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Smallholder fishery communities are acutely vulnerable to the impacts of climate variability, driven by their geographic exposure and heavy dependence on natural resources. This research aims to assess livelihood vulnerability to climate change in two coastal communities in Central Vietnam, employing the Livelihood Vulnerability Index informed by the IPCC framework (LVI-IPCC). Quantitative data were gathered through structured surveys with 750 fishing households, while qualitative data were derived from focus group discussions, expert interviews, and field notes. The findings reveal a moderate vulnerability level in both communities, with an LVI-IPCC score of 0.5. This study elucidates the significance of educational attainment in mitigating vulnerability, empirically demonstrating that enhanced scholastic achievement and training courses among household heads correlate significantly with improved climate risk literacy and adaptive capacity. Additionally, the study highlights the intricate interconnections among vulnerability drivers, including narrow asset portfolios, limited social networks, and restricted income sources, which collectively intensify household poverty. The results emphasise the imperative of integrating poverty reduction strategies into the development of climate adaptation programmes and community resilience policies. Key recommendations include implementing small-scale credit programmes, establishing disaster insurance schemes, promoting income diversification, and fostering stronger community cohesion. While grounded in the context of Vietnamese fishing communities, these insights offer a transferable framework for fostering resilience among similarly vulnerable populations globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review evaluates China's Rural Revitalization Policy, focusing on sustainable agriculture, food security, and poverty alleviation initiatives from 2010 to 2024. The study addresses critical gaps in understanding how these combined efforts impact long-term food security and ecological sustainability in impoverished areas, moving beyond the short-term outcomes often emphasized in existing literature. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we reviewed 33 peer-reviewed publications from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, employing bibliometric analyses in RStudio to assess citation patterns, collaboration networks, and thematic evolution. Our analysis reveals significant progress across three interconnected domains. First, poverty alleviation initiatives achieved a 12.3% reduction in rural poverty through integrated agricultural modernization and targeted support programs. Second, agricultural productivity increased by 9.8% through technological integration and sustainable farming practices, strengthening food security outcomes. Third, environmental sustainability improved notably, with a 15.7% increase in clean water access, demonstrating a successful balance between economic growth and ecological protection. China emerged as the largest contributor (15.2%) to research in this field, with substantial international collaboration (42.4% of publications involving cross-border co-authorship). Despite these achievements, significant regional disparities persist, particularly between eastern and western regions, where targeted interventions are needed. The findings highlight the need for regionally tailored approaches: eastern regions require focus on sustainable intensification, western regions need fundamental infrastructure development, and central regions would benefit from strengthened urban–rural linkages. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers working on rural development initiatives while identifying areas requiring further research, particularly in long-term sustainability assessments and climate resilience strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective forest management in India must address the economic needs of local communities, often displaced by restrictive policies. These marginalized local communities, despite their traditional knowledge, lack alternative income sources, necessitating integration into management or exploration of options like ecotourism. Recognized for balancing conservation and livelihood support, ecotourism offers a viable solution to enhance economic opportunities while conserving resources. This paper explores ecotourism's potential to boost local economies and examines how current management practices and alternative livelihoods can address resource scarcity in Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary, India. The study employed a combination of qualitative research methods, including semi-structured interviews, surveys, on-site observations, focus group discussions, and literature reviews, along with a cross-sectional survey approach that integrated both qualitative and quantitative data collection to provide comprehensive insights. The study reveals that impoverished communities near forests, reliant on indigenous knowledge and resources, have been severely affected by forest degradation and current management practices. The findings highlight community-based ecotourism as a promising solution for sustainable income generation in the region, helping to mitigate resource degradation and support sustainable development. However, the region's ecotourism potential is hindered by inadequate infrastructure, training & opportunities, and public awareness. Developing ecotourism as an alternative income source, alongside an inclusive forest management strategy that integrates social diversity, livelihood generation, and conservation, is essential for promoting nature conservation, reducing poverty, and enhancing the well-being of local communities. Strengthening non-agricultural livelihoods and preserving indigenous knowledge through ecotourism is crucial for effective resource management, while the study underscores the importance of community involvement in forest governance, offering valuable insights for policymakers and conservationists in developing sustainable management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the role of Social Financial Grants (SFGs) in poverty reduction in South Africa, focusing on their impact on economic stability and income inequality. Using a structured model, it explores both the direct and mediated effects of SFGs on poverty alleviation. Results indicate that SFGs significantly reduce poverty by decreasing income inequality and enhancing economic stability, key factors in a highly unequal society. Effective administration and expansion of SFGs could further benefit vulnerable populations. The study notes limitations, such as the need for longitudinal data to assess sustainability and attention to regional disparities. Recommendations include integrating SFGs with job training, improving distribution, and reducing stigma. Implications extend beyond South Africa, offering insights for other developing nations. Future research should investigate additional mediators and conduct comparative regional studies to optimise social grant programmes globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article explores the governance of social protection programs (SPPs) in alleviating poverty in Botswana, using stakeholder theory as a framework. It highlights that the governance of SPPs is an under-researched aspect of Botswana's social policy. Utilising