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Cilj diplomske naloge je načrtovanje in izdelava cenovno ugodnega programirljivega logičnega krmilnika (PLK), ki omogoča enostavno delo in programiranje uporabnikom, ki nimajo veliko izkušenj na tem področju. Zasnovan je na platformi ESP32 in je dovolj splošen, da ga lahko uporabimo za veliko različnih namenov. Posamezne komponente in naprave lahko za krmiljenje priključimo na enega izmed 16 relejnih izhodov, tipala pa na enega izmed 8 vhodov. Ob morebitni izgubi napajanja, se podatki ohranijo na bliskovnemu pomnilniku v mikrokrmilniku ESP32. Na uporabniku prijazen način lahko krmilnik programiramo tako, da nastavimo stanja, pogoje za prehode med njimi in ustrezne funkcije programirljivih gumbov na ohišju. Krmilnik podpira tudi več načinov delovanja oziroma krmilnih algoritmov, med katerimi lahko izberemo tistega, ki je trenutno aktiven. Tako lahko krmilnik vnaprej sprogramiramo za različne situacije. Vse nastavitve krmilnika lahko spreminjamo preko uporabniškega vmesnika na zaslonu ali preko lokalne spletne strani v krmilniku. Delovanje krmilnika smo najprej preizkusili z vidika uporabniške izkušnje in potem še v situaciji krmiljenja čistilne naprave za ribnik. Iz obeh preizkusov smo ugotovili, da krmilnik deluje v skladu z zadanimi zahtevami in cilji ter lahko enakovredno nadomesti obstoječi sistem. The goal of the thesis is to design and build a low-cost PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) controller that is easy to work with and easy to program for users who do not have much experience in this field. It is designed on the ESP32 platform and is general enough to be used for many different purposes. Individual components and devices can be connected to one of the 16 relay outputs for control and sensors to one of the 8 inputs. In the event of a power loss, the data is retained in flash memory in the ESP32 microcontroller. The controller can be programmed in a user-friendly way by setting the states, the conditions for transitions between them, and the corresponding functions of the programmable buttons located on the housing. The controller also supports several modes of operation or control algorithms, from which only one can be selected and active. In this way, the PLC can be pre-programmed for different situations. All controller settings can be changed via the on-screen user interface or via a local web page hosted on the controller. We first tested the controller’s performance in terms of user experience and then in the situation of controlling a pond treatment plant. From both tests, we found that the controller works according to the requirements and objectives and can equivalently replace the existing system.

Koncept pametne hiše se nanaša na oddaljeno upravljanje in nadzor različnih naprav v hiši s pomočjo omrežnih ali mobilinih naprav. Pri tem je ključen preprost grafični uporabniški vmesnik, ki mora biti prilagojen potrebam uporabnika. V diplomskem delu predstavite izdelavo spletne aplikacije za upravljanje in nadzor konkretne pametne hiše, ki predstavlja primer takega vmesnika. V okviru tega najprej predstavite ozadje, uporabljene tehnologije ter že realiziran strojni del pametne hiše. Pri zasnovi rešitve izhajajte iz specifičnih zahtev uporabnika. Predstavite njen razvoj in uporabo, na koncu pa kratko analizirajte opravljeno delo. The concept of the smart home is focused on the distance management and control of a house using the web or mobile devices. The crucial part of it is a simple graphical user interface based on specific user requirements. The diploma thesis presents the development of a web application for smart home management and control, which is an example of such a user interface. First, describe the context, used technologies, and already realized hardware solution of a specific smart home. The design of the solution is based on specific user requirements. Then, present its development and use. Finally, analyze shortly the completed work.

