family of the respondents. The results can be practically used in preparing future businessmen, placing people in trading positions within the organization, training of businessmen. Based on the presented results, findings and knowledge, as well as their summary and specification of benefits for practical applications, it can be stated that the goal of the contribution has been fulfilled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Healthy eating is becoming more and more popular among society and is reflected in people's eating behaviors and attitudes. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between personality characteristics according to the „Big Five“ model, anxiety, depression and symptoms of orthorexia nervosa. Material and methods: In order to investigate the relationships between orthorexia nervosa, personality characteristics and life satisfaction, a series of questionnaires were used to measure obsessive attitudes towards healthy eating (ORTHO-15; 2005), anxiety as a personality trait (STAI; Spilberger, 1983), a short version of the Big Five Personality Trait Questionnaire (BFI-10; Rammstedt & John, 2007), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS; Zung, 1967), and Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS); Pavot & Diener, 1993). 161 subjects participated in the study (X=32, SD=9.73). Results: The analyses found a differential role of the demographic characteristics gender, age, marital status, dietary compliance and health status on the orthorexia scales. Consistent weak to moderate positive correlations were found between levels of anxiety and depression and all factors of the orthorexia scale, as well as weak negative correlations with levels of life satisfaction. Weak correlations were reported between the personality trait neuroticism and the orthorexia scale. Regression analysis showed predictive value of depression for orthorexic behavior. Conclusion: The present study found positive associations between the relatively new model of disordered eating orthorexia nervosa, depression, anxiety, and neuroticism and a negative association with life satisfaction. The obtained results can be used for screening and diagnosis and applied in programs to improve patterns of eating behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impacts of the Big Five personality traits and propensity to trust on the use and writing of online reviews. Additionally, this study examines how gender moderates these impacts. Results of a survey (n = 840) show that openness to experience and conscientiousness positively influence online review use, while openness to experience and extraversion positively influence online review writing. Moreover, gender moderates the impacts of extraversion, openness to experience, and agreeableness on online review writing, with no moderating effect observed for online review use. Our findings contribute to the electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) literature and offer important practical insights for eWOM platforms.

Prolonged stays in extreme living and working conditions at Antarctic stations can result in both negative psychological manifestations and possible positive, salutogenic effects. The aim of this study was to check an assumption about existing salutogenic outcomes and their personality predictors in expeditioners who participated in year-long expeditions. We examined 62 expeditioners who participated in expeditions to the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station between 1996 and 2021, including 59 men and three women aged 27 to 68 years. We used the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory— Expanded, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and the Professional Hardiness Questionnaire. The majority of expeditioners (55–71%, on various grounds) recorded personal growth following Antarctic deployment, at a level from moderate to high. Based on personality characteristics diagnosed in the abovementioned questionnaires, we created an informative prognostic model explaining 30–45% of the variation in several indicators of expeditioners’ post-expedition growth. The most important predictors of expeditioners’ post-expedition growth were indicators of professional hardiness. Our findings provide additional opportunities to improve psychological evaluation and training for Antarctic expedition personnel.

