346 results on '"POLAT, MURAT"'
Search Results
2. Pre-Service Teachers' Multidimensional Leadership Orientations: A PLS-SEM Modelling
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Polat, Murat
- Abstract
This research focuses on better understanding the nature of pre-service teachers' four-frame leadership orientations. As it is known, the phenomenon of leadership still continues to be a research topic in the field of educational administration. But, these studies carried out on teachers and school administrators. As future teachers and school administrators, research on the leadership orientations of teacher candidates is less. Therefore, this study wants to investigate the multidimensional leadership orientations of teacher candidates and propose a model. The research is a quantitative relational survey study. Convenient sampling technique was used in the research. Participants n=278 [173 female; 105 male] are teacher candidates. At the end of the research; It revealed that the multi-directional leadership orientations of the teacher candidates were generally at a high level, but there was no significant difference in gender and grade level variables. On the other hand, it can said that the human resource leadership orientations of teacher candidates have a significant and small difference in favor of female teacher candidates (Glass'd=-0.15; p<0.05). Also, PLS-SEM structural model analysis revealed that pre-service teachers' human resource leadership and political leadership orientations predicted structural leadership tendencies with a significant partial mediation effect in the charismatic leadership dimension. Based on the findings of this study, teacher education and the development of four-frame leadership programs can be considered. As a result, teacher candidates' multifaceted leadership potential can be supported and developed. [This paper was presented as an online presentation at the VIII. Yildiz International Social Sciences Congress, Dec. 23-24, 2021, Istanbul, Turkey.]
- Published
- 2023
3. Clairaut conformal submersions from Ricci solitons
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Polat, Murat
- Subjects
Mathematics - Differential Geometry - Abstract
In the present article, we characterize Clairaut conformal submersions whose total manifolds admit a Ricci soliton and provide a non-trivial example of such Clairaut conformal submersions. We firstly calculate scalar curvature and Ricci tensors of total manifolds of Clairaut conformal submersions and provide necessary conditions for the fibres of such Clairaut conformal submersions to be almost Ricci solitons and Einstein. Further, we provide necessary conditions for the base manifold to be Ricci soliton and Einstein. Then, we find a necessary condition for vector field $\dot{\zeta}$ to be conformal vector field and killing vector field. Besides, we indicate that if total manifolds of Clairaut conformal submersions admit a Ricci soliton with the potential mean curvature vector field $H$ of $Ker\vartheta _{\ast }, $ then the total manifolds of Clairaut conformal submersions admit a gradient Ricci soliton. Finally, by solving Poisson equation, we acquire a necessary and sufficient condition for Clairaut conformal submersions to be harmonic.
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- 2023
4. Clairaut slant Riemannian maps to K\'ahler manifolds
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Yadav, Jyoti, Shanker, Gauree, and Polat, Murat
- Subjects
Mathematics - Differential Geometry ,53B20, 53B35 - Abstract
The aim of this article is to describe the idea of Clairaut slant Riemannian maps from Riemannian manifolds to K\"ahler manifolds. First, for the slant Riemannian map, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for a curve to be a geodesic on the base manifold. Further, we find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the slant Riemannian map to be a Clairaut slant Riemannian map; for Clairaut slant Riemannian map to be totally geodesic; for the base manifold to be a locally product manifold. Further, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for the integrability of range of derivative map. Also, we investigate the harmonicity of Clairaut slant Riemannian map. Finally, we get two inequalities in terms of second fundamental form of a Clairaut slant Riemannian map and check the equality case., Comment: 17 pages
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- 2023
5. B. Y. Chen-Ricci inequalities for anti-invariant Riemannian submersions in Kenmotsu space forms
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Polat, Murat
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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6. Clairaut semi-invariant Riemannian maps to Kaehler manifolds
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Polat, Murat and Meena, Kiran
- Subjects
Mathematics - Differential Geometry ,53B20, 53B35, 53C43 - Abstract
In this paper, first, we recall the notion of Clairaut Riemannian map (CRM) ${F}$ using a geodesic curve on the base manifold and give the Ricci equation. We also show that if base manifold of CRM is space form then leaves of $(ker{F}_\ast)^\perp$ become space forms and symmetric as well. Secondly, we define Clairaut semi-invariant Riemannian map (CSIRM) from a Riemannian manifold $(M, g_{M})$ to a K\"ahler manifold $(N, g_{N}, P)$ with a non-trivial example. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for a curve on the base manifold of semi-invariant Riemannian map (SIRM) to be geodesic. Further, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a SIRM to be CSIRM. Moreover, we find necessary and sufficient condition for CSIRM to be harmonic and totally geodesic. In addition, we find necessary and sufficient condition for the distributions $\bar{D_1}$ and $\bar{D_2}$ of $(ker{F}_\ast)^\bot$ (which are arisen from the definition of CSIRM) to define totally geodesic foliations. Finally, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for $(ker{F}_\ast)^\bot$ and base manifold to be locally product manifold $\bar{D_1} \times \bar{D_2}$ and ${(range{F}_\ast)} \times {(range{F}_\ast)^\bot}$, respectively., Comment: 19 pages
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- 2023
7. Clairaut Semi-invariant Riemannian Maps to Kähler Manifolds
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Polat, Murat and Meena, Kiran
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- 2024
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8. Reliability Analysis of PISA 2018 Reading Literacy Student Questionnaire Based on Item Response Theory (IRT): Turkey Sample
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Polat, Murat, Toraman, Çetin, and Turhan, Nihan Sölpük
- Abstract
PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) tests have enabled the OECD countries to see not only the success of their students in gaining the ability to solve some daily problems they may encounter in their lives but also the place in the world rankings as a result of an objective evaluation comparing the achievement results of participant countries. Therefore, it is very important for the reliability and prestige of the program that the PISA exams and related student survey results are as unbiassed and error-free as possible. In this paper, validity and reliability study of the PISA 2018 Reading Literacy Student Survey (RLSS) Turkey sample was conducted including the analysis of survey items within the framework of Item Response Theory (IRT). The item fit indexes, item parameters according to the GPCM (Generalized Partial Credit Model), standard error values and item characteristics' reliability of the survey were determined via IRT, respectively. The data set included the answers of 6111 15-year-old Turkish students participated in PISA 2018. In the data analysis, through using the local independence assumption, Q3 statistics; IRT calibrations were tested with the help of the "Mirt v.1.30" program within the scope of "R v.4.0.5". In the study, each set of questions in the PISA student survey was examined independently from each other and each question set was considered as a separate attitude scale. The results showed that, although some of the items in PISA 2018 (RLSS) gave low level information, all the question sets in the test provided an acceptable model fit according to the GPCM. Upon examining the item characteristic curves, it was understood that the survey items showed valid and reliable results for testing different ability levels.
