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One of the most important goals of foreign language teaching is to enable students to use the target language in everyday situations. Developing lexical competence in foreign language learning can play an important role in achieving this goal. The aim of the present study is to call attention to the importance of teaching collocations in foreign language education. The first part of the paper gives an overview about collocations and collocational competence. In the second part of the paper, I would like to focus on principles of phraseology and foreign language teaching methodology that can be used for teaching collocations in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After outlining the concept of a constructiCon and discussing the relationship of lexicography and constructicography, the focus of this article lies on the CASA ConstruCtiCon project for the English language. The treatment of different types of constructions in CASA|Con is discussed such as argument structure constructions, sentence type constructions, and tense and aspect constructions. In contrast to such constructions at a high level of abstraction a few examples involving a low level of abstraction are being discussed and it is argued that such seemingly unidiomatic constructions constitute an important element of idiomatic language use. Finally, it is shown that the vast majority of constructions are related to lexical material and that thus bringing together what used to be separated into lexical and grammatical phenomena makes a lot of sense not only in terms of linguistic theory but also with respect to works of reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phraseological Units (PUs) in a language often include quotations and the so-called authorial "winged words" ("geflügelte Worte" in Gläser 1986), which have a single known author. These units, by gaining popularity among the members of a community of speakers, take on a life of their own as PUs. This study illustrates how these quotations acquire meanings and uses that do not match those of the original formulation they derive from, which, in turn, sheds light on how linguistic expressions at large reach conventionalization through language change. Bernard Shaw (1856–1950) ranks high among the authors who have contributed most to the English Phrasicon. This study investigates two case studies where quotations by Shaw have made their way into the English language as PUs. These quotations, however, are often used, as we shall see, in a way that differs from the sense they had in their original context. This study analyses how some novel PUs are coined and can help us map the processes of semantic adaptation these PUs undergo as they become conventional. It also provides insights into what constitutes a PU and how their defining characteristics apply in these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a class belonging to phraseology, winged words are characterized above all by the fact they are also used in other contexts as quotations, especially from literary texts (e.g., Grau, teurer Freund, ist alle Theorie from Goethes Faust I), thus acquiring a life of their own. However, they can be referred to the original sources in the consciousness of the language user. Forms of expression from areas other than literary areas, such as movies and television, advertising, etc., are increasingly gaining a comparable status in public language use. The imprinting of these expressions often stems from the fact that winged words are not only or no longer used as quotations but also used as a means of commenting on facts, evaluating them, etc., and at the same time calling up knowledge scenarios that refer to the original context of use as backgrounds for understanding. Over time, new patterns of expression may be established by modifying parts of the original formulation so that – expressed in construction grammar – new situationally adaptable form-meaning pairs can emerge. Based on this "phraseologization mechanism", problematic aspects of phraseology theory are identified and discussed using the example of Das also war des Pudels Kern. Finally, suggestions are made for the conceptual sharpening of the category "winged words". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal phraseology is an essential component of legal language, and thus of legal communication, in both quantitative and qualitative terms. It is also one of the main problems in legal translation since legal phraseological units are determined by law-specific factors, and as such are usually unknown to legal translators, who in most cases are not lawyers. As there are still no aids to support the translation of legal phraseology, legal translators struggle with legal phraseology. This is problematic for interlingual legal communication since certain fixed word combinations induce certain extra-linguistic actions in legal practice, thereby triggering legal consequences. A bad translation can cause the action intended by the sender to be omitted or another action to occur. Therefore, the didactization of legal phraseology for purposes of legal translation is a very important task for phraseodidactics. Since there is still no corresponding