Даний дипломний проєкт містить 68 сторінок, 43 ілюстрації, 5 таблиць, 19 джерел посилань та графічну частину: 7 креслень (А3 – 5 шт. А2 – 1 шт. А1 – 1 шт.) + специфікацію – 1 шт. (2 сторінки А4). Мета проєкту: розробка типового технічного рішення гідроприводу з програмованим керуванням і регулюванням швидкості, що може бути використано для потреб машинобудування, деревообробки або металургії. Використані методи розробки та проектування: аналітичні, математичні розрахунки, проектування із використанням нарисної геометрії, застосування комп’ютерних програм та мови програмування. Отримані результати: в наслідок виконаної роботи була отримана можлива для виготовлення та монтажу система керування гідроприводами, яка може бути використана для проведення виробничих технічних операцій. Thіs diploma project contains 68 pages, 43 illustrations, 5 tables, 19 source links and graphic part: 7 drawings (A3 – 5, A2 – 1, A1 – 1) + 1 specification (2 A4 pages). The purpose of the project: development of a standard technical solution for hydraulic drive with programmable control and velocity regulation, which can be used for the needs of mechanical engineering, woodworking or metallurgy. Used methods of development and design: analytical, mathematical calculations, design using descriptive geometry, the use of computer programs and programming languages. Obtained results: as a result of performed work, a possible for manufacturing and installation hydraulic drives control system was obtained, which can be used for carrying out productional technical operations.

Tuljava predstavlja enega izmed ključnih sestavnih delov elektromagnetnega ventila. V okoljih, kjer je zaradi vnetljivih snovi v zraku povečana nevarnost eksplozije, se sme uporabljati le opremo, ki je izdelana v protieksplozijski zaščiti. V kolikor se v takem okolju uporablja elektromagnetni ventil, mora imeti ta nameščeno tuljavo v protieksplozijski zaščiti. Taka tuljava je izdelana po strogih kriterijih in standardih, ki jih je potrebno skozi proizvodnjo dosledno upoštevati. Po končani izdelavi tuljave v protieksplozijski zaščiti je potrebna končna kontrola delovanja tuljave, ki obsega tudi preizkus električne prebojne trdnosti. Izvedba omenjenega preizkusa je natančno določena s standardom ter zahteva veliko časa in previdnosti kontrolorja. V magistrski nalogi smo se osredotočali na avtomatizacijo procesa končne kontrole tuljav v protieksplozijski zaščiti. Pozornost smo usmerili na razvoj in izdelavo naprave za kontrolo električne prebojne trdnosti in meritev električnega toka skozi tuljavo. Glede na zahteve smo zasnovali več možnih konceptov izvedbe in nato razvili ustrezno konstrukcijo. Krmiljenje smo izvedli s PLK krmilnikom Siemens S7-1200. Za implementacijo zahtevanih meritev smo razvili tiskano vezje z visokonapetostnimi relejskimi stikali in tokovnim senzorjem. Napravo smo izdelali v celoti in ovrednotili njeno delovanje in uporabnost. An electromagnetic coil is one of the key elements of a solenoid valve. In the environments, where due to the flamable atmosphere, there is an increased risk of explosion, only explosion proof equipment can be used. If there is a solenoid valve used in such an environment, it should be equiped with the explosion proof coil, that must be produced in accordance with the standards. After the production of an explosion proof coil, the final control procedure must be performed. The procedure, that includes the dielectric strength test, is described in the standards, and requires a lot of time and attention of the operator. Within the scope of this master thesis it is necessary to automate the dielectric strength monitoring process of coils in explosion proof protection. The goal of the thesis is the development and production of a machine, that could perform the control procedure using a PLC controller. In the beginning it was essential to study the final control procedure and make some research on automatization possibilities. Furthermore, it was required to develop a concept and make a prototype of the machine. The machine functions should be realized using a program code written in TIA Portal software. In the end it was required to evaluate the new – automated monitoring process and compare the results with the previous manual procedure.