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- 2022
9. Comparison of Performance Measures Obtained from Foreign Language Tests According to Item Response Theory vs Classical Test Theory
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Polat, Murat
- Abstract
Foreign language testing is a multi-dimensional phenomenon and obtaining objective and error-free scores on learners' language skills is often problematic. While assessing foreign language performance on high-stakes tests, using different testing approaches including Classical Test Theory (CTT), Generalizability Theory (GT) and/or Item Response Theory (IRT) may help both to obtain results closer to true scores on students' proficiency levels and to minimize the amount of measurement error on test results, depending on item parameters, testing objectives and the amount of time and resources for valid and reliable evaluation. In this study, two popular testing theories the CTT and IRT were compared in testing language proficiency. Multi-dimensionality of two multiple-choice language tests taken by 2032 low-int and intermediate level language students in the spring term of 2018-2019 academic year was examined via CTT and IRT. In the first step of the analyses, the dimensionality test results revealed that test results were multidimensional. As a result of the NOHARM test, carried out to analyze which IRT model the data fit finest, it was determined that the test data fit the 3- parameter-logistic model. Eventually, it was determined that the correlation coefficients between foreign language proficiency estimations based on the CTT and IRT varied between 0.806 and 0.891. Thus, it was concluded that the two assessment theories (CTT focuses on measurement errors while the IRT focuses on individual traits) could let test designers obtain valid and reliable measurement scores, while the latter approach was observed to be slightly better at testing language achievement and/or proficiency.
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- 2022
10. A Case Study of Preservice Teachers' Classroom Management Dilemma in a Climate of Uncertainty during the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Polat, Murat
- Abstract
The COVID-19 Pandemic process has brought with it a climate of uncertainty. This uncertain environment also contains a lot of uncertainty about classroom management for preservice teachers. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the metaphorical perceptions and views of preservice teachers about the source of the uncertainties they encounter in online courses conducted via Google Classroom. In this case study, the metaphors and opinions produced by the preservice teachers were evaluated. The results of content analysis revealed that the metaphorical perceptions of preservice teachers are grouped under two different themes. These themes are; "Students' Individual Uncertainties" and "Environmental Uncertainties in Learning". They use the metaphors of "dead end" and "confusion" to describe the environmental uncertainties they encounter in the classroom. It can be concluded that the metaphorical perceptions and views of the preservice teachers about the uncertainties they encounter in the online arrangements in Google Classroom overlap with each other.
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- 2022
11. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish-Adapted School Participant Empowerment Scale (SPES) for Teachers with the PLS-SEM Approach
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Polat, Murat
- Abstract
The importance of empowering school participants is increasing day by day. A school with empowered teachers can take more confident steps towards future education. Thus, it is important to determine the empowerment level of teachers as an important stakeholder of the school. The main purpose of this research is to adopt a measurement tool developed to determine the level of empowerment of school participants to Turkish school culture. For this, the School Participants Empowerment Scale (SPES) was used. The original scale has six factors (decision making, professional development, status, self-efficacy, autonomy, impact) and 38 items. There are n=108 teachers working in different types of public schools (preschool, primary school, secondary school, and high school) in the sample group of the research. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was adopted in the adaptation process of the scale. Smart PLS 3.2.8 program was used in the analysis of the research data. For validity and reliability on the data, 2nd level Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed by means of the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. At the end of the research; It was understood that the Turkish version of the scale generally preserved the original six-factor scale structure. But, it was determined that 9 items that could not fit the structural model should be removed from the Turkish version. The Turkish version of the scale adapted for teachers can be used in the context of Turkey as a six-factor and 29-item scale. Findings show that the scale exhibits good fit characteristics of the PLS-SEM approach. [This paper was presented as an online presentation at the Gazi University International Congress of Turkish World Educational Sciences, Nov. 24-26, 2021, Ankara, Turkey.]
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- 2022
12. Comparison of Classical Test Theory vs. Multi-Facet Rasch Theory
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Polat, Murat, Turhan, Nihan S., and Toraman, Cetin
- Abstract
Testing English writing skills could be multi-dimensional; thus, the study aimed to compare students' writing scores calculated according to Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Multi-Facet Rasch Model (MFRM). The research was carried out in 2019 with 100 university students studying at a foreign language preparatory class and four experienced instructors who participated in the study as raters. Data of the study were collected by using a writing rubric consisting of four components (content, organization, grammar and vocabulary). Participants' writing scores were analysed thoroughly both by CTT and MFRM. At the first step, the participants' writing scores were calculated by taking the means of the writing points given by the graders in the CTT model. Then, the MFRM was applied to the data through a three-facet design considering the rater, student and rubric components as MFRM facets respectively. Finally, ability estimates obtained and reported in the logit scale via Rasch Analysis were converted into the analytic rubric's component scores used throughout the scoring procedure. Finally, two sets of writing scores were calculated and compared according to both measurement models. Considering the findings, it was summoned that there was a positive and high correlation between the ability estimates found according to the CTT and the MFRM. However, the mean score difference calculated according to both theories was still significant. Moreover, the analyses showed that criterion validity of the writing scores obtained via the MFRM was higher than the scores obtained via the CTT.
