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This study investigates the corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) practices of multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in the Libyan oil industry, particularly amidst significant political transformations within the host‐country (HSC). By examining these insights, we aim to shed light on how these corporations navigate and address CSRD considerations in a dynamic and politically evolving environment. To analyse these aspects, we employ various econometric models, including two‐stage least squares (2SLS) and propensity score matching (PSM). Our examination covers a dataset of 6000 data points representing 35 multinational oil corporations headquartered in 18 different home countries (HMCs) across five continents, spanning the years from 2008 to 2015. Our findings indicated that the level of institutional quality convergence between MNCs' HMCs and HSC significantly determines the extent of HSC‐related CSRD by MNCs. Additionally, the study emphasised that MNCs' internationalisation and business horizon within the HSC are critical factors influencing their CSRD in that country. The findings furthermore suggested that MNCs with a higher CSRD might exert an influence on the political decisions of their HMCs' governments concerning the political crisis in the HSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the dynamics of revenge in Vishal Bhardwaj's film adaptation of Shakespeare's play Hamlet as Haider. The study focuses on the relevance of revenge in storytelling, spanning centuries and cultures. Both Shakespeare's plays explore psychological, moral, and societal complexities surrounding the desire for vengeance. This study is qualitative in nature. Textual and Cinematic analysis have been conducted and data has been taken from primary and secondary sources. However, "Haider" is set in the conflict-ridden Kashmir region, presenting a unique perspective on vengeance. The film juxtaposes the motives for vengeance between the main characters, highlighting Haider's personal and intricate connection to the injustices of the conflict. The film's vivid visuals and cinematic methods anchor the narrative in a modern context, and Haider's choice to prioritize truthfulness connects with the Indian audience's desire for peace in the Kashmir issue. "Haider" exemplifies the ability to adapt and provide new viewpoints on enduring subjects while exploring the intricacies of seeking retribution within a particular geopolitical setting. Hamlet' delves into the political intrigue of Elizabethan England, while 'Haider' explores Kashmir conflict's impact. Hamlet's revenge stems from existential dilemmas, contrasting with Haider's rooted in personal and political turmoil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to dissect how Bhardwaj's trilogy (Maqbool, Omkara, and Haider) reflects Shakespearean themes while weaving in contemporary Indian social issues. Vishal Bhardwaj's celebrated trilogy reimagines Shakespeare's tragedies in modern India. This study delves into how these adaptations retain core themes while reflecting social issues like caste, corruption, and political conflict.This study is qualitative in nature. Textual and Cinematic analysis have been conducted and data has been taken from primary and secondary sources. Bhardwaj's films transplant Shakespeare's tragedies into the underbelly of contemporary India (mafia, politics, and insurgency). Shakespearean themes like ambition, betrayal, and revenge form the core, but they're colored by social hierarchy, corruption, and political turmoil. The study reveals a profound integration of Shakespearean themes into Vishal Bhardwaj's trilogy, transcending cultural boundaries to resonate deeply within the Indian context. Through nuanced exploration, it uncovers themes of power dynamics, betrayal, and human complexity, showcasing how Bhardwaj skillfully adapts these timeless elements to reflect contemporary societal issues. The results underscore the enduring relevance and universal appeal of Shakespeare's works, as interpreted through the lens of Indian cinema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internationalization of higher education has become a key policy within the global higher education sector. Yet a large body of literature suggests that simply having a diverse group of students does not guarantee meaningful intercultural engagement. This paper presents a qualitative study intended to gain a richer understanding of Hong Kong's higher education environment. In-depth interview data were collected from students of different cultural backgrounds and from academic, non-academic, and managerial staff at three Hong Kong universities. The data collection period covered local political turmoil in Hong Kong as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicate that, due to language barriers and potentially opposing political ideologies, all students faced challenges engaging with others who were culturally different from themselves. These findings can facilitate the development of an adaptable cross-institutional framework for meaningful intercultural learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The socio-cultural criticism of Jean Baudrillard (born 1929), spans from the political turmoil of France in the late-1960s, to the mediatised world of the 1990s and early 21st century.1 In this process his provocative work on the socio-political role of signs, symbolic exchange, simulation, and hyperreality has important implications for communication studies – and more specifically communication theory. The point is that with the “… greater mediatization of society … we are witnessing the virtualization of our world.”2 This contribution briefly reconstructs, firstly, two phases in Baudrillard’s intellectual career – phases that shifted from an early neo-Marxist critique of the modern consumer society to a post-Marxist or postmodern view of society (which include engagements with socio-anthropology; psychoanalysis, sociology, semiology and media theory), and eventually ends in a kind of anti-theory with an extreme fatal vision of the world.3 In section 2 the implications of these two shifts in Baudrillard’s intellectual career are contextualized in the field of media and communication studies – and specifically his concept of the “ecstasy of communication”. Finally (in Section 3) some critical remarks are made on Baudrillard’s fascinating, but problematic, project.