This study investigates the impacts of the Big Five personality traits and propensity to trust on the use and writing of online reviews. Additionally, this study examines how gender moderates these impacts. Results of a survey (n = 840) show that openness to experience and conscientiousness positively influence online review use, while openness to experience and extraversion positively influence online review writing. Moreover, gender moderates the impacts of extraversion, openness to experience, and agreeableness on online review writing, with no moderating effect observed for online review use. Our findings contribute to the electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) literature and offer important practical insights for eWOM platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Better and higher adaptation of students to the college environment can have a significant impact on the academic performance of individuals and ultimately their academic progress. The purpose of this research is to investigate the personality traits that affect the academic adjustment of dental students in Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022. Material and Methods: This descriptive research was conducted on randomly selected students. Two questionnaires were used: 1: Anderson academic adjustment 2: HEXACO 6-factor model. The questionnaires also contained demographic information such as (age, sex, year of education, marital status). Kruskal-Wallis test was used to investigate the relationship between academic adjustment and subgroups of personality traits, and the role of variable factors was determined by regression analysis. All calculations were done using SPSS software version 26. Results: The average academic adjustment score among 250 participating students was 34.3 ± 2.582. The average score of honesty-humility, excitability, extroversion, pleasantness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness personality traits were obtained as 11.97, 10.19, 13.49, 10.40, 13.55, and 13.85 respectively. There was a positive and significant relationship between personality subgroups, extroversion and conscientiousness with compatibility, and between personality subgroups, excitability and agreeableness, there was an inverse and significant relationship with compatibility (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems, status of academic adjustment for dental students of Tehran Islamic Azad University was suitable Extraverted and dutiful had more academic adjustment and excited and negotiable ones had less adjustments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolonged stays in extreme living and working conditions at Antarctic stations can result in both negative psychological manifestations and possible positive, salutogenic effects. The aim of this study was to check an assumption about existing salutogenic outcomes and their personality predictors in expeditioners who participated in year-long expeditions. We examined 62 expeditioners who participated in expeditions to the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station between 1996 and 2021, including 59 men and three women aged 27 to 68 years. We used the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory--Expanded, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and the Professional Hardiness Questionnaire. The majority of expeditioners (55-71%, on various grounds) recorded personal growth following Antarctic deployment, at a level from moderate to high. Based on personality characteristics diagnosed in the abovementioned questionnaires, we created an informative prognostic model explaining 30-45% of the variation in several indicators of expeditioners' post-expedition growth. The most important predictors of expeditioners' post-expedition growth were indicators of professional hardiness. Our findings provide additional opportunities to improve psychological evaluation and training for Antarctic expedition personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the personality characteristics exhibited by parents of stuttering and nonstuttering children, utilizing the five major personality dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness). Methods: This investigation was executed through a descriptive causal-comparative method. A total of 54 participants were selected as the sample, comprising 27 individuals from the cohort of parents with children who stutter and 27 individuals from the cohort of parents with children who do not stutter. The requisite data were gathered employing the NEO Five-Factor Inventory questionnaire. The hypotheses posited in this investigation were evaluated utilizing multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the SPSS26 statistical software package. Results: The results indicated a statistically significant disparity between parents of stuttering and nonstuttering children across the five major NEO personality factors (p

Abstract Background Poor sleep quality will have adverse effects on physical and mental health, quality of life and other aspects of middle-aged and older adults. Sleep quality is affected by many factors. Whether the sleep quality measures of the participants had changed in the previous or subsequent time period is not easily taken into account. Moreover, there have been no studies on this topic in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. The objective of this study was to mitigate the bias of sleep quality assessment, and analyze the association between personality traits and sleep quality in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Methods The data came from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). A total of 6031 participants aged ≥ 45 years were included in this study. Personality characteristics were evaluated based on the scores of each dimension of Big Five personality traits. Sleep duration and sleep perception were used as indicators to measure sleep quality. Logistic models were used to analyze the relationship between personality traits and sleep duration or sleep perception, respectively. Results 4.5% of the participants had abnormal sleep duration, and 14.4% had a pessimistic sleep perception. Conscientiousness was rated the highest among the personality traits (3.97 ± 0.6). Participants with higher scores for extraversion personality traits had more normal sleep duration (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.93) and more optimistic sleep perception (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76–0.96). Using the Internet and feeling unwell in the past week have a moderating effect on the impact of conscientiousness personality characteristics on sleep duration or sleep perception, respectively (but not overall sleep quality). In addition, participants with a spouse or no recent physical discomfort tended to have a normal sleep duration and a more optimistic sleep perception. Conclusions The higher the score of extraversion personality traits, the better the overall sleep quality of middle-aged and older adults. Having a spouse and feeling unwell were the important factors affecting their sleep quality. Specific personality traits intervention should be carried out for middle-aged and older adults with poor sleep quality to make their personality traits are closer to extraversion. In addition, middle-aged and older adults without spouses should be encouraged to marry or remarry. We will strengthen health management and medical expenditures for middle-aged and older adults.