an exploratory case study design and document analysis, the study examines governance strategies and the effectiveness of SPPs in combatting poverty and inequality. Findings indicate that while vulnerable groups benefit from SPPs, wealth distribution remains unequal, marginalising certain communities. Key governance strategies include stakeholder engagement, public awareness, and monitoring from the Department of Social Development. Challenges such as inadequate coordination among various government structures and capacity limitations for social workers are noted. The study calls for increased government transparency in social protection measures to address structural inequalities and empower citizens, contributing valuable insights for improving SPPs in Botswana and other emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the influence of non-government organizations (NGOs) on innovation and value creation at the bottom of the pyramid (BoP). We thoroughly examined numerous case studies. We chose six NGOs in India and collected data through interviews and secondary sources. The research findings indicate that NGOs operating in developing countries have a higher tendency to create sustainable business models that effectively empower communities at the BoP. In addition, these NGOs have the potential to enhance traditional rural clusters in order to promote inclusive growth, generate value at the BoP through innovation and develop the capacity of communities at the BoP. This study adds to the existing body of literature by examining the quadruple helix model in the context of BoP communities, specifically looking at the involvement of NGOs. In addition, we present a conceptual framework for examining the impact of NGOs on innovation and value creation at the BoP within the quadruple helix ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explored migration impacts to establish its poverty alleviation among stakeholders (migrants, origins, and destinations) in modern migration trends. The study would contribute to the ongoing debate about migration issues globally. The study adopted systematic literature review and search strings generated 992 hits. Screening revealed exclusion of 901, and inclusion of 91 articles, selected for literature review and write-up. The paper revealed that migration is one of the 'catalysts' used in the olden and modern days to curb poverty. Olden days, migrants migrated to economic activities areas: mining, fishing and farming communities. Nowadays, migrants leave their 'unfavourable' environments for destinations with favourable economic activities. Migrants add value to themselves by acquiring skills and training, earn income, and remit to their origins. These remittances are used to stimulate the local economy which has multiplier effects on non-migrants and migrant households through job creation. On migrants' return, skills and training acquired are implemented in the community, which equips the non-migrants. The study further revealed that migrants, just as entrepreneurs, possess personal traits, which motivate them to venture into entrepreneurship, wherever they find themselves. Migrants usually establish businesses in the destinations and create value-chain employment in the transport, security, and housing sectors. This stimulates the local economy and alleviates poverty. The paper concluded that migration, irrespective of how it is portrayed, contributes to poverty alleviation in both origins and destinations. Therefore, stakeholders should 'weave' migration through discussion, consultation, and collaboration to benefit all. Discussions should entail the basic type of cooperation, followed by structured dialogue involving the signing of MOUs, active participation, and working together. This process would deepen the triple-win concept since border tightening, deportation, and harassment would not deter migrants from migrating to places of their choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the potential of rabbits as a sustainable solution for poverty alleviation and food security in Burkina Faso, a country facing socio-economic and environmental challenges. In the context of limited resources and employment opportunities, rabbits offer advantages such as small size, short generation interval and high reproductive capacity. The research focuses on characterising the morphology of Burkina Faso's local rabbit population, comparing it with two Italian breeds: a local medium-growing breed called Leprino di Viterbo (LV) and a fast-growing hybrid (a crossbred New Zealand × California, NZC). Utilising path analysis and principal component analysis, the study identifies key morphometric traits crucial for breeding programs and examines the influence of specific traits on body weight (BW) gain and heat stress resilience through 'Transpiration Indexes.' Findings highlight the importance of variables like chest girth (CG), abdominal girth (AG), rump width (RW) and nose to shoulders length (NSL) in influencing body weight (BW) and reveal significant size and shape differences among the breeds. The study suggests potential climate adaptation in Burkina Faso's rabbit population, providing practical insights for breeding programs in resource-constrained regions. This research not only advances scientific understanding but also provides practical insights for breeding programs in resource-constrained regions, emphasising the importance of certain morphological traits for heat dissipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of oil production on economic development and poverty alleviation from 1990 to 2022. As one of Africa's largest oil producers, Nigeria has witnessed significant economic changes due to its oil wealth; however, this has not translated into equitable growth or substantial poverty reduction. The study aims to analyze the effects of inflation rates, tariffs, and literacy rates on economic development and poverty alleviation. Analytical methods include the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, cointegration test and First Difference ARDL model. The study reveals that despite generating substantial oil revenues, over 40% of Nigerians live below the poverty line, underscoring the phenomenon of the "resource curse." Furthermore, it identifies gaps in policy effectiveness, local community engagement, and long-term economic sustainability. By analyzing the relationship between oil production and socio-economic outcomes, this paper calls for targeted policy interventions that prioritize equitable wealth distribution and sustainable development strategies to mitigate poverty in Nigeria. The study emphasizes the need for economic diversification and balanced sectoral development to optimize economic potential and enhance welfare in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of microfinance on poverty alleviation and compares the effects of both Islamic and conventional microfinance for poverty alleviation. Design/Methodology/Approach: This cross-sectional research has adopted a quantitative research design, and a survey research strategy has been used for collecting data from microfinance clients. The data are analyzed through SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: Both Islamic and conventional microfinance are found to be helpful in poverty alleviation, wherein Islamic microfinance is found to be more suitable for poverty alleviation than the conventional microfinance. Originality/Significance: This study represents the initial attempt to comprehensively compare the efficacy of Islamic and conventional microfinance in alleviating poverty, based on the available knowledge. Additionally, it emphasizes the significant impact of Islamic microfinance on poverty alleviation. Research Limitations/Implications: This study provides useful implications to policymakers and practitioners for improving microfinance strategies aiming to fulfill the objective of poverty alleviation. Further, it provides policy recommendations for microfinance institutions, donors in the microfinance sector, and the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This case study focuses on an alternative minimum-security model, the Safety Income (SI) Model, representing a nuanced departure from both established policies and UBI. StI is a welfare system that supplements households earning below the standard median income with 50% of the difference between the standard median and their current earnings. The quantitative case study presents the set-up of SI and assesses the cost of its implementation in South Korea. By employing a computable general equilibrium model method, the study compares the impacts of SI, UBI and the existing scheme in South Korea on income disparities, labor market outcomes and Gross Domestic Product. Design/methodology/approach: In the past decade, the Universal Basic Income (UBI) concept has gained international significant traction as a potential remedy for poverty and inequality. However, the practical implications of UBI implementation remain under extensive debate. It is unclear if UBI is an effective model for poverty alleviation. Findings: The analyses show that SI outperforms the other two welfare systems across all studied economic indicators. SI demonstrates more substantial reductions in income inequality compared with UBI and the existing scheme, minimal impact on unemployment rates compared with other schemes and a relatively modest decrease in GDP, making it a more favorable choice for South Korea when developing the minimum-security system within the specified budget constraint. Originality/value: This research contributes to the discourse surrounding basic income, economic security, poverty alleviation and inclusive social policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Smallholder Irrigation Revitalisation Programme (SIRP), a seven-year programme which started in 2016 and ended in 2023, is one recent initiative rolled out in Zimbabwe to improve smallholder irrigation in arid to semi-arid areas. The main goal of the SIRP was to help rural households become resilient to the effects of climatic change and economic volatility while simultaneously achieving food and nutrition security. This study aimed to assess the impact of SIRP on the Exchange irrigation scheme in Kwekwe District, Zimbabwe. Quantitative and qualitative data collection instruments, namely a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs), were used to obtain responses from the participants. A multistage cluster sampling method was used, and 134 irrigators, or 13.6% of the irrigators, were sampled from a sampling frame of 982 scheme beneficiaries. A purposive sampling method was used to select 25 critical stakeholders for FGDs. Data was processed using SPSS software. Bar charts and tables were utilised to display the frequency distributions of responses graphically. Also, frequency distributions were used to summarise the response counts and percentages for each survey question. Results obtained established that while not without difficulties, smallholder irrigation has the potential to dramatically increase the incomes and quality of life for lowincome rural communities in developing countries like Zimbabwe. The study concluded that despite the current challenges, SIRP is bringing about poverty alleviation and improving the livelihoods of the Exchange irrigation scheme households and the irrigation scheme's water use efficiency and profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the widespread use of the Internet in rural areas provides new opportunities for economic growth, whether and how rural women benefit from it remains a question. Guided by Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 and its targets, this study examines the impact of Internet use on rural women's income by using survey data from 1384 rural households in underdeveloped areas of China. The results indicate that Internet use can significantly increase rural women's income in underdeveloped areas. Additionally, the income effects of Internet use are heterogeneous across the different purposes of Internet use, income levels, individual characteristics, and family characteristics. Further analysis reveals that increasing labor input and enhancing capital endowment are two important channels through which Internet use increases rural women's income. The results offer further empirical support for policymakers to utilize the Internet to increase rural women's income and contribute to poverty alleviation in underdeveloped areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background For centuries, urban agriculture has been a vital livelihood strategy of urban households in developing countries. Previous studies looked at urban agriculture at a point in time as an urban livelihood for the urban poor that struggle with eking out a living, without the current dynamism, which attracts the non-poor into the practice. Having become an integral part of the urban economy, the study objective was to use poultry farming, to explore the role of urban agriculture as an evolved and dynamic urban livelihood that attracts the non-poor. Methods The study was conducted in Kampala, Uganda’s capital city. The unit of analysis were urban farming households. Data were collected through four (4) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), sixteen (16) key informants and twenty (20) In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected for a period of two (2) months using unstructured research instruments, triangulated and thematically analysed. Results Our results indicate that; urban agriculture is an evolving urban activity. This evolution and continuities were driven by the merits of urban agriculture (food, jobs and income) to urban dwellers. Urban agriculture also contributed to the economic inclusion of women and the urban poor. There was household resource logic in practicing urban agriculture, especially in the private sector, where jobs were scarce. In view of these innovations, the urban authorities were supporting urban farmers with demonstrations and certified inputs for farmers in Kampala and beyond. To further develop urban agriculture, it is recommended that farmers organize themselves into viable groups to further realize corporate advantages such as better resource access such as affordable financing, access to better inputs and linkages with various institutions and stakeholders in production, value addition, policy and marketing for better returns and sustainable farming practices. Conclusions These findings if used in perspective by planners and regional managers have utility for the anchoring of urban agriculture in the urbanisation agenda for Uganda and beyond. It is envisaged that, stakeholders can draw useful actions relating to sustainable urban food production (consumer food shed), waste management, incomes, job creation, training, research and innovations in urban areas.