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- 2022
13. A Meta-Analysis Study on the Relationship between Mathematical Literacy and Mathematics Achievement in PISA Tests
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Polat, Murat and Turhan, Nihan Sölpük
- Abstract
This research is an extensive meta-analysis investigating the link between mathematical literacy and mathematics achievement which are tested mainly in PISA exams. With this aim in mind, first, the studies related to the research objective between the years 2003-2021 were examined. In the second stage, eight studies which met the research criteria and 13 quantitative data categories that were common in those studies were determined. In the end of the process, the data set of this meta-analysis study consisted data obtained from 34146 participants in total. Based on the findings driven from the study, a heterogeneous data structure was observed; thus, the Random Effect model was used in the analyses and it was summoned that the link between mathematical literacy and mathematics achievement had a moderately significant effect on the effect size value (Cohen's d value: 0.66). The analysis of the subgroups revealed that there was no noteworthy difference between the effect levels considering the independent variables including the publication type, sample group and publication year. Finally, the results of this meta-analysis revealed that there was a positive and moderate relationship among students' mathematical literacy and mathematics achievement measured in PISA tests.
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- 2022
14. Applying Generalizability Theory in Language Testing: Comparing Nested and Crossed Scoring Designs in the Assessment of Speaking Skills
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Polat, Murat and Turhan, Nihan Sölpük
- Abstract
Scoring language learners' speaking skills is open to a number of measurement errors since raters' personal judgements could involve in the process. Different grading designs in which raters score a student's whole speaking skills or a specific dimension of the speaking performance could be settled to control and minimize the amount of the error in grading foreign language speaking skills. Therefore, the present study aims to compare G and Phi coefficients gained from the scores of a full factorial (fully crossed) model versus a nested model where rubric components are nested in graders. Four experienced raters and 116 intermediate level language learners studying at a Turkish state university's language school voluntarily participated in this exploratory study. Findings revealed that the G and Phi values obtained with a full factorial grading model were higher. In addition, checking the variance components according to the source of variation, the variance associated with the student's main effect of the full factorial pattern was higher, while the variance value of the residual effect was lower. These findings reveal that full factorial designs could generate more reliable results in speaking exams, thus, it is recommended for language schools to implement the full factorial design in speaking exams when practical conditions such as enough time or sufficient number of graders are available.
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- 2021
15. Pre-Service Teachers' Digital Literacy Levels, Views on Distance Education and Pre-University School Memories
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Polat, Murat
- Abstract
Many studies are still ongoing on the possible effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic process on educational environments. With the decision to switch to distance education during the pandemic process, an important opportunity has emerged for rapid digital transformation in higher education. In this process, the relationships between the digital literacy levels of university students, their views on distance education and their pre-university school memories are curious. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between education faculty students' digital literacy levels and their views on distance education and their pre-university school memories. The research was carried out in the faculty of education at a state university in the 2020-21 academic year. The sample group consists of n = 234 (89 males; 145 females, mean age 21.7) pre-service teachers. Research data were collected online via Classroom. During the data collection process, one personal information form and three scale forms were used together. The return rate of the data collection tool is ~ 51%. Descriptive and relational analysis were used to analyze the collected data (p <.05). The findings, there are some significant and positive relationships between pre-service teachers' digital literacy levels, their views on distance education and their pre-university school memories. It has been revealed that students' digital literacy levels, their pre-university school memories and their views on distance education have significant effects in varying degrees. Some suggestions were made within the framework of the relevant literature for the results reached. [This paper was presented as an online presentation at the FSM Educational Research Congress, Mar. 27-28, 2021, Istanbul, Turkey.]
- Published
- 2021
16. Measuring Language Learners' Success Oriented Motivation
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Polat, Murat
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Turkish language learners' motivation is affected by a number of internal and external factors such as the reasons why they learn a language, when and how long they learn it and what happens if they fail to learn it well enough to pass the required tests in a specific time. In Turkey, most university students (if they are not proficient) have to learn a foreign language for at least one year in language schools of the universities they are admitted to. Some of these students receive this language education voluntarily, whereas the others have a compulsory language education; therefore, motivation of the learners towards language learning is highly critical. In this study, success-oriented motivation of students at a language school was investigated in terms of their gender, language levels, faculties, achievement scores, university choice rankings and their willingness to learn a foreign language. 678 students from 10 different faculties of two state universities in Eskisehir participated in this study. The students' motivation of success was measured with "Success Oriented Motivation Scale" and the results revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between success-oriented motivation and language proficiency scores.
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- 2020
17. A Rasch Analysis of Rater Behaviour in Speaking Assessment
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Polat, Murat
- Abstract
The assessment of speaking skills in foreign language testing has always had some pros (testing learners' speaking skills doubles the validity of any language test) and cons (many testrelevant/irrelevant variables interfere) since it is a multi-dimensional process. In the meantime, exploring grader behaviours while scoring learners' speaking skills is necessary not only for inter/intra-rater reliability estimations but also for identifying the potential stringent and lenient graders in the rater-group to act accordingly to settle the best matches for graders when pairedrater-scorings or cross-marking-gradings are preferred for increasing the objectivity. In this exploratory study, which was implemented in 2019, 6 expert speaking graders scored 24 English language learners' speaking interviews from their video recordings including an individual and a pair discussion task for each student. A Rasch model in which MFRM (Many Faceted Rasch Measurement) was utilised to explore the scoring behaviours of the expert graders in terms of stringency and find out if their grading habits significantly affect language learners' overall speaking performances. The results of the present research showed that graders had significant score differences among each other and some of them scored too leniently or too stringently that might affect learners' speaking grades significantly.