China and Pakistan's collaboration in attaining regional integration can alter the regional geopolitical and geostrategic dynamics. CPEC is the steps toward benefiting Pakistan, China, and the whole region. This article explored the regional actors' role in undermining and threatening the CPEC. Analysis of the secondary data revealed that India, Iran, Afghanistan, and the USA could create security problems for CPEC. Theoretical Framework, based on Behavioralist theory, was developed to investigate these security threats through the primary data collected through the structured questionnaire with the help of experts. The primary data also revealed that Iran and India have vital roles. The study also discussed suggestions and implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the impacts of complex political changes on the material and socio-cultural dimensions of the heritage gardens, which initially belonged to the nobilities of Shiraz. The paper scrutinises the factors that have altered the gardens' lives during the Festival of Arts in the 1960s, followed by the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Through employing interpretive-historical research methods and examining primary sources including memoirs, memos, documents, and interviews conducted with managers involved in heritage affairs, the paper details how political, social, and economic parameters affected the Shiraz gardens. While the political states interpreted the heritage differently, possible factors responsible for changing the life of gardens are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Thailand was plagued with serious political turmoil for many years. We would like to know whether this turmoil has had an impact on our chronic pain patients in terms of intensity of pain, stress and anxiety, as well as daily living and sleep. Material and Methods: Patients with at least 3 months of pain prior to 31 October 2013 (the date that the demonstrations started) were enrolled in this study. The data were collected from the patients who attended our pain clinic from December 2014 to May 2015. The patients were asked to complete a questionnaire on their severity of pain, stress and anxiety for the 3 different stages: prior to the demonstrations (period 1), during the demonstrations (period 2) and under military dictatorship or after the demonstrations (period 3). Results: There were 120 patients, 49 males (40.8%) and 71 females (59.2%). The mean age was 56.3±15.8 years old (range 18-88). The majority were Buddhist (108 patients, 90.0%) while 11 patients (9.2%) were Muslim and 1 patient (0.8%) was Christian. The mean duration of pain prior to the beginning of the demonstrations was 62.8 months (range 3-324 months). Regarding the pain score, the mean maximum pain score was significantly different between periods 1 (8), 2 (7.7) and 3 (6.8) (p-value

The average tourist's length of stay (LOS) is in a global decline. This downward trend underscores the need to study the factors that affect this variable in order to enable more effective management and marketing. This paper moves beyond the literature by investigating the determinants of international tourists' LOS in a Muslim destination amid political crisis. LOS was evaluated using a survival analysis approach with data from 726 international tourists in Tabriz, Iran to ascertain the significant factors influencing trip length. The results reveal that the determinant factors are as follows: socio-demographic profiles, trip characteristics, and destination attributes. In addition, political turmoil and religious regulations are pivotal factors in LOS. The empirical findings provide valuable theoretical contributions to researchers and actionable guidance to tourism managers and marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dirassat in Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For many researchers, conducting fieldwork can often form a significant component of data collection. With a rich history across many disciplines, fieldwork has received significant reflexive examination, notably around when it is conducted in dangerous areas or used for researching high‐risk situations. Less attended to, however, are the equally disruptive but less dangerous situations that researchers can face, such as conducting fieldwork during political turmoil. The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of political turmoil on fieldwork, and reflectively examine both the consequences of this and possible ways of mitigation. Through examining fieldwork notes and journals, the findings identified that despite political turmoil's significant disruption on processes of data collection, the researcher utilised notions of flexible positionalities and developed adaptive methodologies to circumvent these challenges. The paper provides new insights for managing the impact of disruption on fieldwork from political turmoil and encourages the continuation of publications focusing on reflective fieldwork accounts. This paper addresses a deficit within the reflexive fieldwork literature on accounts of disrupted data collection due to political turmoil. The findings identify how disruptions were navigated by utilising flexible positionalities and adaptive methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was twofold, firstly to determine the destination attractiveness of Zimbabwe as a tourist destination that would enable a stronger position post-political changes; and secondly, it sought to analyse the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on tourists’ perceptions of Zimbabwe’s attractiveness as a tourist destination. Data were collected using a demand survey from international tourists that visited Zimbabwe. A total of 500 questionnaires were administered and data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis and one way analysis of variances. The results revealed eight attractiveness factors for Zimbabwe as a destination faced with political challenges, of which destination amenities were rated as the most important. Mixed results concerning the influence of socio-demographic characteristics and tourists’ perceptions of destination attractiveness, were obtained. The most significant influencers were level of education and continent of residence with four direct influences on selected destination attractiveness factors. These findings contribute to the body of knowledge as this study is the first to document the influence of socio-demographic factors on the attractiveness of a destination in political turmoil. It can assist Zimbabwe, and similar destinations, in attracting selected markets based on the attractiveness of the destination.