phraseodidactic approach, this paper proposes a didactic concept for the translation of legal phraseology to familiarize prospective and practicing legal translators with features of legal phraseology, teach them strategies for translating this phraseology, and show them how to develop tools for translating legal phraseology on its own. The paramount goal of such didactics is to ease the translation of legal phraseology and, ipso facto, improve the quality of interlingual legal communication. With this objective in mind, this article first outlines the most important prerequisites of legal translation and then highlights the features of legal phraseology, characterizing the individual types of legal phraseology by their communicative functions using German legal language as an example. Thereafter, the focus shifts to phraseodidactics, which can provide remedies for legal phraseology translation, analyzing the most important phraseodidactic methods so far proposed by phraseodidacticians. In concluding, the article presents a didactic concept for the translation of legal phraseology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the phraseology of three epistolary formulae—namely, the formula valetudinis initialis (opening health wish formula), the formula of joy, and the καλῶς ποιήσεις formula, in Greco-Egyptian private letters written between the first century bce and third century ce. In particular, we observe that the letter writers make an opening health wish customarily when the letter recipients' position/status is higher or at least equal to the writers—but rarely when the recipients' position/status is lower than the writers. Furthermore, when the opening health wishes were made in expanded and reconfigured forms, they signal intensified courtesy to the recipients. The formula of joy also reinforced the favourable atmosphere when persuasion or request was intended. In this vein, the expanded and reconfigured formula valetudinis initialis used together with the formula of joy in 3 John 2–4 shows that the Elder does not intend to write his letter from the position of a higher authority. Furthermore, in requesting hospitality, he uses the καλῶς ποιήσεις formula, indicating his intention to persuade Gaius, whom he also includes in 'us' (3 John 12). Thus, the epistolary rhetoric of 3 John fits better with a correspondence between partners rather than an exhortation in an institutionalised hierarchy, unlike the case of the Ignatian letters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An emerging body of corpus-based genre analysis studies has examined the connection between different types of formulaic language and rhetorical moves in various genres of academic writing. The current study extends this body of research into the understudied genre of narrative stories and the understudied phraseological unit of lexical collocations. Specifically, we compiled a corpus of narrative stories written by expert writers, extracted a list of frequent collocations from the corpus, developed a rhetorical move framework for narrative stories, examined the distribution of rhetorical stages and moves in the corpus, and explored the connection between collocations and rhetorical moves in the corpus. The findings of our research culminated in an online interface for searching the corpus for collocations and exploring their use in sentences realizing different rhetorical stages and moves in context. We discuss the potential pedagogical value of our findings and the resulting online interface for promoting learner awareness of the connection between linguistic features and rhetorical functions in narrative stories in genre-based pedagogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to shed new light on the understudied classical Hebrew formulaic expression יום / עת צרה , "day/time of distress," by investigating the Hebrew Bible, the Hebrew texts of Ben Sira, and the Dead Sea Scrolls. After describing the formulaic dimension of this phrase and its fixed linguistic and conceptual patterns, it will be argued that the concept of narrowness usually attributed to צרה does not stand out when this lexeme is in collocation with יום / עת. The formulaic expression יום / עת צרה indicates the inner turmoil caused by threats to life. The notion of narrowness may belong to the etymology and meaning potential of צרה , but is insufficient to describe the patchwork of emotional states that assaults on life cause in those who go through the יום / עת צרה. It will also be shown that sometimes the idiomatic expression יום / עת צרה is replaced by cognate phrases that, although semantically similar, are usually used to convey ideas that are not intrinsic to the widely used phrase יום / עת צרה. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most scholars have interpreted Acts 17:28a–c ("for in him we live and move and are") within the context of the Aratus quotation in 17:28e. Yet in doing so, they overlooked the precise meaning of this statement and how it fits within the argument. This article considers the philological aspects and motifs contained in Acts 17:28a–c within their context. Thus, the statement expresses dependence on God by use of the Greek phrase ἔν τινι εἶναι , which appears widely across Greek literature. By taking the evidence from these sources into consideration, it becomes clear that the concise statement of Acts 17:28a–c bundles up various ideas of the Areopagus speech into one thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fundamental purpose of the article is to examine the synchrony-diachrony opposition from the perspective of phraseology. Considerations devoted to this subject involve the processes of the neutralisation of early diminutives and the augmenting of their unmarked word-formative bases, as well as certain words which used to be tautological, and which gradually evolved toward augmentative terms. The text presents constructions which, until today, retained the content of the lexical component but which are currently interpreted on the basis of the modern semantics of the constituent word, e.g. łoże boleści ‘sickbed’, łoże śmiertelne ‘deathbed’, być, znaleźć się między młotem a kowadłem ‘to be, to find oneself between a hammer and an anvil’. One also discusses combinations which saw the modification of their lexical content due to the reversal of the direction of motivation of the words in question, e.g. kupić kota w worze – kupić kota w worku ‘to buy a cat in a bag’, do garnca [czyjego] naględać – zaglądać w cudze garnki/komuś w garnki ‘to look into someone’s pot – to look into strangers’ pots’, z jednej misy jadać – jeść z jednej miski ‘to eat from one bowl’. Separate remarks are devoted to phraseologisms which currently feature a neutral and a marked component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the non-contiguous phraseological profile of Microeconomics research articles, specifically focusing on key lexical frames within the Discussion section. Key lexical frames are non-contiguous recurrent expressions with variable slots unique to specific contexts such as genres or disciplines. The analysis is based on a corpus of Discussion sections from research articles published in four leading Microeconomics journals between 2017 and 2022. Using the KfNgram program, four-word lexical frames were identified and refined according to exclusion criteria. The resulting list of lexical frames was compared with a general corpus, the Corpus of Contemporary American English, yielding 43 four-word key lexical frames unique to Microeconomics. These frames were analysed following the structural classification by Gray and Biber (2013) and the functional taxonomy by Simpson-Vlach and Ellis (2010). Structurally, most key lexical frames were found to be function word frames, while functionally, they primarily served referential functions. The findings reveal significant phraseological variation, encompassing both lexical and grammatical constructions unique to the field of Microeconomics. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of discipline-specific academic writing and have important implications for English for Academic Purposes pedagogy. In particular, this research aims at improving the learners' part-genre awareness and competence. By identifying and analysing key lexical frames, the study provides valuable resources for enhancing the teaching of academic writing in Microeconomics, particularly for non-native English speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review is devoted to the monograph «Lexical metonymy in linguistic and cognitive comprehension» by N.A. Ilyukhina, who examines the problems of using metonymic nomination of objects, processes and persons in various denotative and discursive spheres. The relevance of the issues raised in the monograph is determined by the important role of associative thinking in the process of understanding the reality and complexity of mental connections between referents, which become the objects of metonymic nomination. The review describes the issues that have become the focus of the researcher’s attention, in particular, the typologization of lexical metonymy, substantive and verbal metonymy, metonymic transfer of definitions, metonymy in various denotative and discursive spheres. The problem of the research lies in the complexity of the linguistic representation of the cognitive mechanisms of metonymic transfer, in understanding the mental connections between the part and the whole, due to which their names can replace each other in language and speech. During the research N.A. Ilyukhina used an up-to-date method of linguocognitive analysis. As a result of the conducted fundamental research, N.A. Ilyukhina comes to a number of important conclusions. The most significant and interesting conclusions are about the unified cognitive foundations of the main transfers in the system of language and speech; about the connection of the transfer vector with the structural type of a multi-faceted concept, which contains knowledge about the corresponding referent, nominated or defined by the word; about the most significant role of the cognitive metonymic mechanism in speech activity; about the «ubiquity», universality, versatility and expansion of linguistic metonymy due to its cognitive foundations; about the possibility of using metonymy as a basis for other tropes. The monograph is of considerable interest to researchers dealing with the problems of metonymy, cognitive linguistics, semasiology, and semantics of discourse.