Background: Extensive job performance factors can be influenced by employees' personality traits. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between personality traits and job performance of health workers. Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 175 health workers were studied. To collect the data, a form including three different questionnaires was used: 1) demographic questionnaire, 2) the standard 240-item NEO Personality Inventory, and 3) Work Performance Questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS software. Findings: No significant relationship was observed between NEO personality traits with job knowledge and job skills (P > 0.05), while being conscientious had a direct and significant effect on job attitude (P = 0.038). Conclusion: Conscientiousness can be a significant predictor of health workers’ job performance.

Orientation: Transformational leadership styles, characterised by vision, ethical behaviour and self-awareness are crucial for institutional change and combating political corruption; yet, the current knowledge on their relationships is limited. Research purpose: The study investigates the influence of political and institutional context, personality traits and leadership behaviours on President Mwanawasa’s anti-corruption campaign in Zambia. Motivation for the study: There is a scarcity of academic research on the complex connections between political leadership, personal characteristics, political institutions and political corruption. Research approach/design and method: This qualitative study utilised purposive sampling; semi-structured interviews with five key informants; and secondary data that were gathered through literature study and documentation analysis. Wilber’s four-quadrant model was used for thematic data analysis. Main findings: The study highlights the importance of transformational leadership, particularly visionary and ethical leadership, in combating political corruption. It emphasises the relationship between values, emotional intelligence and leadership transition, and describes the shift from transactional to transformational leadership by advancing through stages of ego development. Practical/managerial implications: The study emphasises the importance of considering contextual factors when addressing corruption and its implications for political leadership, institutional norms, governance and leadership transitions in public policy and practice. Contribution/value-add: The study enhances understanding of political corruption by utilising a multidimensional analytical approach that considers individual and institutional consciousness domains. It also enhances comprehension of leadership behaviours and personal growth by examining ego development stages and leadership transition.

Copyright of AStA Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

People often make inefficient decisions for themselves and the community (e.g. they underuse medical screenings or vaccines and they do not vote) also because of their individual characteristics, such as their level of avoidance or anxiety. In recent years, governments have successfully applied strategies, called "nudges", to help people maximizing their decisions in several fields; however, the role of individual characteristics has been poorly explored. The present study investigated whether one kind of nudge, the default option (automatic enrolment in a specific plan), can modulate the influence of such individual differences, promoting favourable decisions in different field, such as the medical and civic ones. One hundred and eighty-three participants completed the Trait Anxiety Inventory, the General Decision-Making Styles Inventory and scenarios about health and civic decisions. Participants have hypothetically been enrolled by default or not enrolled in specific plans and had to decide whether adhere or not to the plan proposed. Result showed that the default option drives anxious and avoidant individuals, who usually refuse to make a choice due to their overestimation of negative events' occurrence, to undergo medical screenings and vaccine and to vote more. Nudge confirmed its effectiveness in favouring better decisions among people according to their individual differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Due to the growing popularity of body modifications, dental practitioners are increasingly confronted with oral piercing and its implications. Successful consultation and subsequent change of patient behavior require an understanding of the patient's personality and the deep reasons that explain this self-injurious behavior. This is the first study evaluating personality traits and aspects of body perception in a cohort of adults with oral piercing. Method and materials: Sixty-two individuals with labial and/or tongue piercing completed three validated questionnaires assessing body perception and personality traits (Questionnaire for assessing one's own body; Sensation Seeking Scale; Big Five Inventory Scale). Fisher Exact probability test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to determine differences in frequency data and in psychologic parameters between subgroups. Results: Eighteen single- and 44 multiple-pierced individuals completed the study (53 women, 9 men). The odds for being multiple pierced was significantly higher for tongue than for labial piercing (3.89 and 0.63, respectively; P = .003). In all psychologic parameters measured, the sample showed score distributions within reference norms. However, multiple-pierced individuals displayed a significantly lesser feeling of attractiveness, less self-confidence, and more uncertainty/anxiety towards their body than single-pierced probands (P < .05). Conclusion: Psychologic characteristics of individuals with oral piercing do not fundamentally differ from those of the average population. Therefore, dental practitioners should focus on the medical and dental implications of oral piercing in the counseling of patients who have or intend to have such done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When researchers and clinicians try to identify appropriate and effective ways to improve well-being among different populations, music is often included in interventions or research projects. The existing literature has consistently reported interactions between the effects of personality traits and music listening. However, the interrelations between individual traits and well-being after music listening are still partially unclear. This systematic review, registered on PROSPERO, investigates the relationship between everyday music listening, individual characteristics — operationalized as stable and transient personality traits — and well-being. Articles were searched on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with a final result of 115 records. After eligibility screening, eight studies were included in the review. The results showed that both stable and transient personality traits influence music's effect on well-being. As a result of the scoping review, a theoretical perspective combining the emotional dimension, the principle of emotional congruence, and the dimension of music immersion and well-being was identified. Based on this knowledge, music listening could be systematically introduced into daily routines to improve everyday well-being and prevent or reduce stressful states.