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- 2020
18. Investigating the Backwash Effect of Higher Education Exam (YGS) on University Students' Attitudes
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Polat, Murat
- Abstract
The application of high-stakes tests to choose students for higher education in Turkey has been considered as a reliable and effective way of assessment for so long. However, the application of a multiple-choice test in testing various skills could bring a number of side-effects with itself. This study aimed to investigate the backwash effect of the university exam on university students' attitudes. To be able to collect data from participants, it was first aimed to develop an attitude scale to examine the washback effect of Higher Education Exam (YGS). Considering the views of 5 academicians from educational sciences, ELT and testing disciplines, a preliminary version of the washback scale was developed. Next, the new scale was piloted in order to do its exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Third, the scale's internal reliability was measured and the scale which had 3 factors and 13 items was proven to be a valid and reliable tool to collect data including university students' views towards the washback effect of the university exam on their attitudes. Data of this study were collected from 5 state universities with the contribution of 1617 students from different grades and disciplines. The results showed that YGS had negative washback effects on university students in terms of test anxiety and study habits but considering its impact on students' time management skills, YGS was reported to have a positive impact on participants.
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- 2020
19. Identifying, Measuring and Addressing Language Learners' Needs
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Polat, Murat
- Abstract
Most university students are confronted with the feeling of loneliness and face with a number of other personal psychological and social needs during their first years at university. Depending on the students' age, gender, faculty, socioeconomic status or emotional intelligence, these needs may change considerably and affect their academic success. As a consequence, objective and frequent assessment of the needs of university students (especially in their first years) is essential to provide more sustainable, effective and meaningful educational programs. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to explore psychological and social needs of foreign language preparatory schools' students in Turkey and to determine whether those needs differ according to a number of independent variables. The sample of the study consists of 1526 undergraduate students studying at 5 different state-universities' language schools in Ankara, Eskisehir and Izmir during 2018-2019 academic years. SNAS (Students' Needs Analysis Survey), a Turkish adapted version of the original scale the Survey of Student Needs (SSN) was used for data collection. Finally, the results of this study revealed that freshmen language learners primarily have psychological, social, academic and financial needs and these needs differ significantly according to gender, language proficiency level and academic achievement.
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- 2020
20. Analysis of Multiple-Choice versus Open-Ended Questions in Language Tests According to Different Cognitive Domain Levels
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Polat, Murat
- Abstract
Classroom practices, materials and teaching methods in language classes have changed a lot in the last decades and continue to evolve; however, the commonly used techniques to test students' foreign language skills have not changed much regardless of the recent awareness in Bloom's taxonomy. Testing units at schools rely mostly on multiple choice questions (MCQ) because these types of questions are reliable, cost effective and time savers; however, these measure only surface information in a particular skill while other skills such as critical thinking and synthesis cannot be evaluated using MCQs. On the other hand, open-ended question (OEQ) tests include analysis and synthesis and a higher level of cognitive processing, with some washback effects such as less reliable results and more time and effort in scoring. This study aims to compare language learners' performances on MCQ and OEQ tests administered to 116 students studying at a language preparatory school in Eskisehir. Four separate tests including grammar and reading questions in both forms were prepared and administered to the same students respectively. Research results showed that there was a significant difference between OEQ and MCQ tests in terms of item difficulty and item discrimination levels. In both grammar and reading assessment, MCQ tests were found to be easier than OEQ tests.
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- 2020
21. Washback Effect of Turkish Foreign Language Proficiency Exam YDS: A Scale Development Study
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Polat, Murat
- Abstract
Investigating the possible washback effect of Foreign Language Proficiency Exam called YDS could provide valuable data regarding how test-takers feel about taking this exam. This study aims to design a scale and collect data regarding the possible washback effect of YDS. In the initial phase, with the help of 6 academicians from ELT and testing disciplines, a preliminary draft of an attitude scale was developed. Secondly, the scale was piloted in order to carry out exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Thirdly, the newly developed scale's psychometric qualities (validity and reliability) were measured. After it was confirmed that the scale which had 4 factors and 13 items was a valid and reliable tool, the data including the views of Turkish academicians were gathered focusing on the washback effect of the YDS via this scale in the final phase. The overall data of this study were collected from 84 state universities with the contribution of 2683 academicians from different disciplines. The findings revealed that YDS has negative backwash effect on Turkish academicians in terms of certain subcategories including test strategy, motivation, perception and test taker's psychology.
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- 2019
22. Teachers' Attitudes towards Teaching English Grammar: A Scale Development Study
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Polat, Murat
- Abstract
In most ELT classes, the importance of grammar, how it should be taught or how much it should be integrated into language teaching are still matters of discussion. Considering this fact, learning teachers' attitudes towards teaching grammar is significantly valuable for researchers. This study thus aimed to design a scale that identifies teachers' attitudes towards the role of grammar in the process of teaching English, to pilot it, and to find out the psychometric qualities like reliability and validity of the scale designed. The scale was developed in two phases; it was first aimed to explore the factor structure of the scale, then to confirm the structure gained from the exploration of the items. The study was carried out in 2015 and 247 volunteer language teachers from 3 state universities in Eskisehir and Kütahya were included. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the scale developed in this study was a considerably valid and reliable data collection tool including three factors. Finally, the analyses indicated that gender and graduate faculties did not create significant differences whereas age and the degrees obtained by the teachers created a considerable difference on language teachers' attitudes towards grammar teaching (p<0.05).
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- 2017
23. Why Do Students Cheat in Examinations in Turkey? A Meta-Synthesis Study
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Polat, Murat
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The main purpose of this study is to determine the possible causes behind the tendency of students in Turkey to exhibit cheating behavior in the exams directly from the results of research conducted on the subject. This research is a meta-synthesis study that was planned in the qualitative research design. Within this scope; three master's theses and 28 research articles which are accessed using databases such as the Google Academic search engine, TUBITAK Ulakbim DergiPark, the Turkish Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center, EBSCOhost, and ERIC and directly linked to the topic, were subjected to content analysis. The sample group of the studies used for the analysis is secondary school, high school, and university students, prospective teachers of education faculty, teachers, and instructors working in schools. According to the content analysis performed, it was seen that the topical studies conducted in Turkey mainly concentrated on two sub-dimensions. These are studies that aim at revealing the reasons of students' tendency towards cheating behaviors in exams, and attitude levels of opinions about cheating behaviors in exams and what measures could be taken. The majority of the investigated studies were conducted with prospective teachers (n=15) and the research methods of the studies were mostly based on the quantitative method (n=20). In the context of the data presented and discussed in this current study, it is anticipated that the results will be useful in guiding future research and providing in-service training for teacher training programs.