This article contains a comparative analysis of the axiological component in phraseological units with the color name red in Russian and Persian linguistic cultures. Phraseological units with color names are numerous in both languages and represent a microsystem united by the semantics of color, the components of which enter into intralingual and interlingual relationships of full or partial equivalence, synonymy, homonymy, or antonymy. The research objective was to compare figurative meanings of the color component in phraseology of the two different languages on the basis of culture linguistics and axiological analysis. The study provided an insight into the national mentality of the two peoples, which emerged as such under the influence of historical events, climate, religion, traditions, and values. The research material included 53 Russian and 20 Persian phraseological units. Both worldviews demonstrated an axiological component in the idioms with color name red, as well as a binary axiological opposition. In Russian, it demonstrated a positive meaning (66%) whereas in Persian it had a mostly negative meaning (80%). In Russian, the color red had a positive meaning in such categories as beauty; respect, festivity; holiday, fun; especially valuable; oratory; the key thing, the beginning; achievement; response action; embarrassment. Categories with negative meaning included beauty; timidity, shyness; oratory; limit, danger; fire; aggression; response action; shame. In Persian phraseology, positive meaning was detected in such categories as appearance; embarrassment; preserving one’s dignity, appeal. The negative categories included change in complexion; troubles; limit, danger; anger, irritation; duplicity; obstruction; cruelty; bad consequences. In addition, 19% of Russian phraseological units were classified as neutral and belonged to the categories of trade, revolution, and communism. The method of lexical-axiological analysis makes it possible to use the results in teaching general linguistics, Russian, Persian, translation, and comparative typology, as well as in in lexicographic practice.

The study presents the author’s concept of optimizing the linguisticculturological aspect of the lexicographic representation of Russian phraseological units to foreign students. The relevance of the research is due to the linguistic-cultural value of Russian phraseology and the need to improve the techniques of its description in educational dictionaries. The aim of the study is to develop and implement effective methods of increasing the linguisticculturological value of a phraseographic text intended for a foreign student. Textbooks on the Russian language, academic and educational phraseological dictionaries, etymological dictionaries were used as the research material. The material selected for our own phraseographic projects was studied using methods of linguistic-culturological, historical and etymological analysis. At the stage of constructing a lexicographic text, the method of discursive linguisticcultural commenting of phraseological units was used. It is revealed that the linguisticculturological potential of traditional phraseographic sources - the educational etymological and the practical dictionary can significantly increase due to the use of interactive techniques for organizing the text of etymological paraphrase, including creative and analytical tasks that expand the linguistic-cultural horizons of the reader. The types of contextual illustrations that can increase the linguistic-culturological saturation of the traditional educational phraseological dictionary are determined. An innovative linguistic-culturological parameter of the bilingual educational dictionary is the comparative interpretation of images of correlative phraseological units of two languages. The new types of linguistic-culturological phraseographic sources include discursive etymological dictionaries, plot dictionaries in entertaining stories and travelogue dictionaries. All the developed innovative lexicographic techniques are implemented in the dictionaries of the Experimental Lexicographic Laboratory of Pskov University. Examples of relevant dictionary entries are provided.

In the modern world of mass communication and rapid development of information technologies, media article headlines play an important role, performing the functions of attracting attention, interest, informing, and guiding the reader. Creating unique and effective headlines is a key task for authors, as successful headlines not only emotionally impact on the audience but also increase reader activity, promote search engine optimization, and determine the tone and context of the material. The study of phraseological units in the headlines of online publications is relevant due to their ability to convey complex ideas and emotions in a concise form. Phraseological units reflect the linguistic and cultural characteristics of a society; therefore, a comparative analysis of Ukrainian and Polish headlines allows for the identification of specific features and common trends in these cultures. The analysis of the use of phraseological units helps to understand the communicative strategies of journalists and editors, as well as contributes to the development of the theory of media broadcasting and the practice of creating headlines. The use of phraseological units in headlines stimulates innovation in both linguistic research and practical journalism. The purpose of this article is to conduct a linguistic and socio-communicative analysis of the use of phraseological units in the headlines of Ukrainian and Polish electronic media. The study was conducted using contextual, typological, and descriptive methods, as well as discourse analysis and content analysis. The sample consists of materials from Ukrainian and Polish electronic publications, which made it possible to identify common and distinctive features in the use of phraseological units. The results of the study demonstrate examples of headlines with phraseological models such as «verb + noun in an indirect case + adverbial modifier», «verb + preposition + noun», and others. Phraseological units in article headlines are a powerful tool that significantly affects readers’ perception of the material, demonstrating the richness of linguistic culture and the importance of emotional context in communication.