Background: Poor sleep quality will have adverse effects on physical and mental health, quality of life and other aspects of middle-aged and older adults. Sleep quality is affected by many factors. Whether the sleep quality measures of the participants had changed in the previous or subsequent time period is not easily taken into account. Moreover, there have been no studies on this topic in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. The objective of this study was to mitigate the bias of sleep quality assessment, and analyze the association between personality traits and sleep quality in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Methods: The data came from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). A total of 6031 participants aged ≥ 45 years were included in this study. Personality characteristics were evaluated based on the scores of each dimension of Big Five personality traits. Sleep duration and sleep perception were used as indicators to measure sleep quality. Logistic models were used to analyze the relationship between personality traits and sleep duration or sleep perception, respectively. Results: 4.5% of the participants had abnormal sleep duration, and 14.4% had a pessimistic sleep perception. Conscientiousness was rated the highest among the personality traits (3.97 ± 0.6). Participants with higher scores for extraversion personality traits had more normal sleep duration (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.93) and more optimistic sleep perception (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76–0.96). Using the Internet and feeling unwell in the past week have a moderating effect on the impact of conscientiousness personality characteristics on sleep duration or sleep perception, respectively (but not overall sleep quality). In addition, participants with a spouse or no recent physical discomfort tended to have a normal sleep duration and a more optimistic sleep perception. Conclusions: The higher the score of extraversion personality traits, the better the overall sleep quality of middle-aged and older adults. Having a spouse and feeling unwell were the important factors affecting their sleep quality. Specific personality traits intervention should be carried out for middle-aged and older adults with poor sleep quality to make their personality traits are closer to extraversion. In addition, middle-aged and older adults without spouses should be encouraged to marry or remarry. We will strengthen health management and medical expenditures for middle-aged and older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The period between childhood and adulthood is a turbulent time of life (Hollenstein & Lougheed, 2013). While there is a solid body of research on youth social, biological, and psychological development (Sawyer et al., 2018; Steinberg & Morris, 2001), surprisingly little is known about personality processes and individual differences in them during these years. The papers in this Special Issue make important contributions to the current literature in three ways: first, by mapping developmental patterns to broader conceptualizations of personality, including personality pathology, second, by examining predictors and mechanisms in youth personality development, and third, by linking youth personality development to later life outcomes. We hope that the results of these papers will contribute to a more nuanced understanding of adolescent personality development in diverse cultural contexts and stimulate new integrative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value factorization is a popular method for cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning. In this method, agents generally have the same ability and rely only on individual value function to select actions, which is calculated from total environment reward. It ignores the impact of individual characteristics of heterogeneous agents on actions selection, which leads to the lack of pertinence during training and the increase of difficulty in learning effective policies. In order to stimulate individual awareness of heterogeneous agents and improve their learning efficiency and stability, we propose a novel value factorization method based on Personality Characteristics , PCQMIX, which assigns personality characteristics to each agent and takes them as internal rewards to train agents. As a result, PCQMIX can generate heterogeneous agents with specific personality characteristics suitable for specific scenarios. Experiments show that PCQMIX generates agents with stable personality characteristics and outperforms all baselines in multiple scenarios of the StarCraft II micromanagement task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Redemptive self is a part of life narratives in which bad scenes are redeemed with good results or positive emotions. Personality traits in the big-5 model are: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between redemptive self and personality traits with some psychological characteristics including psychological well-being, career adaptability, generativity, and emotional intelligence. Methods: In this study, 57 Iranian adults in the age range of 22-65 years were selected by convenience sampling method and filled in the Life Story Questionnaire, NEO test, Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS), Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB), Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS), and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. Individuals' answers to the questionnaire questions were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression using SPSS software. Findings: Based on the results of the present study, the relationship between the redemptive self and personality traits with each of the psychological characteristics mentioned above was significant. Redemptive self and personality traits had a significant relationship with psychological well-being, career adaptability, generativity, and emotional intelligence and predicted them. Conclusion: Redemptive self and extraversion predicted generativity, neuroticism (negatively) and agreeableness predicted psychological well-being, extroversion predicted career adaptability, and agreeableness predicted emotional intelligence.