Small-scale fishermen on the southern coast of Java face various challenges, including structural poverty, limited market access, and low understanding of financial management and digital marketing. Additionally, they are affected by climate change, which has led to decreased catch yields and heightened safety risks. A lack of innovation in processing their catch and limitations in marketing strategies further exacerbate their economic conditions. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Entrepreneurial Marketing Processes (EMP) as an approach to enhance the welfare and reduce poverty among small-scale fishermen by improving the financial performance of fishing communities. Using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study evaluates the effects of reputation, cost advantage, differentiation, innovation, and financial performance of small-scale fishermen, involving 100 small-scale fishermen respondents. The findings show that innovation and corporate reputation significantly influence cost advantage and product differentiation, which ultimately improve the financial performance of fishermen. The implementation of EMP has proven effective in helping small-scale fishermen maximize market opportunities, increase efficiency, and create value-added products. The resulting policy recommendations are expected to assist in the development of poverty alleviation programs focused on empowering fishermen through innovative and sustainable marketing strategies.

Abstract Many models depicting the spatial dimensions of poverty are based on cities in developed countries, raising questions about their appropriateness for urban spaces in developing countries. This study evaluates the spatial suitability of these models in understanding poverty distribution and informing alleviation efforts related to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). One in cities of developing nations. A grid sampling technique in ArcGIS 10.8 was used to select 1098 households across 56 wards in three mid-sized Nigerian cities. Household data were collected through structured questionnaires using GeoODK, and Maxar high-resolution imagery was used to assess urban building density. The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices and Pearson correlation were applied for analysis. Results showed that over 29 wards had a poverty incidence and gap index greater than 0.20, while poverty severity remained below 0.20 in most wards. High building density was more prevalent in the city’s interior. Significant correlations were found between the income poverty gap (p = 0.005, r = 0.367), poverty severity (p = 0.009, r = 0.346), and building density. The study concludes that these models are suitable for informing poverty alleviation policies in mid-sized cities of developing countries, especially Nigeria.

Abstract Background Poverty is a key social determinant of mental health among forcibly displaced persons. This study aimed to design and pilot test a strategy to integrate existing mental health and economic inclusion interventions for displaced families in Ecuador. Methods We conducted a series of qualitative interviews (n = 30), focus groups (n = 6), and workshops (n = 3) to develop a set of strategies for integrating cross-cutting and focused mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) strategies into an existing economic inclusion program for displaced families in Quito. We non-randomly assigned two field offices in Quito to (1) integrate cross-cutting strategies focused on improving economic outcomes or (2) integrate both those cross-cutting strategies plus focused MHPSS strategies into an economic inclusion program. We measured site-level implementation outcomes (adoption, appropriateness, acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, reach, retention, usability) and participant-level psychosocial (wellbeing, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, functioning) and economic inclusion outcomes (financial resources, diet diversity, social capital/networks, self-reliance) over six months. We conducted a mixed-methods analysis to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the integration strategies and the ability to evaluate their effects in a future cluster randomized trial. Results We developed a toolkit that included 10 strategies for integrating MHPSS into economic inclusion interventions. Fifty displaced persons participating in an existing economic inclusion program (25 per study condition) were enrolled and 88% remained in the study through the six-month follow-up. Participants and implementers reported that the integration strategy was appropriate, acceptable, feasible, and usable. Implementers, including people without prior experience in delivering mental health services, were able to deliver the intervention with high fidelity. Integration of focused MHPSS intervention components into an economic inclusion program appeared to improve MHPSS outcomes, the strength of social capital and networks, and engagement in economic and other programs. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence of the acceptability and feasibility of integrating MHPSS into economic inclusion programs for displaced people. We found evidence supporting evaluation methods that can be employed in a future study to definitively test the added value of integrated approaches to mental health and economic wellbeing for displaced persons.

