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4 results on '"PM CHEMISTRY"'

1. Oxidative potential of subway PM2.5.

Author

Moreno, Teresa, Kelly, Frank J., Dunster, Chrissi, Oliete, Ana, Martins, Vânia, Reche, Cristina, Minguillón, Maria Cruz, Amato, Fulvio, Capdevila, Marta, de Miguel, Eladio, and Querol, Xavier

Subjects
*PARTICULATE matter, *OXIDATION, *AIR quality, *VITAMIN C, *GLUTATHIONE
Abstract

Air quality in subway systems is of interest not only because particulate matter (PM) concentrations can be high, but also because of the peculiarly metalliferous chemical character of the particles, most of which differ radically from those of outdoor ambient air. We report on the oxidative potential (OP) of PM 2.5 samples collected in the Barcelona subway system in different types of stations. The PM chemical composition of these samples showed typically high concentrations of Fe, Total Carbon, Ba, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cr sourced from rail tracks, wheels, catenaries, brake pads and pantographs. Two toxicological indicators of oxidative activity, ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation (expressed as OP AA μg −1 or OP AA m −3 ) and glutathione (GSH) oxidation (expressed as OP GSH μg −1 or OP GSH m −3 ), showed low OP for all samples (compared with outdoor air) but considerable variation between stations (0.9–2.4 OP AA μg −1 ; 0.4–1.9 OP GSH μg −1 ). Results indicate that subway PM toxicity is not related to variations in PM 2.5 concentrations produced by ventilation changes, tunnel works, or station design, but may be affected more by the presence of metallic trace elements such as Cu and Sb sourced from brakes and pantographs. The OP assays employed do not reveal toxic effects from the highly ferruginous component present in subway dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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2. Impact of harbour emissions on ambient PM10 and PM2.5 in Barcelona (Spain): Evidences of secondary aerosol formation within the urban area.

Author

Pérez, Noemí, Pey, Jorge, Reche, Cristina, Cortés, Joaquim, Alastuey, Andrés, and Querol, Xavier

Subjects
*EMISSIONS (Air pollution), *PARTICULATE matter, *METROPOLITAN areas, *COMBUSTION of petroleum fuel, *AMMONIUM sulfate, *AIR quality
Abstract

With the objective of estimating the impact of harbour activities on ambient PM 10 and PM 2.5 levels at the urban area of Barcelona, a one year long monitoring campaign was carried out in the context of the European APICE project (MED-FEDER-EC). This campaign was simultaneously conducted at the port and a central urban background site. A detailed PM 10 and PM 2.5 chemical speciation analysis was carried out with samples from both sites. Subsequently, a source apportionment analysis by means of the PMF receptor model was performed. Six common factors were identified, explaining local to regional emission sources (fuel oil combustion, industrial emissions, mineral-road dust resuspension, and road traffic emissions) and aerosol formation/transformation processes (secondary aerosols including ammonium sulphate and organic aerosols, and a mixed source accounting for aged sea spray and secondary nitrate). Around 50–55% PM 10 and PM 2.5 measured at the port was attributed to harbour activities: mineral matter from road dust and construction works of a new port area, vehicle traffic and fuel oil combustion. The estimated contribution of harbour emissions to the urban background reached 9–12% for PM 10 and 11–15% for PM 2.5 and is linked to primary emissions from fuel oil combustion but also to the formation of secondary aerosols. It becomes relevant to highlight the significantly higher contribution of secondary aerosols at the urban background when compared with the harbour site. Our hypothesis points to the fast formation of secondary ammonium sulphate within the city, after the reaction of SO 2 /H 2 SO 4 transported by sea breezes with NH 3 , which is emitted in large amounts in Barcelona; and also to the enhanced formation of secondary organic aerosols within the city. This study broadens our knowledge on atmospheric phenomenology in urban Mediterranean cities and claims for effective abatement strategies focused on maritime practises, in agreement with the driving axis of the APICE project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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3. Atmospheric Environment

Author

Moreno, Teresa, Kelly, Frank J., Dunster, Christina A., Oliete, Ana, Martins, Vânia, Reche, Cristina, Minguillón, María Cruz, Amato, Fulvio, Capdevila, Marta, de Miguel, Eladio, Querol, Xavier, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Moreno, Teresa, Reche, Cristina, Minguillón, María Cruz, Amato, Fulvio {0000-0003-1546-9154}, Querol, Xavier {0000-0002-6549-9899}, Moreno, Teresa [0000-0003-3235-1027], Reche, Cristina [0000-0002-3387-3989}, and Minguillón, María Cruz [0000-0002-5464-0391}

Subjects
Airborne metals, Subway air quality, Toxicity, PM chemistry, Particulate matter, Oxidative potential
Abstract

Air quality in subway systems is of interest not only because particulate matter (PM) concentrations can be high, but also because of the peculiarly metalliferous chemical character of the particles, most of which differ radically from those of outdoor ambient air. We report on the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 samples collected in the Barcelona subway system in different types of stations. The PM chemical composition of these samples showed typically high concentrations of Fe, Total Carbon, Ba, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cr sourced from rail tracks, wheels, catenaries, brake pads and pantographs. Two toxicological indicators of oxidative activity, ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation (expressed as OPAA μg−1 or OPAA m−3) and glutathione (GSH) oxidation (expressed as OPGSH μg−1 or OPGSH m−3), showed low OP for all samples (compared with outdoor air) but considerable variation between stations (0.9–2.4 OPAA μg−1; 0.4–1.9 OPGSH μg−1). Results indicate that subway PM toxicity is not related to variations in PM2.5 concentrations produced by ventilation changes, tunnel works, or station design, but may be affected more by the presence of metallic trace elements such as Cu and Sb sourced from brakes and pantographs. The OP assays employed do not reveal toxic effects from the highly ferruginous component present in subway dust. © 2016 The Authors, This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds (METRO CGL2012-33066 ), the I MPROVE LIFE Project ( LIFE13 ENV/ES/000263 ) and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme ( FP7/2007-2013 ) under grant agreement no. 315760 HEXACOMM. Support is also acknowledged to Generalitat de Catalunya 2014 SGR33 . Fulvio Amato is beneficiary of an AXA Research Fund postdoctoral grant . In the UK the research was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England (PHE). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health or Public Health England. Special thanks to Wes Gibbons for improving an early draft of the manuscript. Appendix A

Published
2017

4. Chemical analysis of atmospheric PM and improvment of the knowledge on emissions sources

Author

Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, Piot, Christine, Besombes, Jean-Luc, Marchand, Nicolas, El Haddad, I., Favez, Olivier, Brulfert, G., Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
PM CHEMISTRY, TRACERS, TRACEURS, ANALYSE ON-LINE, AEROSOLS ATMOSPHERIQUES, SOURCES D'EMISSION, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, CHIMIE DES PM, EMISSION SOURCES, OFF-LINE SAMPLING, PRELEVEMENTS OFF-LINE---ATMOSPHERIC PM, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ON-LINE ANALYSIS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2012

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