Sodobna industrija zahteva čim večjo uporabo digitalizacije vseh procesov, pametnih montažnih mest in upravljanje procesov na daljavo. Nekateri procesi pokrivajo zelo velika območja, hkrati pa so oddaljeni tudi na tisoče kilometrov. V zadnjih desetletjih se je razvila metoda za spremljanje in nadzor takšnih procesov, imenovana SCADA. Diplomska naloga obravnava upravljanje gibanja manipulatorja s pomočjo programirljivega logičnega krmilnika. Za praktični primer smo vzeli strego izdelka med dvema lokacija po principu primi in spusti. Glavni del naloge predstavlja vzpostavitev povezave med grafičnim vmesnikom manipulatorja preko katerega spremljamo proces na mestu samem in programom mySCADA, ki je namenjen spremljanju in nadzoru manipulatorja na daljavo. Za uspešno izvedbo praktičnega dela je bil uporabljen programirljivi logični krmilnik Siemens S7 1200, zaslon grafičnega vmesnika KTP 400 in programa TIA Portal ter mySCADA. Modern industry requires the maximum use of digitisation of all processes, smart assembly points and remote process management. Some processes cover very large areas and are thousands of kilometres away. In recent decades, a method for monitoring and controlling such processes, called SCADA, has been developed. This thesis deals with the control of manipulator motion by means of a programmable logic controller. As a practical example, we have taken the movement of a product between two locations according to the principle pick and place. The main part of the thesis is the connection between the graphical interface of the manipulator, through which the process is monitored on site, and mySCADA, which is designed to monitor and control the manipulator remotely. The Siemens S7 1200 programmable logic controller, the KTP 400 graphical interface display and the TIA Portal and mySCADA software were used to successfully complete the practical work.

Diplomsko delo predstavlja primer izvedbe avtomatizacije hidravličnega sistema dvigala. Pri projektu je bilo treba na novo dimenzionirati vodenje dvigala ter zagotoviti popolno avtomatizacijo in varnost obratovanja, ki sledita varnostnim pravilnikom Republike Slovenije. Za realizacijo avtomatizacije je bil uporabljen programirljivi logični krmilnik (PLK). Za želeno delovanje dvigala je bilo treba vključiti 24 vhodov in 17 izhodov PLK-ja. Celotna logika je bila realizirana v lestvičnem diagramu in v trenutni fazi preverjena s simulatorjem, ki je potrdil uspešnost realizacije. Hkrati diplomsko delo predstavlja tudi teorijo za uspešno realizacijo vodenja in avtomatizacije. Glavni rezultati diplomskega dela so celostna izvedba projekta, natančna realizacija lestvičnega programa in združevanje različnih sistemov v končni modul, ki je pripravljen za vgradnjo in implementacijo. This diploma thesis presents an example of hydraulic elevator system automation. The main goal of the project was to develop appropriate elevator control, assure overall system automation and to conform with the safety regulations prescribed by the Republic of Slovenia. The system is controlled by PLC controller, which uses 24 inputs and 17 outputs. PLC logic is designed in ladder diagram and at the time of writting tested with simulator, which confirmed suitability of the developed program. Furthermore, the diploma also explains the theory of implementing and comissioning the developed automation system. The main results of the thesis are a design of elevator control system, correct design of the ladder logic, establishment of communications between different systems and development of a newly designed module, which is ready for implementation to a real system.

More and more control systems are based on industry microprocessors like PLC controllers (Programmable Logic Controller). The most commonly used control algorithm is PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) algorithm. Autotuning procedure is not available in every PLC. These controllers are typically used in cooperation with HMI (Human Machine Interface) devices. In the study two procedures of autotuning of the PID controller were implemented in the HMI device: step method and relay method. Six tuning rules for step methods and one for relay method were chosen. The autotuning procedures on simulated controlled object and PLC controller without build-in autotuning were tested. The object of control was first order system plus time delay.

Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti izvedbo krmiljenja in regulacije industrijske plinske peči za termično obdelavo kovinskih valjev. Opisano je načrtovanje in izvedba krmilja, problematika programiranja krmilnika in operaterskega panela. Ogrevanje peči je izvedeno s plinskimi gorilniki, ki delujejo v impulznem režimu, kar zagotavlja homogeno in ravnomerno temperaturo v peči. Posebna pozornost je namenjena predgrevanju zraka za gorilnike, ki se ogreva s pomočjo rekuperacije dimnih plinov. Predstavljeni rezultati meritev na realni peči dokazujejo, da lahko s pravilno izbranimi načini vodenja dosežemo želeno točnost temperature v peči v vseh fazah termične obdelave in maksimalno temperaturo zraka za gorilnike. Slednje rezultira v višji kakovosti izdelkov, prihranku časa in energije. The thesis describes implementation of solution and control of industrial furnace for thermal processing and heat treatment of metal rolls. It presents planning and control implementation, the issue of programming the controller and operating panel. Temperature heating is conducted with gas burners operating in pulse mode, which enables homogeneous and constant temperature in the furnace. Special attention is paid to preheating air for burners, which is warmed by recuperation of exhaust gases. The results have shown that we can achieve desired accuracy of the temperature in the furnace at all stages of thermal processing and maximum air temperature for the burners with highly chosen selected control. This results in higher quality of products, saved time and energy.

V podjetju ETI Elektroelement, d. d., programska enota tehnična keramika steatit, se je pokazala potreba po novi napravi za zlaganje stiskancev. V prvem koraku je bilo treba predvideti pot stiskancev, nato je bila ocenjena velikost potrebnega delovnega prostora za zlaganje in čiščenje stiskancev, temu pa je sledila ocena velikosti naprave in konstruiranje s programom PTC Creo. Izbrati je bilo treba materiale in elemente, pri čemer so bile v veliko pomoč ţe obstoječe zlagalne naprave. Po izdelavi nosilnega okvirja in namestitvi nosilne plošče je sledilo nameščanje pnevmatskih elementov po pnevmatski shemi, narejeni s programom Festo FluidDraw, ter senzorjev, stikal in električne omarice po električnem načrtu, narejenem s programom Altium Designer. Uporabniški program za krmilnik PLC je bil napisan v razvojnem okolju TIA Portal. Med obratovanjem v proizvodnji se je pokazala pomanjkljivost, ki je bila odstranjena z manjšo dodelavo naprave. Na robovih stiskanca je ostajal grod, ki je bil po dodelavi uspešno odstranjen. V diplomskem delu je opisan proces izdelave, dodelave in delovanje naprave kakor tudi proizvodni proces, v katerem naprava nastopa. In company ETI Elektroelement, d. d., program unit technical ceramics steatit, the need for a new stacking device has shown. In first step the route of pieces had to be predicted. Next the working space needed for stacking, cleaning and overall size of device was rated. Designing of device was done using PTC Creo software. Components and materials had to be chosen. In great help were experiences from other similar devices, which made choosing the right components easier. After main frame was built and support plate was added, pneumatic components were installed according to pneumatic scheme made with Festo FluidDraw software. Also sensors, switches along with electrical cabinet were installed. Electrical scheme was made using Altium Designer software. For PLC controller a user program was written with TIA Portal software. During operation in production hall a shortcoming has been noticed and was eliminated with small improvement of the device. After improvement burr that was previously leftover on edges was removed successfully. In diploma thesis process of device construction and working principle as well as manufacturing process where device appears in are described.

The moisture and the concentration of K in the soil in plant ecological park was accurately controlled based on the SIMATIC S7-300 PLC controller. The hardware of control system based on PLC was set up, at the same time, the control algorithm used in the moisture and concentration of K was analyzed and the software design of control system was also completed. At last, the control system was proved to be practicality and superiority by comparing the quantity and quality of potatoes yield from the two plots, one is controlled by the designed controller and the other is in the natural growth.

This article contains description of a new programming method of PLC controllers, presently a fundamental tool in discrete process auto-mation. A PLC user, applying standard languages for programming of sequence processes, is forced to rely on intuitive methods as well as his own experience. For this reason, the authors attempted to work out a method, which would allow for simple execution of the program-ming process with no limits regarding number of steps and input and output signals. The result of these studies is a method named Graftech by its authors. The method consists in determination of a functional program in LD language, basing on process algorithm written with SFC network. The rules concerning determination of the functional program are also described. Application of Graftech method is illustrated with an example of automatic ejector of casting molds.