This study analyzed data from 328 emotional workers to examine how personality traits and organizational culture affect emotional labor. Extraversion (CR value - 3.078, *** ρ < .001), agreeableness (CR value 2.135, * ρ < .05), and neuroticism (CR value 2.557, * ρ < .05) are significant in surface acts of emotional labor. The results showed that conscientiousness (CR value 1.761) and openness (CR value -0.55) were not significant. In internal behavior, extraversion (CR value 3.771, *** ρ < .001) and openness (CR value 3.216, ** ρ < 0.1) appeared significantly, while agreeableness (CR value -1.42) and conscientiousness (CR value 0.322)), neuroticism (CR value -0.324) was not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effective leadership and the effectiveness of a leader reflect, as the strongest factor, the degree of his transformational approach, which influences the objectively measured performance of the led group. The main goal of the pilot research study was to identify personality and psychophysiological factors that could be monitored in the prevention and elimination of undesirable forms of impulsive behavior in the context of solving difficult situations in real conditions for professional leadership students according to the Big Five theory. The chosen research design made it possible to effectively combine the advantages of a behavioral and personalized approach to the study of impulsivity. The results of the study carried out on the final sample of subjects N=63, aged 21 to 26 years (r=21.7 years; 34.9% women and 65.1% men) are currently being processed. However, it can already be stated that the degree of impulsivity in military leadership students is related to the level of conscientiousness.

Aim: The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the personality characteristics of healthcare workers on their perceptions of organizational support and organizational trust. Method: The population of the research consisted of the employees of the private hospital providing secondary care in three different regions in Istanbul. The convenience sampling method was preferred in the study. The data were collected using the online questionnaire technique. The total number of questionnaires that were evaluated and used in the data analysis is 510. SPSS 23 and AMOS 26 package programs were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression analysis, and structural equation modeling were applied to the data. Findings: The findings obtained with the structural equation analysis showed that the construct validity of the model was provided. The direct causal effect of the personality traits of health workers on their perceptions of organizational support is positive, and the effect level is 0.122; On the other hand, it has been determined that the direct causal effect on organizational trust perceptions is positive, and the effect level is 0.225. Results: According to the results obtained from the regression analysis, it is seen that the high level of extraversion, responsibility, and openness characteristics of health workers positively affected their perceptions of organizational support. Therefore, healthcare professionals who are more extrovert, adaptable, and responsible show higher organizational support and organizational trust. It is suggested that personality traits being compatible with the organization may have a positive effect on outputs such as employee performance, job satisfaction, commitment, and motivation, and the study should be expanded in this direction.