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- 2017
24. Candida parapsilosis candidemia in children admitted to a tertiary hospital in Turkey: clinical features and antifungal susceptibility
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Çetin, Fatma Tuğba, primary, Çay, Ümmühan, additional, Polat, Murat, additional, Kılınç, Fatma, additional, Ünal, Asena, additional, Tapaç, Nisa Nur, additional, Gündeşlioğlu, Özlem Özgür, additional, Alabaz, Derya, additional, Bilen, Sevcan, additional, Kibar, Filiz, additional, and Totik, Nazlı, additional
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- 2024
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25. Validity and reliability evidence for the scale of distance education satisfaction of medical students based on item response theory (IRT)
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Toraman, Çetin, Karadağ, Engin, and Polat, Murat
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- 2022
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26. Arşiv Belgelerine Göre Ruha'da Mukataa Ve Malikâne Uygulamaları.
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Polat, Murat
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OTTOMAN Empire ,AGRICULTURE ,WAR ,MANSIONS ,FARMERS - Abstract
Copyright of International Journal of Disciplines Economics & Administrative Scienves Studies is the property of International Journal of Disciplines in Economics & Administrative Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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27. Rakka Âyanlarından Firuz Paşa: Vakfı, Belgeler Işığında Faaliyetleri ve Çoklu Kişiliğine Dair Bir Değerlendirme
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Ekinci, Abdullah, primary and Polat, Murat, additional
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- 2024
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28. The relationship between inclusive leadership and teachers perceptions of organizational trust: A cross-sectional survey in Türkiye
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Polat, Murat, primary and Turhaner, Kübra, additional
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- 2024
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29. Organizational Development and Quantum Organizations
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Yavas Tasdelen, Tuba and Polat, Murat
- Abstract
In terms of systems, it is important in educational organizations to achieve continuity in the processes of organizational development and formation of the structures of learning organization. And this continuity can only be possible by a good grasp of the zeitgeist. The root cause for this fact lies in the thought that, especially for educational organizations, learning, honesty, sharing, transparency, teamwork and organizational synergy unite with the spirit of organization in our day. In other saying, the zeitgeist suggests that organizational development and the structure of learning organization should transform into an organizational behavior and synergy in order for a climate of integration to rule organizations and their staff. The current study also aims to provide information on quantum organizations and their characteristics based on the concept of organizational development as discussed in the relevant literature because it offers a different perspective on the organizations of today. Applicability of the concept of quantum organization to educational organizations is also discussed. The study, therefore, is significant due to the fact that it opens into discussion an organizational model which may be necessary for the managerial processes of our time, which are indecisive, unstable, unclear, inexplicit and ever-changing. In this context, first of all, domestic and foreign publications on the subject matter were reviewed to obtain some data and, based on these data, conclusions were made regarding the educational organizations of our time.
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- 2015
30. Administrators' Power Usage Styles and Their Impact on the Organizational Culture in Colleges of Education: A Case Study
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Ozcan, Kenan, Karatas, Ibrahim Hakan, Caglar, Çaglar, and Polat, Murat
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The main purpose of this study is to determine how power usage styles of administrators of faculties of education influence the organizational culture in their respective faculties in Turkey. Using the phenomenological method, a qualitative research method, researchers studied a group comprised of 20 academics from 7 different colleges of education employed during the 2011-2012 academic year. In order to select the appropriate study group, maximum variation technique was used since it is one of the purposive sampling methods. The data were gathered using semi- structured interview questions developed by the researchers themselves and were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. In this study, it was found that while the administrators of this group mostly used legal, coercive, and reward power styles, charismatic and expertise power styles did not have a significant impact on members of their respective faculties. It was further found that administrators' usage of legal, coercive, and reward power styles bread both organizational cultures of power and bureaucracy. It was concluded that, due to the lack of charismatic and expertise power styles, cultures of success and support are unable to flourish in such faculties and that there are even difficulties in setting up a fully functional bureaucratic culture. As a result of this study, the researchers have suggested that in order to develop an organizational culture with all of its necessary components in faculties of education, administrators should be assigned through democratic selection methods, that they be trained in administrators training programs, and that a peer mentoring system should be developed in faculties of education.
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- 2014
31. İngilizce Öğretmenlerinin Sınıf Yönetimi Anlayışları ve Lise Öğrencilerinin İngilizce Dersine Yönelik Tutumları: Bir Karma Yöntem Araştırması
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Bozkur, Helin, primary and Polat, Murat, additional
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- 2024
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32. Demonstration of technical feasibility and viability of whole eye transplantation in a rodent model
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Zor, Fatih, Polat, Murat, Kulahci, Yalcin, Sahin, Huseyin, Aral, Ali Mubin, Erbas, Vasil Ercument, Karagoz, Huseyin, Kurt, Bulent, Battal, Bilal, and Gorantla, Vijay S.
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- 2019
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33. Clairaut slant Riemannian maps to Kähler manifolds.
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Yadav, Jyoti, Shanker, Gauree, and Polat, Murat
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GEODESICS - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the idea of Clairaut slant Riemannian maps from Riemannian manifolds to Kähler manifolds. First, for the slant Riemannian map, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for a curve to be a geodesic on the base manifold. Further, we find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the slant Riemannian map to be a Clairaut slant Riemannian map; for Clairaut slant Riemannian map to be totally geodesic; for the base manifold to be a locally product manifold. Further, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for the integrability of range of derivative map. Also, we investigate the harmonicity of Clairaut slant Riemannian map. Finally, we get two inequalities in terms of second fundamental form of a Clairaut slant Riemannian map and check the equality case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Frequency of idiopathic intracranial hypertension with ultrasound in patients with fibromyalgia: Relation with function, central sensitization, and neuropathic pain.