In Sri Lanka, poverty has been one of the most pressing social issues over the past decade. This research examines zakat fundraising strategies and analyzes zakat distribution patterns in Maruthamunai, Sri Lanka, where Muslims constitute the dominant ethnic group. The current role of zakat in Maruthamunai is crucial in alleviating poverty. Primary data for this study included annual fundraising and distribution reports from the Zakat Fund, covering the years 2019 to 2023. As part of this qualitative research, unstructured interviews were conducted with the president, general secretary, deputy president, assistant secretary, members, and prominent individuals in the region. Data analysis was conducted using coding and is presented descriptively through the maqasid sharia approach. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of zakat funds in Maruthamunai has been less effective due to several factors, including insufficient receipt of zakat funds and inadequately structured internal distribution policies. Policymakers should focus on prioritizing the primary level of welfare needs (mashlahah dharuriyyah). Within this framework, the maqasid sharia perspective emphasizes the development of human resources as a priority over material development. Therefore, despite the relatively high poverty rate, the objectives of preserving religion, safeguarding human life, ensuring generational continuity, protecting intellect, and promoting wealth circulation can still be effectively pursued.

Abstract To synergize climate mitigation with poverty alleviation, China has implemented photovoltaic poverty alleviation (PVPA) projects since 2014, with Anhui Province being among the initial pilot regions. However, further exploration is needed to determine the extent to which this policy can improve the economic status of poverty-stricken areas. This study aims to evaluate the effects of PVPA projects in Anhui Province from a macroscopic perspective and via the panel data from 11 poverty-stricken counties, including 5 pilot counties, between 2011 and 2018. By employing the differences-in-differences (DID) model and synthetic control method (SCM) model, this study calculated the treatment effects of the PVPA policy. The analysis revealed that the policy did not significantly increase rural residential income at the county level. The insignificant treatment effects reflect a weak policy implementation. The PVPA policy tries to synergize the energy-climate-poverty nexus, requiring the coordination of various stakeholders and departments. Meanwhile, governance theory highlights the multivariate character of policy and considers the role of multiple social actors. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the governance factors when the policy implementation is weak. Further investigation of the PVPA projects reveals that the main governance challenges include insufficient motivation, information asymmetry, conflicts of interest, renewable energy curtailment, and the absence of proper maintenance and benefit distribution mechanisms. Considering the principles of good governance, recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of the PVPA policy are proposed.

Abstract Background The ambitious expansion of social health insurance in China has played a crucial role in preventing and alleviating poverty caused by illness. However, there is no government-sponsored health insurance program specifically for younger children and inequities are more pronounced in healthcare utilization, medical expenditure, and satisfaction in some households with severely ill children. This study assessed the effectiveness of child health insurance in terms of alleviating poverty caused by illness. Methods Data were collected from two rounds of follow-up surveys using the China Family Panel Studies 2016 and 2018 child questionnaires to investigate the relationship between child health insurance and household medical impoverishment (MI). Impoverishing health expenditure (IHE) and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) were measured to quantify “poverty due to illness” in terms of absolute and relative poverty, respectively. Propensity score matching with the difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) method, robustness tests, and heterogeneity analysis were conducted to address endogeneity issues. Results Social health insurance for children significantly reduced household impoverishment due to illness. Under the shock of illness, the incidences of IHE and CHE were significantly lower in households with insured children. The poverty alleviation mechanism transmitted by children enrolled in social health insurance was primarily driven by hospitalization reimbursements and the proportion of out-of-pocket medical payments among the total medical expenditure for children. Conclusions Children’s possession of social health insurance significantly reduced the likelihood of household poverty due to illness. The poverty-reducing effect of social medical insurance is most significant in rural areas, low-income families, no-left-behind children, and infants. Targeted poverty alleviation strategies for marginalized groups and areas would ensure the equity and efficiency of health system reforms, contributing to the goal of universal health insurance coverage in China.

The basic financial-administrative document of the government, referred to as the budget, has now found an important and high-ranking position in light of new studies and evolving relationships of governance and regulation. Fewer institutions and public services can be found in the budget without appropriate representation and established rules and figures. In this context, the budget can play a key role in realizing the government's goals. Among these noble aims is poverty alleviation, which involves addressing the causes and factors of production, as well as the promotion of poverty, with the government's involvement. Pesharavi's writing sought to identify the potential capabilities and capacities for preparing and adjusting the poverty alleviation budget by employing a meta-analysis method and utilizing library resources within an interdisciplinary framework. This approach facilitates explanation and analysis. The findings of this research indicate that achieving poverty alleviation and expanding justice through budget tools and their associated rulings and figures requires strategies such as budget transparency, regionalism and localization, fair distribution, and the reduction of hidden subsidies. Additionally, he emphasized the creation and unification of poverty alleviation institutions. Although each of the strategies discussed in the research needs to be studied separately and in detail, it is also essential to consider the political and administrative geography of governments and the economic theories embedded in their legal and management systems when applying these strategies to the budgeting systems of each country.