Digital games have become part of the daily life of a large part of the world population, reaching audiences of different ages, genders, and cultures. Games are also becoming an increasingly explored research topic in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), and several studies have sought to deepen the knowledge about players, identifying individual differences. Although the literature is rich in works that typify and classify players, the lack of objective comparisons can make it difficult to adopt such types to support game design or future research. Thus, this research investigates players' taxonomies and typologies regarding their motivations, behavior, and personality characteristics, analyzing how they explore these traits. We conducted a systematic mapping of the literature and analyzed 19 studies that propose or update players' types, observing how they explore the above mentioned traits. The main contribution of this paper is to offer an overview of the identified taxonomies and typologies, comparing them and mapping their attributes and applications. Such knowledge is a tool for designing games and gamified systems and can support game designers to promote engagement and motivation in complementary ways in their games. It also allows researchers and practitioners to compose a multidimensional view of the different players' types.

This study aims to test the effect of individual behavior changes and personality characteristics on employee performance at PT Golden Blossom Sumatra (GBS). The population of this study included 181 employees at PT Golden Blossom Sumatra (GBS), the sample drawn was 108 respondents with a proportional stratified random sampling technique. The data analysis technique used in this study was the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of hypothesis testing prove that there is an effect of individual behavior changes and personality characteristics simultaneously on employee performance at PT Golden Blossom Sumatra (GBS). The results of hypothesis testing prove the significant effect of individual behavior changes on employee performance and the significant influence of personality characteristics on employee performance at PT Golden Blossom Sumatra (GBS). The results of the determination coefficient show that individual behavior changes and personality characteristics can contribute to the performance of employees at PT Golden Blossom Sumatra (GBS), with a significant contribution of 89.5%. Keywords: Individual Behavior Changes; Personality Characteristics; Employee Performance

Background: Severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may lead to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and borderline personality disorder (BPD) tendencies may play a role in this process. Secondary vocational students experience more social, familial and other pressures and are more vulnerable to psychological problems. Thus, we explored the effect of BPD tendencies and subjective well-being (SWB) on NSSI in secondary vocational students with PTSD. Methods: A total of 2,160 Chinese secondary vocational students in Wuhan participated in our cross-sectional investigation. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), criteria for PTSD, NSSI Questionnaire, Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+, subjective well-being scale, and family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve (APGAR) Index were used. We conducted a binary logistic regression model and linear regression analysis. Results: Sex (odds ratio [OR] = 0.354, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.171-0.733), BPD tendencies (OR = 1.192, 95% CI = 1.066-1.333) and SWB (OR = 0.652, 95% CI = 0.516-0.824) were independent factors that predicted NSSI in secondary vocational students with PTSD. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that BPD tendencies were positively correlated with NSSI frequency (r = 0.282, P < 0.01). SWB was negatively correlated with NSSI frequency (r = -0.301, P < 0.01). The linear regression showed that BPD tendencies (β = 0.137, P < 0.05 and β = -0.230, P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with NSSI frequency. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that family functioning was positively correlated with SWB (r = 0.486, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with BPD tendencies (r = -0.296, P < 0.01). Conclusion: In adolescents, PTSD in response to stressful events could lead to NSSI, and BPD tendencies promote the intensity of NSSI, while SWB diminishes its intensity. Improvement in family functioning may actively guide the development of mental health and improve SWB; such steps may constitute interventions to prevent or treat NSSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenotypic diversity relating to some descriptive human features in a complex with the basic personality traits, as well as the possible interactions between them were studied in a sample of 945 individuals. Using a self-reported questionnaire, data were collected about the following descriptive traits: hand dominance (left or right); hair on hand back; hairiness of the middle phalanges, bent little finger and thumb flexibility. The basic characteristics of personality - extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and intellect/imagination - were studied through the Goldberg's "Big-Five factor markers, International Personality Item Pool - IPIP" questionnaire, adapted to the Bulgarian population. The frequencies of the investigated phenotypic groups and statistic relations were calculated by usage of descriptive statistics and SPSS software. Statistically significant variations in the mean values of the personality factors were observed in relation to the descriptive traits studied, as follows: higher levels of conscientiousness and agreeableness in people with right hand dominance (p = 0.025 and 0.05, respectively) and higher levels of emotional stability in people with left hand dominance (p = 0.05); higher levels of emotional stability and lower levels of extraversion in people with hair on hand back (p = 0.012 and 0.06, respectively); higher levels of intellect/imagination in people with hairiness of the middle phalanges (p = 0.00); higher levels of conscientiousness and emotional stability in persons with a straight little finger (p = 0.004 and 0.05). The results of the investigation provide information on phenotypic variability regarding the studied descriptive and behavior characteristics, as well as on the established correlations between them. Future researches in this field would enrich the information concerning the polymorphism in the human populations and the characteristics of their phenotypic profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of personality characteristics on near-term postoperative mental health of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods We included 119 patients with LSCC who underwent surgical treatment. The recent psychological state was assessed by SCL-90, SAS and SDS 5 to 7 days after surgery. The EPQ was used to evaluate the personality characteristics of patients after operation. Multiple linear stepwise regression method was used to analyze the influencing factors of SAS and SDS scores of LSCC patients. Results The postoperative scores of SCL-90, SAS and SDS of LSCC patients were significantly higher than the Chinese norm (P≤0.05). The scores of P scale and N scale in EPQ were higher than the domestic norm (P < 0.01). The scores of somatization, obsessiveness, anxiety, depression, hostility, phobia, paranoia and psychosis were significantly higher than the Chinese norm (P < 0.05). Family income, surgical method, postoperative radiochemotherapy, psychoticism and neuroticism personalities were the influencing factors of postoperative SAS score (P < 0.01). Family income, surgical method, postoperative radiochemotherapy, neurotic personality were the influencing factors of postoperative SDS score (P < 0.01). Conclusion LSCC patients have near-term depression, anxiety and other psychological disorders after operation. In terms of personality, they have psychoticism and neuroticism. Family income, surgical methods, postoperative radiochemotherapy, psychoticism and neuroticism are independent risk factors affecting postoperative SAS and SDS scores.