- Author
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Ketenci, Sertaç, Uzuner, Bora, Durmuş, Dilek, and Polat, Murat
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FIBROMYALGIA ,INTRACRANIAL hypertension ,NEURALGIA ,HYPERTENSION ,FATIGUE (Physiology) ,NEUROLOGIC examination ,VISUAL analog scale - Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in fibromyalgia (FMS) patients by utilizing ultrasound to measure the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), a marker of elevated intracranial pressure and also to investigate the relationship with function, fatigue, quality of life (QOL), central sensitization (CS) and neuropathic pain. Methods: The study encompassed 80 female FMS patients and 75 healthy controls. Ultrasound was employed to measure the average ONSD in both groups. Conditions potentially elevating intracranial pressure were ruled out following neurological assessments. Pain (via visual analog scale, VAS), function (revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, r‐FIQ), QOL (Short Form‐36, SF‐36), fatigue (fatigue severity scale, FACIT), CS (Central Sensitization Scale), and neuropathic pain (Douleur Neuropathique‐4) were evaluated. Results: The average ONSD was significantly higher in the patient group than the control group. Patients with ONSD >5.5 mm consistent with IIH were categorized as Group 1 (n = 54, 67.5%), while those with a diameter of 5.5 mm and below‐formed Group 2. VAS pain (p =.033) and FIQ‐R scores (p =.033) were significantly higher in Group 1 than Group 2. Headache was found more common in Group 1. Conclusion: This study unveils a substantial occurrence (67.5%) of IIH in FMS patients, suggesting shared pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to symptoms like fatigue, headache, and cognitive dysfunction. Additionally, these findings implicate heightened functional impairment, CS, headache, and fatigue in FMS patients with IIH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A composite method based on delta‐shaped basis functions and Lie group high‐order geometric integrator for solving Kawahara‐type equations
- Author
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Oruç, Ömer, primary and Polat, Murat, additional
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
36. Is radiological rotation measurement affected by the fracture pattern in pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures?
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Şahbat, Yavuz, primary, Baysal, Özgür, additional, Ağardil, Yücel, additional, Polat, Murat, additional, Büyüktopçu, Ömer, additional, Shammadli, Ziya, additional, Erol, Bülent, additional, and Akgülle, Ahmet Hamdi, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Economic analysis of beekeeping enterprises producing chestnut honey Black Sea region in Türkiye
- Author
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Polat, Murat, primary, Çevrİmlİ, Mustafa Bahadır, additional, Mat, Burak, additional, Akin, Ahmet Cumhur, additional, Arikan, Mehmet Saltuk, additional, and Tekİndal, Mustafa Agah, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Which Ischemic Stroke Subtype Is Associated with Hyperhomocysteinemia?
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Gungor, Levent, Polat, Murat, Ozberk, Mehlika Berra, Avci, Bahattin, and Abur, Ummet
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Emergencies in movement disorders
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AYGÜN, Dursun, primary and POLAT, Murat, additional
- Published
- 2023
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40. Clairaut pointwise slant submersion from locally product Riemannian manifolds
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POLAT, Murat, primary
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
41. Eğitimde Güncel Araştırmalar- III
- Author
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Baltacı, Önder; Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi, Özden, Suna; Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Maya, İlknur; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Balıkçı, Abdullah; İstanbul Üniversitesi, Bulut, Ahsen Seda; Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi, Çakmak, Başak; Doğuş Üniversitesi, Turhaner, Kübra; Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Polat, Murat; Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi, Gamsız Tunç, Özge; Adalet Bakanlığı, Batmaz, Özlem; Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Özdemir, Kamuran; Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Gürel, Ramazan; Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi, Baltacı, Önder; Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi, Özden, Suna; Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Maya, İlknur; Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Balıkçı, Abdullah; İstanbul Üniversitesi, Bulut, Ahsen Seda; Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi, Çakmak, Başak; Doğuş Üniversitesi, Turhaner, Kübra; Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Polat, Murat; Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi, Gamsız Tunç, Özge; Adalet Bakanlığı, Batmaz, Özlem; Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Özdemir, Kamuran; Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, and Gürel, Ramazan; Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi
- Abstract
This book aims to present the current researches of scientists by bringing together studies related to sub-disciplinary areas specific to the basic field of educational sciences and teacher training. We have completed our "Educational Sciences Research" series, which we have created in line with the intense demand from the academicians of this field, with five books. We named our new series "Current Research in Education". Our book aims to be a source of inspiration for academicians who want to do research especially in the field of educational sciences and teacher training. We also think that it can be used as a useful resource for readers. We would like to thank the authors who contributed to the book and everyone who contributed to its preparation., Bu kitap, eğitim bilimleri ve öğretmen yetiştirme temel alanına özgü alt disiplin alanları ile ilgili çalışmaları bir araya getirerek, bilim insanlarının güncel araştırmalarını sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu alanın akademisyenleri tarafından gelen yoğun talebi doğrultusunda oluşturduğumuz “Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları” serimiz beş kitap ile tamamladık. Yeni serimize “Eğitimde Güncel Araştırmalar” adını verdik. Kitabımız, özellikle eğitim bilimleri ve öğretmen yetiştirme alanında araştırma yapmak isteyen akademisyenlere ilham kaynağı olmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca, okurlar için faydalı bir kaynak olarak da kullanılabileceğini düşünüyoruz. Kitabın ortaya çıkmasında yazılarıyla katkı sunan yazarlara ve hazırlanmasında emeği geçen herkese teşekkür ederiz.