Over the years, microfinance programs have been the major strategy of many developing countries to improve people’s welfare and reduce poverty. Yet several studies on the welfare impacts of microfinance result in contradictory conclusions. While some studies support the mainstream view that microfinance improves the welfare of the unbankable poor, others criticize its limited effect on business development and weak impact measurement methods. This study analyzes 409 articles to bridge the empirical gaps between mainstream and critical views of microfinance impacts on society through synthesizing major themes in existing research and their interconnections and provides recommendations for future research. Using bibliometric and systematic literature review (SLR) approaches, this study found five clusters of empirical research on microfinance impacts, including entrepreneurship and poverty alleviation; self-help groups and women empowerment; financial inclusion; household income; and community welfare. The study also suggests that microfinance programs have positive impacts on welfare across countries. However, future research needs to more deeply focus on the impact of microfinance programs on agricultural finance, specifically financial efficiency, and social efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poverty is a key social determinant of mental health among forcibly displaced persons. This study aimed to design and pilot test a strategy to integrate existing mental health and economic inclusion interventions for displaced families in Ecuador. Methods: We conducted a series of qualitative interviews (n = 30), focus groups (n = 6), and workshops (n = 3) to develop a set of strategies for integrating cross-cutting and focused mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) strategies into an existing economic inclusion program for displaced families in Quito. We non-randomly assigned two field offices in Quito to (1) integrate cross-cutting strategies focused on improving economic outcomes or (2) integrate both those cross-cutting strategies plus focused MHPSS strategies into an economic inclusion program. We measured site-level implementation outcomes (adoption, appropriateness, acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, reach, retention, usability) and participant-level psychosocial (wellbeing, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, functioning) and economic inclusion outcomes (financial resources, diet diversity, social capital/networks, self-reliance) over six months. We conducted a mixed-methods analysis to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the integration strategies and the ability to evaluate their effects in a future cluster randomized trial. Results: We developed a toolkit that included 10 strategies for integrating MHPSS into economic inclusion interventions. Fifty displaced persons participating in an existing economic inclusion program (25 per study condition) were enrolled and 88% remained in the study through the six-month follow-up. Participants and implementers reported that the integration strategy was appropriate, acceptable, feasible, and usable. Implementers, including people without prior experience in delivering mental health services, were able to deliver the intervention with high fidelity. Integration of focused MHPSS intervention components into an economic inclusion program appeared to improve MHPSS outcomes, the strength of social capital and networks, and engagement in economic and other programs. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence of the acceptability and feasibility of integrating MHPSS into economic inclusion programs for displaced people. We found evidence supporting evaluation methods that can be employed in a future study to definitively test the added value of integrated approaches to mental health and economic wellbeing for displaced persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa has one of the most extensive social assistance systems among developing countries; however, the proportion of the population below the national poverty lines remains relatively high. Thus, we develop a micro-macro framework to assess the economic growth implications of expanding South Africa's social grant system under alternative conditions. We find that conditional poverty-alleviation social transfers foster growth while unconditional redistribution towards lower-income earners can hinder economic growth. From policy perspectives, we show that the transfer of purchasing power to extremely poor beneficiaries and their economic participation are required for poverty-alleviation social transfers to have positive economic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many models depicting the spatial dimensions of poverty are based on cities in developed countries, raising questions about their appropriateness for urban spaces in developing countries. This study evaluates the spatial suitability of these models in understanding poverty distribution and informing alleviation efforts related to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). One in cities of developing nations. A grid sampling technique in ArcGIS 10.8 was used to select 1098 households across 56 wards in three mid-sized Nigerian cities. Household data were collected through structured questionnaires using GeoODK, and Maxar high-resolution imagery was used to assess urban building density. The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices and Pearson correlation were applied for analysis. Results showed that over 29 wards had a poverty incidence and gap index greater than 0.20, while poverty severity remained below 0.20 in most wards. High building density was more prevalent in the city's interior. Significant correlations were found between the income poverty gap (p = 0.005, r = 0.367), poverty severity (p = 0.009, r = 0.346), and building density. The study concludes that these models are suitable for informing poverty alleviation policies in mid-sized cities of developing countries, especially Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a poverty alleviation (PA) agricultural product supply chain with an e-commerce platform, a farmer in poor areas, and a farmer in other general areas, where the platform with corporate social responsibility and consumers both have supporting preferences for poor areas. We investigate the optimal strategies by further considering logistics cost difference between the poor areas and other areas. The results indicate that the platform and consumers' supporting preferences are both beneficial to improve the poor farmer's profit, while they may decrease the sales quantity and the price of general agricultural products. In addition, the high logistics cost of poor areas has negative impacts on the sales of PA agricultural products and the poor farmer's profit. By virtue of some numerical analysis, we further discover that the platform's profit improves with its supporting preference only when consumers' supporting preference is relatively large, or when the platform and consumers' supporting preferences