Research concerned with the personality of entrepreneurs entails an important part of the research into the management of small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurship. This research has added new knowledge about the role of entrepreneurs' personality characteristics, their family entrepreneurial background, and the local supportive entrepreneurial background in entrepreneurial start-up intentions and behaviors. Hypotheses and a model were developed and verified using structural equation modeling and regression analysis considering data from a sample of entrepreneurs and students. This research revealed that several personality and sociological factors can be important for entrepreneurship when it comes to starting a business. The most important were the Big Five personality factors openness, extraversion, and non-agreeableness and, to a smaller extent, emotional stability (non-neuroticism), and conscientiousness. The second-most important group of factors were the specific motivational characteristics entrepreneurial self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and risk-taking propensity. Sociological factors were much less important than psychological elements for establishing business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the personality characteristics of secondary school students from rural and urban areas. The study was conducted to examine whether there are significant differences in the personality characteristics of students from different geographical locations. A total of 300 students from both rural and urban areas were selected as participants for the study. The personality characteristics of the students were assessed using the Big Five Personality Traits Scale. The results of the study indicate that there are significant differences in the personality characteristics of rural and urban secondary school students. The study found that urban students scored higher on traits such as extraversion and openness to experience, while rural students scored higher on traits such as agreeableness and conscientiousness. These findings have important implications for educators and policymakers in terms of understanding the differences in personality characteristics of students from different geographical locations and designing appropriate interventions to support their academic and personal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of violence in schools causes considerable concern in many countries of the world and in our country as well because of the enormous psychological and physical consequences it brings to children and young people. In literature, research can be found even forty years ago, when this phenomenon was defined as aggressive, deliberate, and persistent action carried out by a group or individual against a victim who cannot be easily defended. More recently, violence is not only considered to be physical, but also violence can also be experiences through social networks, which gives us an additional incentive for its further study, all in order to stand in the way of violence and reduce it as much as possible. This paper studies the theoretical and empirical knowledge about some significant factors that contribute to the occurrence of peer violence, such as: family, school environment and personality characteristics of the bully and the victim. At the end, an overview of effective violence prevention programs from different countries in the world is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim To explore the prevalence of nurse‐patient disputes and the influencing factors based on an analysis of patient characteristics. Design A cross‐sectional study. Methods This study used the convenience sampling method. Three self‐designed questionnaires based on clinical experience and literature review were used to collect the current status of nurse‐patient disputes and to assess patients’ humanistic qualities and patients’ recognition of nursing work. The Big Five personality questionnaire was used to assess the five personality traits of patients. Results Of the patients, 9.6% reported having a dispute with nurses. The results of binary logistic regression analysis indicated that patients’ humanistic quality, recognition of nursing work and agreeableness in personality traits had a negative predictive effect on nurse‐patient disputes, while family monthly income and neuroticism in personality traits positively predicted disputes.