- Published
- 2023
42. Determining the variables affecting the prices of animal products by the network analysis in Türkiye.
- Author
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AKIN, Ahmet Cumhur, POLAT, Murat, MAT, Burak, ÇEVRİMLİ, Mustafa Bahadır, ARIKAN, Mehmet Saltuk, ÖZEL, Zeynep, and TEKİNDAL, Mustafa Agah
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL products , *PRICES , *WHOLESALE price indexes , *FOREIGN exchange rates , *MARKET design & structure (Economics) - Abstract
Recently, Türkiye has seen significant increases in animal products and input prices. These recent increases in prices have made it even more important to examine the prices of animal products and their associated factors. This study aimed to reveal the pattern network structure and characteristics of the prices of animal products and related variables for the 2010-2020 period in Türkiye. For this aim, a network analysis covered the prices of animal products, input prices used in producing these foods, and some economic variables. The study results revealed that Producer Price Index (PPI) and Agricultural PPI are key variables that are highly active in the network and act as a bridge between other unconnected variables. In addition, the results of the analysis suggest that the overall network consists of highly correlated variables and that the PPI and Agricultural PPI are the two most important variables. As a result, the pattern network structure shows that economic variables have a high impact on the prices of animal products. The network structure visualizes Türkiye's import-substitution model in animal production and foreign dependency on feed inputs, and the market structure affected by high exchange rates. In addition, as can be understood from the positive connections between feed inputs, the pattern network of the variables affecting the prices of animal products is largely shaped by feed prices and the internal dynamics of economic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Design and manufacture of computer-controlled wear device for biomedical material: A different ambient pH experimental application.
- Author
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Yilmaz, Efe and Polat, Murat
- Subjects
BIOMEDICAL materials testing ,COMPOSITE materials ,WEAR resistance ,MICROHARDNESS ,VICKERS hardness ,MICROSTRUCTURE - Abstract
Background: The wear resistance of biomaterials determined in experimental studies will have a major impact on material selection in clinical applications. Because the experimental determination of optimum material behavior will provide a more comfortable treatment process in clinical terms. Methods: In this study, a computer-controlled device with rotating parts that can determine the abrasion resistance of biomaterials placed in the human mouth has been design and manufacture in the experimental study. The periodic wear behavior of biomaterials placed in the human mouth was determined by the experiments carried out on this device. Test specimen was stored in the distill water for 7 days before the wear test procedures. Then, the composite test specimen was subjected to 15N wear force, 10.000 rotating wear cycle, 37°C ambient temperature, 2 Hz wear frequency immersed drinking water (about pH = 7.7), and citric acid solution (about pH = 3.2). Al 2 O 3 balls were used as antagonist materials in every wear test procedure (d = 6 mm). Composite test specimen's microhardness values were determined with Vickers hardness method before wear test procedures. Results: With the data obtained in this study, it was observed that the composite biomaterial had more wear volume scar loss in the acidic environment. Conclusion: In addition, it was observed in the microstructure analyses that the designed device affected the wear area, thus it was proved that the device remained in the optimum region throughout the wear test procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Clairaut semi invariant submersions from locally product Riemannian manifolds
- Author
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POLAT, Murat, primary
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. ŞİKÂYET DEFTERLERİ VE BELGELERİ ÇÖZÜMLENMESİNE ALGORİTMASAL BİR YAKLAŞIM
- Author
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POLAT, Murat
- Subjects
Social ,Sosyal ,Şikâyet defteri,Ahkâm defteri,Mühimme defteri - Abstract
Merkez ya da taşrada kadime aykırı iş ve işlemler, legal ya da illegal yapılanmaların, kanunları istismarı sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır. Yerel mahkemede haksızlığı giderilemeyen Osmanlı tebaası, resmî ya da gayrı resmî yapıların istismarına maruz kaldığında İstanbul'da hak arama mücadelesine girişmiştir. Hak arama çabaları genellikle Divan-ı Hümayun'a başvuru yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Mağdurun hakkını teslim etmek için Divan-ı Hümayun'da görüşülen şikâyetler önce mühimme defterlerine yazılmış, sonrasında ise imparatorluğun her köşesinden yapılan şikâyetler önceleri mühimme defterlerine sonraları ise şikâyet defterlerine kaydedilmiştir. Bu nedenle şikâyet defterleri, Divan-ı Hümayun defterleri arasında yer alan önemli defterlerdendir. Şikâyet defterleri, kanunların uygulanmasındaki aksaklıkları göstermesi, devlet görevlilerinin, ya da nüfuzlu, zengin, kudretli kişilerin kanunları çiğneyerek kendilerine iktidar alanları açmasını göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Osmanlı taşra idaresinin eyaletlerde en üst amiri olan beylerbeylerinin, livalarda sancak beyinin, kazalarda kadıların, subaşıların yaptıkları kamusal yolsuzluklar, keyfi uygulamalar, reayaya yapılan zulümler, Osmanlı vatandaşlarının yaptıkları şikâyetler ile bu defterlere girmiştir. Makale hazırlanırken atik şikâyet defterlerinin tamamı taranmıştır. Makale şikâyet defterleri hakkında genel bilgi vermek ve şikâyet defterlerinde yer alan şikâyetlerin algoritmasının oluşturulması vesikaların okunmasının kolaylaştırmak amacı ile hazırlanmıştır. Bu nedenle, bu makale şikâyet defterlerinin klavuzu niteliğindedir. Ahkâm defterleri şikâyet defterleri ile benzer özellik gösterirler. Bu manada makale ahkâm defterlerinin de klavuzu mesabesindedir. Şikâyet, ahkâm ve mühimme defterlerinin dil, üslup ve metinsel çözümlenmesinin hızlandırılması için bu makale yol gösterici olacaktır.