An adjectival simile is an established phraseological unit with a standardised form (blind as a bat). It is perhaps for this reason that it has not been attracting much attention, and most studies on similes focus on verbal similes. This study reports a significant diachronic shift in the usage of adjectival similes, identified by comparing a lexicographic sample with one from a corpus. Analysing corpus data, we collected a representative sample of 309 adjectival similes in English, which further served for the compilation of a “simile minimum” of 60 types. Both corpus samples were then contrasted with lexicographic lists from a dictionary of idioms: English Idioms and How to Use Them (Seidl & McMordie, 1978; 1988). The comparison shows that the lexicographic minimum (65 types) overlaps with that from the corpus by just one-third and the whole representative list (166 types) only by one-fifth. The significant disproportion can be explained as a shift in linguistic reality but also as a result of the dictionary authors’ idiolects or homogeneity of their data. These findings can serve for textbook and reference manual authors as a warning against relying too much on their own linguistic intuition.

The concept of 'snowclones' has gained interest in recent research on linguistic creativity and in studies of extravagance and expressiveness in language. However, no clear criteria for identifying snowclones have yet been established, and detailed corpus-based investigations of the phenomenon are still lacking. This paper addresses this research gap in a twofold way. On the one hand, we develop an operational definition of snowclones, arguing that three criteria are decisive: (i) the existence of a lexically fixed source construction; (ii) partial productivity; (iii) 'extravagant' formal and/or functional characteristics. On the other hand, we offer an empirical investigation of two patterns that have often been mentioned as examples of snowclones in the previous literature, namely [ the mother of all X] and [X BE the new Y]. We use collostructional analysis and distributional semantics to explore the partial productivity of both patterns' slot fillers. In sum, we argue that the concept of snowclones, if properly defined, can contribute substantially to our understanding of creative language use, especially regarding the question of how social, cultural, and interpersonal factors influence the choice of more or less salient linguistic constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore the role of Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE) proverbs in language contact settings and their impact on the development of idiomatic phraseology in Nigerian English (NgE). In a set of 100 NPE proverbs, we identified lexical keywords that served as anchors for searches in the large‐scale Nairaland corpus to detect recurrent collocational patterns that in further proximity searches yielded frequent, lexico‐grammatically variable patterns that may be interpreted as innovations at the early stages of idiom formation. The findings suggest that cognitively motivated key lexical items of NPE proverbs may serve as a basis for the formation of variable but also lexico‐grammatically more condensed idiomatic expressions in NgE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the collocations produced by a set of fictive motion verbs found in a specialized corpus representing the language of adventure tourism. Since our ultimate aim is to contribute to the characterization of this specialized language, we defined two specific objectives: (1) to analyze the motion verbs and their meanings extracted from the Advencor corpus, and (2) to identify the collocates of these verbs as well as the semantic roles they express. After the application of our methodology, eight motion verbs produced 35 collocations satisfying all the established criteria. The results focus on different aspects: (1) the verbs convey distinct meanings, such as motion on a vertical axis or direction towards a destination; (2) the most recurrent combination is noun + verb, where the former describes the inanimate entity that seems to perform motion; (3) collocation production and collocation strength are not correlated; and (4) the collocates accompanying the verbs under analysis shed light on the argument structure of these verbs, for they represent one of the participants. In conclusion, this work provides relevant information about the phraseology of fictive motion verbs in the language of adventure tourism and proves the specialization of this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number seven is, since ancient Eastern cultures, the one that most clearly expresses philosophical, religious, astrological and Kabbalistic symbolism. It is considered the symbol of value and balance. This paper aims to reconstruct the vicissitudes of the phraseology underlying the number seven in Italian and its dialects [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two terms oriolo (with his variations oriuolo, orivolo) and orologio are two variants used in diachrony to indicate the same referent (the instrument used to measure time and hours). Oriolo was a form that initially spread from Tuscan use, while orologio instead established itself during the nineteenth century and, above