are both relatively small. In addition, the consumer surplus always improves with supporting preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government‐initiated campaign for targeted poverty alleviation (TPA) not only affords corporations an opportunity to extend their presence into underdeveloped regions but also imposes a consequential burden upon them to contribute to ameliorating poverty. Firms' motivations in this endeavor are intricately linked to the alignment of their business strategies with the TPA activities. We posit that firms adopting a cost leadership approach are inclined to actively partake in poverty alleviation, due to a congruence between their strategic positioning and the activities intrinsic to poverty alleviation. And firms embracing a differentiation strategy are impelled by extrinsic pressures to engage in poverty alleviation, as they face heightened societal expectations regarding their involvement in such altruistic endeavors. Drawing from a dataset comprising Chinese listed firms from 2017 to 2020, our empirical findings bring to light a significant correlation between both cost leadership and differentiation strategies and firms' contributions to the TPA campaign. And, the impact of a cost leadership strategy on firms' involvement in poverty alleviation activities surpasses that of a differentiation strategy. This influence is further accentuated for firms contending with rivals pursuing a differentiated approach in the competitive landscape, which may block their way moving upmarket. Moreover, the nexus between a differentiation strategy and a firm's participation in poverty alleviation gains more strength where local government intervention in the economy is more pronounced. This study delves into the nuanced motivations that underpin firms' participation in the TPA campaign within the framework of business strategies, offering insights for both policymakers and business practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Understanding the diverse livelihood strategies of herder households, as well as the factors that shape these strategies, is crucial for advancing sustainable development in pastoral area and combating rural poverty. This study aims to assess the livelihood strategies employed by herder households, categorize the diverse types of household livelihood strategies, and elucidate the asset factors that influence households' choices of livelihood strategies. Data were collected from a sample comprising 136 herder households, selected through a random sampling method from 7 villages situated within the traditional pasture territory of southwestern Iran. Using a 2-step cluster analysis based on the share of household income, 2 distinct livelihood strategies were recognized: income originating from farm animal–related products and activities (Cluster 1) and diversified livelihoods strategies (Cluster 2). The findings indicated that a majority of households (58.82%) relied exclusively on livestock-related products and activities for their income. Households possessing greater rangeland and farmland as indicators of natural capital (β = 5.184, P = 0.004) as well as those with more livestock, which serves as physical capital (β = 2.914, P = 0.042), demonstrated a heightened likelihood of adopting livelihood strategies centered on livestock-related products and activities. Conversely, households with higher levels of education indicative of human capital (β = –2.770, P = 0.027) were less inclined to pursue this type of livelihood strategy. The study highlights the prevalence of impoverished households in 2 livelihood strategy clusters, with a notably higher percentage of extremely poor herder households identified in Cluster 1 (27.5%) than Cluster 2 (10.7%). The findings suggest that the government should consider implementing measures to transition nonfarm animal–related products and activities into a sustainable livelihood option. Furthermore, it is recommended that policies supporting diversified livelihood strategies take precedence in efforts to break the cycle of poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty reduction is the primary goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Enhancing the purchase rate of health insurance is essential for alleviating poverty caused by health shocks, as it serves as a crucial risk management tool for addressing health-related risks. In this paper, we investigate the impact of digital inclusive finance on household participation in terms of health insurance and financial vulnerability, utilizing the Digital Inclusive Finance Index developed by Peking University and survey data from the China Household Finance Survey. Our findings indicate that the advancement of digital inclusive finance can significantly reduce the risk of household financial vulnerability by increasing household health insurance enrollment rate. The findings are robust across various digital inclusive finance indices, different metrics for financial vulnerability, alternative econometric models, and additional control variables. Furthermore, the effects of digital inclusive finance on health insurance enrollments and household financial vulnerability are particularly pronounced among urban households and those led by younger and more risk-averse household heads. Our findings advocate for further development of digital inclusive finance, mainly targeted at rural households and those with elderly heads, to enhance health insurance participation and mitigate the risk of illness-related poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmland transfer-out is essentially a process of the rural land resource allocation, and it is also of great importance to farmers' poverty alleviation. The practice of farmland transfer-out in China is generally manifested as farmland expropriation and farmland lease. Based on the survey data of 832 poverty counties in China, this paper empirically analyzed the effects of farmland lease and expropriation on poverty alleviation. The results showed that farmland expropriation and lease in poverty areas could increase farmers' household income and poverty alleviation, and this conclusion was still valid after instrumental variable estimation and robustness test. Moreover, farmland expropriation significantly promoted the growth of entrepreneurship income and the decrease of farm income, but did not significantly impact non-farm income. However, farmland lease significantly promoted the growth of entrepreneurial income and non-farm income, but was negatively correlated with farm income. It should be noted that farmers' entrepreneurship strengthened the positive role of farmland expropriation on poverty alleviation, while it did not play a significant role in the relationship between farmland lease and poverty alleviation. Further research showed that the farmland expropriation and lease in poverty areas improved individual well-being through poverty alleviation, and the farmers' entrepreneurship in poverty areas strengthened this positive effect. This study provides empirical evidence for farmers in poverty areas to achieve poverty alleviation and improve individual subjective well-being through farmland transfer-out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contributions of entrepreneurs to wellbeing have been recognised in both industrialised and non)industrialised nations for engaging in solving socio-economic issues. In both economies, financial knowledge seems to be a significant instrument for assisting entrepreneurs, especially women, and other latent entrepreneurs to attain access to finance and reinforce money management skills. However, there is a lack of commitment to understand challenges affecting women’s economic activities. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of financial knowledge on the economic empowerment of women entrepreneurs in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This study utilised a quantitative research design rooted in positivism philosophy. The study focused on surveying 500 women entrepreneurs including refugees and migrants, ultimately receiving responses from 400 participants. Respondents were selected using convenience quota sampling technique who are operating in the Durban Metropolitan areas. A Likert Scale model has been used in the quantitative questions and respondents had to select answers to the close-ended questions. With the help of 10% of the participants who served as pilot respondents and research professionals in the area of entrepreneurship, the instrument was updated and modified. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 was used to cross-check, clean, code, and analyze data collected from the target population. The findings show that entrepreneurial activities empower women economically, poor business skills such as insufficient financial literacy skills, access to finance, education and training hinder their economic development. Recognising the valuable contribution of women entrepreneurs to socioeconomic growth, it is essential to implement policies that promote financial literacy among female business owners. This contributes to the sustainability of women-led small and medium-sized enterprises, enhances their empowerment, and promotes economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted a comprehensive literature review on global poverty alleviation and eradication. A structured literature review (SLR) was employed, collecting 955 articles from the Scopus database spanning from 1990 to 2022. The data was analyzed using bibliometric analysis tools and Excel. The paper explores the significant and conceptual aspects of the published literature on poverty alleviation and eradication. Additionally, it highlights the global issues faced by humanity, such as poverty alleviation and eradication, their origins, and implications. The study also provides potential directions for future research in this field by examining the poverty alleviation and eradication strategies employed by China and the USA. The significance of this study lies in the need for further research on the factors limiting efforts toward poverty alleviation and eradication from a global perspective. These findings can serve as a foundation for global anti-poverty initiatives and offer insights into reducing poverty in underdeveloped and developing nations worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe and analyze the correlation of the SDGs components related to business strategy and performance of SMEs. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were conceptually used as basic variables in improving the business performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in order to reduce poverty alleviation. The type of this research is explanatory research. The number of samples in this study were 170 respondents of SMEs determined by structural equation model (SEM) as the method of analyzing data, which is operated by AMOS. The population is 295 SMEs. The result of this study shows that the greatest influence of performance of SMEs was business operational strategy of 6,365, and the smallest effect was on SDGs economic indicators to business operational strategy of 1,022. In this case, it can be stated that the sustainable development goals (SDGs) have a significant influence on the business operational strategy and business performance of SMEs. For small and medium entrepreneurs in Yogyakarta, seeing SDGs as a development goal will affect their operational business strategy, especially related to economic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article employs a systematic literature review to present the need to innovate and engender rural tourism as a viable strategy for poverty alleviation in the Southern Tourism Circuit of Tanzania—one of the regions with many rural tourist opportunities that are unexplored and yet to be utilized to transform local peoples' livelihoods. The study explores why the circuit is underdeveloped in terms of rural tourism as compared to other tourist circuits and maps the existing rural tourism opportunities in the region. The impacts of colonial legacy, limited financial capability, policy issues and poor infrastructure are the main factors for the under-exploitation of tourist resources in the southern circuit. Rural tourism assets such as natural, cultural, agritourism/farm-based, and culinary assets in this circuit still need to be utilized. Innovation and utilization of these rural tourism opportunities could be one of the appropriate strategies to improve residents' livelihoods. Rural tourism could help to boost individual economies and government revenues and enhance community development. The study highlights the importance of effective collaboration among stakeholders and multisector linkage while putting the local community at the core of rural tourism. Plain language summary: Rural development practitioners accredit rural tourism as one of the viable strategies for rural poverty alleviation due to its ability to offer new livelihood options for rural people. This article employs a systematic literature review to present the need to innovate and engender rural tourism as a viable strategy for poverty alleviation in the Southern Tourism Circuit of Tanzania—one of the regions with many rural tourist opportunities that are unexplored and yet to be utilized to transform local peoples' livelihoods. The impacts of colonial legacy, limited financial capability, policy issues and poor infrastructure are the main factors for the under-exploitation of tourist resources in the southern circuit. Rural tourism assets such as natural, cultural, agritourism/farm-based tourism, and culinary assets available in this circuit still need to be utilized. Innovation and utilization of these rural tourism opportunities could be one of the appropriate strategies to improve residents' livelihoods. Rural tourism could help to boost individual economies and government revenues and enhance community development. The study highlights the importance of effective collaboration among stakeholders and multisector linkage while putting the local community at the core of rural tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]