Research concerned with the personality of entrepreneurs entails an important part of the research into the management of small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurship. This research has added new knowledge about the role of entrepreneurs’ personality characteristics, their family entrepreneurial background, and the local supportive entrepreneurial background in entrepreneurial start-up intentions and behaviors. Hypotheses and a model were developed and verified using structural equation modeling and regression analysis considering data from a sample of entrepreneurs and students. This research revealed that several personality and sociological factors can be important for entrepreneurship when it comes to starting a business. The most important were the Big Five personality factors openness, extraversion, and non-agreeableness and, to a smaller extent, emotional stability (non-neuroticism), and conscientiousness. The second-most important group of factors were the specific motivational characteristics entrepreneurial self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and risk-taking propensity. Sociological factors were much less important than psychological elements for establishing business.

Entrepreneurship and management have studied various personal characteristics of entrepreneurs along with their sociological background. The findings were mixed, with some establishing that personality characteristics predict entrepreneurial success while others placed more emphasis on sociological factors. In this research, the authors considered both psychological and sociological factors of entrepreneurs in the internationalization and growth of their small and medium-sized enterprises. A new model was developed and empirically verified with the personality and sociological background stimulated internationalization and growth of SMEs and additionally discovered some important personality and sociological factors that influence such internationalization and growth. The results include suggestions for improving the internationalization, growth, and competitiveness of companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although parenting is considered a turning point that reduces non‐normative behaviours, some parents choose to occasionally continue using various drugs. The present study examines the personality and demographic characteristics of these parents by comparing three parent groups: those who do not use at all, those who use only cannabis and those who use other substances. Three self‐report quantitative questionnaires: Demographic, Patterns of use of psychoactive substances and the Big Five Personality traits questionnaire, were administered to 627 parents. The findings show that the proportion of unmarried and secular men is higher in the group of parents who use substances. They also were found to be younger and less educated than the other parent's groups. We examined the parents' personality characteristics using the Big Five model and found that parents who use substances occasionally exhibit higher levels of extraversion and openness to experiences, and lower levels of conscience. The differences found in the characteristics of parents who use cannabis to those who use other substances, indicate the normativeness of cannabis use among parents, and reflect the need for intervention programs among parents who use substances, which may have a great influence on drug use among their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Researchers, theorists, and practitioners have expressed a renewed interest in the longitudinal dynamics of personality characteristics in adulthood, including organic life span trajectories and their amenability to volitional change. However, this research has apparently not yet expanded to include the Dark Triad (psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism), despite approximately 2 decades of research that has thoroughly examined other important issues related to construct validity and interpersonal behavior. We argue that researchers in postsecondary, occupational, and community‐based settings are in a unique position to study the important phenomenon of Dark Triad malleability, as they are less hindered by obstacles in clinical and forensic contexts that have generated largely inconclusive results. In this article, we discuss several examples of methods for evaluating, quantifying, and interpreting Dark Triad malleability, examples of relevant extant training programs, possibilities for developing new programs, and factors that may moderate training efficacy, including Dark Triad levels themselves. Beyond addressing a fundamental question regarding the nature of these traits, the Dark Triad's destructive tendencies suggest that efforts to reduce them would provide myriad societal benefits and could propel Dark Triad research in an important new direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]