- Published
- 2022
46. “Kapsayıcı Eğitim” Mümkün Mü? Kapsayıcı Eğitim Dersini Alan Öğretmen Adaylarının Görüşlerinin Vignette Tekniği İle İncelenmesi
- Author
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POLAT, Murat, primary
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Evaluation of Immune Responses Following Whole Eye Transplantation
- Author
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Zor, Fatih, Polat, Murat, Kulahci, Yalcin, Kurt, Bulent, Battal, Bilal, and Gorantla, Vijay
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Q-METHODOLOGY AS A QUALIQUANTALOGICAL APPROACH AND REFLECTIONS ON ITS USABILITY IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHES
- Author
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POLAT, Murat
- Subjects
Bilgi, Belge Yönetimi ,Information Science and Library Science ,Q-Metodoloji,Nitel-Nicel Yaklaşımlar,Eğitim Araştırmaları,Eğitim Bilimleri ,Q-Methodology,Qualiquantalogical Approach,Educational Researches,Educational Sciences - Abstract
Bir sosyal bilim alanı olan eğitim bilimleri için gerçekleştirilen araştırmaların bulgularını ve sonuçlarını daha nitelikli hale getirmek adına yeni araştırma yaklaşımlarının geliştirilmesi süreci halen devam eden bir süreçtir. Bu süreçte hem nicel hem de nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından beslenerek geliştirilen Q-metodolojinin karma bir yöntem olarak araştırmacılara yarar sağlayacağı söylenebilir. Dolayısıyla bu derleme çalışmasında, öncelikle, nitel-nicel bir yaklaşım olarak Q-metodoloji ve genel özellikleri ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda Q-metodolojinin genel tanımı ve özelliklerine, nasıl uygulandığına, Q-metodolojide veri analizi ve yorumlanmasına, yöntemin günümüz eğitim araştırmalarıyla ilişki düzeyine değinilmiştir. Sonuçta Q-metodolojinin eğitim araştırmaları alanı için önemli bir yaklaşım olduğu ve özenle takip edilmesinin gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur., The process of developing new research approaches is still an ongoing process in order to make the findings and results of the researches carried out for educational sciences, a social science field, more qualified. In this process, it can be said that Q-methodology, which was developed by feeding from both quantitative and qualitative research approaches, will benefit researchers as a mixed method. Therefore, in this review, first, Q-methodology and its general features are discussed as a qualiquantalogical approach. In this context, the general definition and characteristics of Q-methodology, how it is applied, data analysis and interpretation in Q-methodology, the level of relationship of the method with today's educational research are mentioned. As a result, it was emphasized that Q-methodology is an important approach for the field of educational research and that it should be followed carefully.
- Published
- 2022
49. Examining the variables affecting the prices of animal-source foods by the network analysis method, the case of Turkey
- Author
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AKIN, Ahmet Cumhur, primary, POLAT, Murat, additional, MAT, Burak, additional, ÇEVRİMLİ, Mustafa Bahadır, additional, ARIKAN, Mehmet Saltuk, additional, ÖZEL, Zeynep, additional, and TEKİNDAL, Mustafa Agah, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. XVIII. Yüzyılda Şark Valilerinin İktidar Oyunları ve Bir Feodalin Güç Devşirmesi: Millilü Timur Paşa
- Author
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EKİNCİ, Abdullah and POLAT, Murat
- Subjects
Tarih ,History ,Milli Timur Pasha,A member of the Milli Tribe,Milli Tribe,Kelesh Abdi,Ruha,Raqqa province ,Milli Timur Paşa,Milli Aşireti,Keleş Abdi,Ruha,Rakka Eyaleti - Abstract
Timur Pasha, a member of the Milli Tribe, lived in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, which is described as the age of notables. Studies on Timur Pasha, a member of the Milli Tribe, are limited in number, and some information about him is incomplete and incorrect. With this study, it is aimed to correct the wrong information about Timur Pasha, who is a member of the Milli Tribe, and to complete the missing information about him. In addition, our research; Ruha, who was a member of the Milli Tribe, aimed to reveal the attitudes of the regional governors during the turmoil he caused in Diyarbakir, the defamatory propaganda made by the governors against each other, the bargains they made with Istanbul in response to the capture of Millilu Timur, and the bureaucratic jealousy. Despite Asitane's mobilization of the regional governors, National Timur was somehow captured because the regional governors could not act in coordination because they could not negotiate their positions or draw each other. The Governor of Baghdad, Süleyman Pasha, who was responsible for capturing Millilu Timur, made an agreement with Millilu Timur. The Governor of Baghdad, Süleyman Pasha, had this agreement accepted by Istanbul and ensured the pardon of National Timur and how he mediated the granting of the governorship of Raqqa to National Timur will be explained in the light of documents.In the study, documents registered in the inventory of the Ottoman Archives Department of the State Archive Presidency were mainly used., Millilü Timur Paşa ayanlar çağı olarak nitelendirilen 18. yy. sonu ile 19. yüzyıl başlarında yaşamıştır. Millilü Timur Paşa ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar, sınırlı sayıda, hakkındaki bazı bilgiler eksik ve yanlıştır. Bu çalışmayla Millilü Timur ile ilgili yanlış bilgilerin düzeltilmesi, hakkında eksik kalan bilgilerin tamamlanması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca araştırmamız; Millilü Timur'un Ruha, Diyarbakır'da çıkartmış olduğu karışıklıklarda bölge valililerinin takındıkları tutumları, valilerin birbirleri aleyhinde yapmış oldukları karalayıcı propagandaları ve Millilü Timur'u yakalamalarına karşılık İstanbul ile yaptıkları pazarlıkları ve bürokratik kıskançlıkları ortaya koymayı hedeflemiştir. Âsitane'nin bölge valilerini seferber etmesine karşılık, bölge valilerinin makam pazarlıkları ya da birbirlerini çekemedikleri için koordineli hareket edememeleri sebebiyle Millilü Timur bir türlü ele geçirilememiştir. Millilü Timur'u yakalamaktan sorumlu olan Bağdat Valisi Süleyman Paşa, Millilü Timur ile bir anlaşma yapmıştır. Bağdat Valisi Süleyman Paşa bu anlaşmayı İstanbul'a kabul ettirmiştir. Bağdat Valisi Süleyman Paşa, Millilü Timur'un affedilmesini sağlamıştır. Süleyman Paşa'nın Millilü Timur'a Rakka beylerbeyliğinin verilmesine nasıl aracı olduğu belgeler ışığında açıklanacaktır.Çalışmada ağırlıklı olarak Devlet Arşiv Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi Daire Başkanlığı dökümüne kayıtlı belgeler kullanılmıştır.
- Published
- 2022
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