all, the twentieth century. Both lexemes have created idiomatic expressions and proverbs: the forms that were formed on oriolo are more attested in literature and more recorded in historical lexicography and Tuscan usage; expressions constructed on clock are not particularly attested in lexicography. The behavior of the two lexemes in the formation of idiomatic expressions is, therefore, partly contrary to the diffusion experienced by the two lexemes, which has allowed clock to always be the most widespread word of the two, compared to oriole which is the most attested. The contribution therefore aims to show the idiomatic expressions created on the two lexemes under study, and observe the dynamics of behavior in the diffusion of the forms and in their attestation in historical lexicography, in Tuscan use and in contemporary use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine, in the context of various types of idiomatic phrases and proverbs of Promessi sposi (1840-1842), the so-called somatic idioms, in particular those that contain lexemes referring to parts or organs of human anatomy. Examples are given, especially, of two categories of somatic idioms: first of all, those that have little attestation in the literary tradition prior to the novel, and of which vocabularies identify as the first example the Promessi sposi. Secondly, are analysed some of those found by the Author in vocabularies and writers, as documented in Manzoni's marginalia and linguistic works. The arguments given can help reveal Manzoni's idea of an Italian language formed with the common background of all dialects and prove that his novel convey the expressions examined in the current Italian phraseology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the presence of phraseological expressions in Alfredo Panzini's Dizionario Moderno, considering the first edition (1905) and the last edition edited by the author (1935). The rich phraseological variety of the dictionary reveals itself in various aspects: spoken and dialectal language, literary quotations, co-presence of various modern and ancient languages, specialist languages in their relationship with the common language. In the last paragraph, the essay analyses the role of phraseology in the light of Panzini's linguistic ideas: according to the author, phraseological expressions are a vital and fundamental element of every language. Their presence in the Dizionario Moderno thus shows Panzini's attention to the evolution of the Italian language in the first decades of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polyrhematic male d'arcu corresponds to the evil of the rainbow. It belongs to the class of nominal and prepositional polyrhematic expressions. This work examines the main features of same diseases names' in the Salento dialect; also this paper presents the results of a short comparison between the complex words male d'arcu, male de Santu Dunatu/Tunatu and focu/fuecu de Sant'Antoni. In conclusion, we will study how the use of polyrhematics responds to a dramatic attempt to deal with the experience of pain or illness, in a way that is as acceptable as possible, so if we dedicate ourselves to the saint in question we can it alleviate our disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, which is part of the field of studies on Roman dialectal and regional phraseology, analyzes the idiomatic expression tre ppigne e 'na tenaja and its variant tre ppinze e 'na tenaja. This phraseological unit is documented in the 19th century: it is found in a roman poem of G.G. Belli (L'arma de Papa Grigorio, 1836). The aim is to reconstruct the history of this phraseologism and relate it to other expressions of the same semantic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From folk tales to literature, from mythology to animated films, and generally in the collective thought, the donkey has at times represented the symbolic animal of obstinacy, at other times of ignorance, and stupidity. Less frequently, it has been portrayed as indispensable, for example, when it becomes a symbol of patience and tireless. Numerous phraseological expressions and proverbial idioms related metaphorically to its physicality, behaviors, ways of acting, and work have crystallized over time in both Italian language and Sicilian dialect, and today they are fully integrated into daily linguistic uses. Starting from an analysis of the lexical elements it. asino / sic. sceccu, some classificatory considerations are proposed regarding the semantic value of 'donkey' in the idiomatic uses. It's studied inside a sample of phraseological and paremiological units that express characteristic and behavioral traits of the animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there are not comprehensive studies on the idioms used by Pier Paolo Pasolini in his vast literary and non-fiction production. There is only one essay, although rich in data and starting points, on a proverb cited in an article published in the weekly «Il mondo» in 1975 (Rondinelli 2017). This paper, therefore, essentially has three objectives: 1) to trace the idioms used by the Emilian writer, also referring to other interesting phraseology for the purposes of the research; 2) to provide information on the identified idioms, retracing the most significant elements of their history; 3) to identify the clues that explain their use in Pasolini. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on some aspects of quotations and pseudo-quotations appearing in memes. The intersection between memes and quotations or snowclones represents an interesting linguistic element, especially from the point of view of the diffusion of phraseology or of single syntagmas in Italian. It is also a fundamental element to understand some cultural dynamics of cultural communication through the social media and the web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Italian language and in languages of the world, Rome is synonymous with power, eternal beauty, religious passion. The phraseology and proverbs linked to the capital of Italy retrace the phases of its ancient era, the imperial one, in which the city was a conqueror of Eurasia and the homeland of law. The phraseology and proverbs reflect the many images of a city that has a long and singular destiny and which, a few centuries after its foundation, immediately became a symbol of secular power, and immediately afterwards also of religious power. In its legendary history, the toponym Roma has forcefully entered the idioms, used to create metaphors that explain reality, to highlight the relationship between absolute power and subjects, without mentioning the ramifications of intrigues and injustices that have arisen from it. The research aims to analyze the most famous sayings and proverbs concerning the capital, as well as those that we considered most interesting from a historical and historical-linguistic point of view, dividing them into three categories: those linked to political power, those concerning the Pope and the Santa Sede and those whose protagonists are the Romans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into the etymologies of higher lexical units is still relatively recent. The recent blooming of phraseological projects and the current abundance of and easy access to historical documentation make a close examination of the origin and history of some of these elements timely. Based on some examples, the close relationship between French and Italian phraseology is illustrated here, proposing among other things three hypotheses of borrowing from the former language to the latter: figlio or figlia di papà 'young man who is aided excessively in life and career by his father's prestige and wealth', literally 'father's son/daughter', girarsi or rigirarsi i pollici 'stay idle, inactive', literally 'to twiddle one's thumbs', mettere alla porta 'to dismiss, to send away, to kick out', literally 'to put someone at the door'. In other cases (a tentoni ~ à tâtons 'blundering, fumbling', adagio Biagio ~ à l'aise Blaise 'expression that calls for caution') the kinship between Italian and French expression is evident but it is difficult (or conceivably impossible) to reconstruct whether this is a transfer from one language to another and in which direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article is an attempt to develop in-depth ideas about the value of 'health' in the phraseology of the English language. Health is positioned as an important fragment of the value picture of the English world, which is reflected in the corresponding phraseological units of English with health / illness semantics. The study is the first to carry out a thematic and ideographic modelling of the value of 'health' in English phraseology based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the fact that for the first time the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (hereinafter referred to as ICF) has been used for the linguistic study of the value of 'health' (based on the material of English phraseology). The ICF is a multi-purpose classification intended for interdisciplinary use and aims to: a) provide a scientific basis for understanding and studying health and health-related conditions, their consequences and determinants; b) introduce a common language for describing health and health-related conditions in order to improve mutual understanding between different users (e.g, health and social care workers, researchers, administrators and the public, etc.); c) ensuring the possibility of comparing information data from different countries, areas of health care, etc.); d) developing a systematic coding scheme for health information systems. It is important to note that the unit of classification is a category in health domains (e.g., vision, hearing, walking, learning and remembering, etc.) and health-related domains (e.g., transportation, education and social interaction, etc.). The ICF describes an individual's situation within a number of health and health-related domains, based on the context of environmental and personal factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RILEX Revista Sobre Investigaciones Léxicas is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Method study is conducted to simplify the work or working methods and must go towards higher productivity. It is always desirable to perform the required function with the desired goal of minimum consumption of resources. Does method signify how a work is to be done i. e. the study of concepts is one of the most important issues of modern linguistics? Most scientists agree on the definition, where the concept is perceived as a mental unit that reflects the phenomena of reality, depending on the specific native speaker. There are several points of view on the problem of studying concepts. This article discusses the most important ways to explore the concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Germanoslavica - Zeitschrift für Germanoslawische Studien is the property of Slovansky ustav AV CR, v.v.i. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research on regiolects commonly concentrates on phenomena of traditional dialectology. In his talk at the 6th IGDD congress in September 2018 Michael Elmentaler whatsoever plead to rather focus on characteristics of regiolects by themselves. As a scientific approach he mentioned regional phraseology. The following research project now focuses on the regional distribution of phrasemes and tries to find out whether participants are aware of these and which influence age has. Therefore 26 phrasemes, based on the Rheinisches Mitmachwörterbuch, an interactive online tool of the LVR-Institut für Landeskunde und Regionalgeschichte (ILR), that are not codified or coded „landschaftlich rheinisch/westmitteldeutsch“ in relevant lexicons are presented to participants. They then rated whether they knew and used these phrasemes or whether they were unknown to them. Moreover, participants were able to fill in variants of the idioms in question. First results from the study concerning awareness and age will be presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The interpretation of prescription No 5 of the Old Church Slavic Folia medicinalia crucially depends on the reading of the two phrasemes otročęmь xoditъ and ne puštaetъ sę kry. In this paper, we present hitherto unnoticed evidence from East and West Slavic that confirms the earlier reading of otročęmь xoditъ as 'is pregnant'. As for the second phraseme, we explore both a middle ('blood does not release') and a passive reading ('blood is not let'). Invoking philological evidence from ancient and medieval sources, we conclude that both readings allow for plausible interpretations. We suggest that regardless of whether the middle or the passive reading is preferred, the purpose of prescription No 5 can be identified with providing cleansing of the female body during pregnancy. Finally, we discuss the ingredients occurring in the prescription. We conclude that existing identifications of the phytonym *osъtъ are problematic and suggest that the characteristics of the plant described in the prescriptions as well as the adjective attribute velikъi could provide clues for identifying it in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phraseology has been flourishing in the field of English writing studies in recent years. However, the focus has primarily been on items with less variability, such as ngrams or lexical bundles. To address this gap, this study investigates concgrams (Cheng et al., 2006), which encompass both constituency and positional variations, in advanced General English Proficiency Test (GEPT) writings. One hundred compositions from the GEPT were divided into two proficiency groups based on their scores and analyzed using the corpus tool ConcGram 1.0. The phraseological characteristics of concgrams are explored from four perspectives: frequency, type-token ratios (TTRs), word associations, and configuration. The goal is to determine the relevance of the use of concgrams to writing evaluation. The results indicate that TTRs and configuration play minor roles, while frequency and word associations appear to be more relevant to excellent writing. This study highlights the importance of including more variable phraseological units and provides a new approach to investigating the presence of phraseological units in greater depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present volume "Language Contrast and Multilingualism" contains contributions that were presented as part of a lecture series at the University of Duisburg/Essen. The topics revolve around multilingualism and the role of linguistic comparison in the field of German as a foreign and second language. The volume is intended to be used in teacher training programs. The contributions address various aspects, including language contact resulting from migration and contact with Romance languages. Methodological problems related to the inclusion of heritage languages in German language instruction and the importance of phraseology are also discussed. Other topics include language typology, multilingualism among students studying German, and the temporal system in Bulgarian. Conceptual designs for Romanian didactics and a communicative-oriented German as a foreign language instruction are also presented. The volume provides extensive bibliographies and can be useful for specific questions regarding multilingualism didactics. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Novitas-ROYAL is the property of Novitas Royal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prace Jezykoznawcze is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prace Jezykoznawcze is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Teorija in Praksa is the property of Teorija in Praksa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)