Završni rad „Automatizacija obradnog centra i robotske ruke uporabom kontrolera S7-1200 u programskom jeziku LAD“ bavi se razradom koncepata automatizacije kroz nekoliko osnovnih područja. Svako od njih bitno je za shvaćanje sljedećeg. Na početku je opisana programska podrška i korištena oprema. Kako se radi isključivo o Siemensovim komponentama, promatran je način pristupa te tvrtke automatizacije industrije. Za programiranje željenih sekvenci izvođenja koristi se inženjerska softverska potpora TIA Portal. Nakon programiranja sekvence se prenose na kontroler Siemens SIMATIC S7-1200 koji služi za upravljanje modelima obradnog centra i robotske ruke. Kontroler je svojevrstan centar ovog projekta. Komunikacija se izvodi industrijskim ethernetom, a zbog potreba izrade korišten je i mrežni preklopnik. Fizička razina razrade projekta odnosi se na samo izvedbu modela kao skupa motora, senzora i ostalih elemenata bitnih za komunikaciju i ispravan rad. Posebna pažnja pridodijeljena je funkcijama GET i PUT koje su osnova komunikacije među kontrolerima u ovome radu. Posljednje, razrađeno je HMI sučelje kao poveznica između čovjeka (korisnika) i stroja. Final thesis titled „Automation of machining center and robot arm using a controller S7-1200 in programming languale LAD“ is engaged in elaboration of concepts of automation through several key areas. Each of them is essential for understanding the other (next). First, at the beginning of thesis, we explained all about system support and used equipment. Because all used equipment is designed by Siemens, they present their completely integrated automation approach. To program the preset sequence of execution we are using TIA Portal, a engineering support software. After the programming, sequence are transmitted to the Siemens SIMATIC S7-1200 controller for further management of machining center and robot arm models. The controller is a center of this project. Communication is performed by using industrial ethernet, and because of the need in construction, to develop project, we use a switch. The physical level of development of the project refers to the model as a set of engine, sensors and other elements essential for communication and proper operation. Special attention is assigned to the functions GET and PUT because they are the basis of communication between controllers. Last, we explained the HMI interface as a link between man (user) and machine.

CNC XY risalnik v Laboratorij-u za industrijsko robotiko je opremljen z OMRON krmiljem, ki zajema PLK, numerično enoto in vhodno-izhodne enote ter preprosto upravljavsko konzolo s krmilnimi gumbi. Ta omogoča preklop med ročnim in avtomatskim režimom delovanja, inicializacijo, krmiljenje v ročnem režimu, zagon pred izbranim programom za risanje itd. Zaradi številnih omejitev takšne konzole je upravljanje z risalnikom precej nerodno. Glavna pomanjkljivost je, da ne omogoča prikazovanje različnih sporočil (alarmi, napake ipd) in tudi ne izbire enega od programov za risanje, ki so shranjeni v numeričnem krmilniku. Če želimo izbrati drugi risalni program, je potrebno poseči v PLK program (PLK krmili numerično enoto), kar pa je seveda v praksi nedopustno. V okviru naloge je potrebno izdelati takšen upravljavski grafični vmesnik (npr. z orodjem CX-Supervisor), ki bo služil kot dopolnilo ročni upravljavski konzoli in bo omogočal prikazovanje vseh relevantnih informacij ter izbiro pred-naloženih uporabniških programov za risanje. CNC XY plotter in the laboratory for industrial robotics is equipped with OMRON controlling, covering the PLK, numerical unit and the input-output units and simple management console with control buttons. This allows you to switch between manual and automatic operating regime, the initialization, control in manual mode, run before selected program for drawing, etc. The main disadvantage is that it does not allow displaying different messages (alarms, errors, etc), and also do not choose one of the programs, which are stored in the numerical controller. If we want to choose other drawing program, it is necessary to reach in PLC (PLK controls numeric unit), which is in the practice absolutely intolerably. In the context of the task is necessary to make such management graphical interface (e.g., by using the CX Supervisor), which will serve as a supplement to the manual management console and will allow displaying all important information and a choice of pre-loaded programs for drawing.