Khaled Hosseini's Thousand Splendid Suns is a historical saga of the people who brave their domestic struggle with great resilience in the war ravaged Afghanistan. The novel offers several sites of contestation to debate about Politics, religion, culture and patriarchy. The personal struggle is entwined with the national struggle and the study reveals how men and women become the victims of this historical upheaval and assert the supremacy of humanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine effects of political turmoil on equity return, risk, and corporate governance of politically-connected firms in Egypt. Political strife leads to shifts in the balance of power among different factions. Our analysis shows that equity risk of firms connected to fractions encountering intense political rivalry and public discontent rose, without any compensating increase in return. Political tie that is neutral to regime changes exhibits lower risk. By examining agency-cost measures in different regimes, we find that political instability may exert disciplinary effects on connected shareholders' behavior. In our sample, expropriation in the connected firms became subdued during Egypt's unrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario del Instituto de Historia Argentina is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article addresses the previously understudied issue of protection within Christian missions, deepening the understanding of gender as a central factor in how protection has been understood in mission work. It takes four Scandinavian female missionaries, working as YWCA secretaries in Changsha, as its starting point for a discussion of perceptions of protection in times of unrest. The analysis spans the years 1917–1927, a politically turbulent period in the history of Hunan, with recurring outbursts of violence and increasing anti-foreign sentiments. During these periods of unrest, missionaries were put in positions in which they had to act not only as social and spiritual evangelists of the Christian gospel but also as security providers. This article investigates the complexity of perceptions of protection within discursive structures of gender and the ways in which the women navigated prevailing structures to provide protection for people they cared about and to attain influence over situations in which their control was endangered. The analysis focuses on the use of protective symbols, on the mission site as both protected and threatened space, and on the female missionary as both protecting guardian and in need of protection. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The research paper undertakes the historical perspective of the Constitutional Crisis in Pakistan from 1969-1971. It traces in detail the various stages of the constitutional making and its implications for the legislative, executive and sometimes in civilian terms. The paper also unfolds the facts which were at the force of political happening at that time and adequately explains the reasons for the political turmoil that was witnessed by the Pakistan during 1969-1971. With weak constitutional framework Pakistan was governed on the whims of the military and civilian leadership of that time period. The fall of Dacca, its reasons and its subsequent implications on the administrative and political machinery are also considered and analyzed in this research paper. Apart from political fall outs, the paper addresses the judicial undermining as a consequence of constitutional crisis, which eventual led to the notorious 'law of necessity' which has open the gates for the unconstitutional ascendancy to the political power. With the fall of East Pakistan and the declining of the power wielded by the military personnel the power was readily transferred to the political forces in 1971, which have fostered a kind of political stability and was primary aimed at strengthen the political institutions and was aimed at providing the viable constitutional stance where the government should rely upon and the future constitutional crisis could be averted. The paper has the analytical approach to highlight the successive constitutional crisis that Pakistan has witnessed from 1969-1971. The lesson learned through these constitutional crisis are shred with, so that the grieve political and administrative mistakes shouldn't be repeat at the peril of democratic spirit and which may eventually undermine the 'theory of separation of power' whereby the institutions have to restricted to their respective domains in order to check and balance the delicate equilibrium of the polity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]