V laboratoriju je določeno število delovnih mest. Študentje se razdelijo v manjše skupine po dva ali največ tri. Tako vsaka skupina opravlja laboratorijsko vajo na svojem delovnem mestu, ki je opremljeno z osebnim računalnikom. V okviru laboratorijskih vaj študentje tipično zasnujejo in izvedejo krmiljenje ali regulacijo za neko progo, ki je predstavljena s fizičnim modelom. Da bi lahko vsi študentje sočasno opravljali isto vajo, bi bilo potrebno imeti zadostno število fizičnih modelov. Fizične modele je potrebno tudi redno vzdrževati, njihova reprodukcija je draga in časovno zamudna. Te slabosti lahko odpravimo, če fizične modele nadomestimo z virtualnimi na osebnih računalnikih. V diplomski nalogi je predstavljena izdelava virtualnih modelov za laboratorijske vaje. Z uporabo virtualnih modelov bo mogoče, da bo celotna skupina študentov v laboratoriju opravljala isto vajo hkrati. Modeli so izdelani s programskim paketom Labview in so preko OPC strežnika povezani s krmilnikom. In the laboratory is, a certain number of workplaces. Students are divided into small groups of two or three, and so each group has own laboratory exercise in the workplace, which is equipped with a personal computer. By laboratory exercises students typically conceive and implement control or regulation for the route, which is represented by a physical model. To enable that all students can simultaneously perform the same exercise, should be a sufficient number of physical models. Physical models also need regular maintenance, their reproduction is expensive and time consuming. These disadvantages can be eliminated if a physical model is replaced with virtual model on personal computer. In the thesis is presented creation of virtual models for laboratory exercises. With using of virtual models, will be able that the entire group of students in the laboratory, will performed the same exercise at the same time. Models are built using the LabVIEW program, and are via the OPC server connected to a controller.

V diplomskem delu je realiziran projekt za avtomatizacijo transportnih trakov polnilne linije. Opisan je proces transporta steklenic po transportnih trakovih od začetka do konca polnilne linije. Predstavljeni so gradniki, ki so potrebni za delovanje celotnega avtomatiziranega sistema transportnih trakov polnilne linije. Narejena je rešitev postopka programiranja in vizualizacije transportnih trakov s programskim paketom B&R. This thesis is a realization of a plan for the automatisation of conveyor belts for the filling line. It includes the process description of the bottle transportation on conveyor belts from the beginning, until the end of the filling line. All the parts, which are necessary for the whole working of the automised conveyor belts system for the filling line, are presented. A solution for the programming process and the visualization of the conveyor belts is made with the programming package B&R.

DergiPark: 245926 trakyafbd Generally, moving materials, devices and equipment , used in all industrial areas, from one point to another is very important. Equipment has almost been carried by means of winches or cranes in all factories and workshops. The most important subject is that materials should be carried to the desired points without any mistake, not be crushed any objects in its environment and the cost should be minimized. Therefore; in this study, a bridge crane mechanism has been designed to carry objects to every desired point in three-dimensional space. Furthermore, a bridge crane mechanism has been sensitively controlled by Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Genel olarak tüm endüstriyel alanlarda, kullanılan malzemelerin, araç ve gereçlerin bir noktadan başka noktalara taşınması çok önemlidir. Hemen hemen tüm fabrikalarda, imalathanelerde ve çeşitli tesislerde malzemelerin taşınması vinç ya da köprülü krenler vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirilmektedir. Burada en önemli konu, malzemenin istenilen hedef noktaya hatasız olarak taşınması, çevresinde bulunan diğer yapılara çarpmadan tahribatın önlenmesi ve maliyetin minimuma indirilmesi kaçınılmaz unsurlardır. Bundan dolayı çalışmamızda üç boyutlu kartezyen koordinatlarında bir cismin istenilen her noktaya taşınması için bir köprülü krenin tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiş olup, ayrıca kren mekanizması programlanabilir mantıksal denetleyici (PLC) ile denetimi hassas bir şekilde yapılmıştır.