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Introduction Addressing hazing within the U.S. Military has become a critical concern to safeguard the well-being of service members; recent attempts to assess hazing prevalence in the military have been unsuccessful due to under representative data. Methods To delve into the hazing climate and reporting culture at Fort Bragg, now Fort Liberty, 227 individuals took part in an anonymous online survey. The survey collected demographics and insights on hazing attitudes and behaviors, perceptions of group experiences including hazing/non-hazing activities, views on leadership, familiarity and experiences with reporting procedures, and bystander intervention. Results The findings echoed existing literature: while only 17.2% admitted to experiencing hazing, a striking 70.3% acknowledged involvement in specific hazing behaviors. Only 40% of participants who acknowledged experiencing hazing (n  = 35) disclosed that they reported or confided in someone about the incident. Responses highlight reporting hurdles including concerns about anonymity, confidence in the reporting process, leadership reactions to reports, and the normalization of these events as tradition. Discussion Distinct elements of military culture, such as the hierarchical chain of command, loyalty to the brotherhood/sisterhood, and the emphasis on resilience, likely amplify these responses. This study adds to the mounting evidence showcasing gaps in assessing hazing within the U.S. Military. It emphasizes the necessity for a comprehensive hazing prevention program. Presently, prevention relies on mandatory training, often integrated into safety briefings or harassment workshops. However, service members require further assistance in recognizing, rejecting, and reporting instances of hazing despite these trainings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Numerous studies of school-based smoking prevention programs (SSPPs) exist; however, most have been conducted from the students' perspective, and insufficient research has explored teachers' perceptions. Our study aimed to identify factors affecting overall satisfaction and operational status from the perspective of teachers participating in the SSPP. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study analyzing data from a survey regarding the operation of an SSPP conducted by the Korea Health Promotion Institute in 2022. The study sample comprised 669 teachers involved in the SSPP: 215 from elementary schools, 212 from middle schools, and 242 from high schools. To identify factors influencing teachers' overall satisfaction, independent variables were categorized into three types of factors: personal, school, and teacher perceptions. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed for each factor to test the independent association. Results: For elementary school teachers, as the necessity of smoking prevention and cessation education (β=0.292; 95% CI: 0.182–0.382) increased, the overall satisfaction with the operation of the SSPP significantly improved. Similarly, for middle school teachers, as the necessity of smoking prevention and cessation education (β=0.231; 95% CI: 0.104–0.336) increased, the overall satisfaction significantly improved. Conversely, for high school teachers, the effectiveness (β=0.347; 95% CI: 0.184–0.520) was the variable that significantly improved overall satisfaction with the SSPP operation. The variables affecting teacher satisfaction across all school levels were the necessity of smoking prevention and cessation education, the effectiveness of the SSPP, and its impact on smoking cessation among smoking students, all of which belonged to the teacher perceptions factor. Conclusions: Smoking education in schools requires teachers to play a crucial role. Among participating teachers, overall satisfaction with SSPP operations and the influencing factors differed according to school level, highlighting the importance of careful consideration to establish a more effective operational environment tailored to each school level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Given the rapid increase in the prevalence of e-cigarette use among youth, we updated Click City: Tobacco, an existing, efficacious, online tobacco prevention program for 5th graders with a 6th-grade booster, to also target e-cigarette use. Methods To evaluate the effectiveness of the updated 5th-grade program within a "real world" setting, we conducted a pragmatic randomized trial with 5th-grade students in 43 schools across Arizona and Oregon, assessing change in intentions and willingness to use e-cigarettes/cigarettes, from baseline to one-week post-intervention. Students in intervention schools (n  = 1327) received the updated version of Click City: Tobacco; students in control schools (n  = 1346) received their usual tobacco prevention curriculum. Results Students in intervention schools significantly decreased their intentions and willingness to use e-cigarettes and cigarettes, compared to students in control schools. The intervention also significantly changed all targeted etiological mechanisms predictive of intentions and willingness. The intervention was more effective for at-risk students, as defined by student's previous tobacco use, current family use of tobacco, and/or high in sensation-seeking. The effects of the intervention on all outcomes were similar as a function of state, gender, ethnicity, and historical timing (before COVID-19 pandemic school closures vs. after schools re-opened). Close to 90% of the students in the intervention condition completed the entire program, supporting fidelity of implementation, and teachers reported satisfaction with the program. Conclusions Findings suggest that Click City: Tobacco is effective for all 5th-grade students and can be delivered with fidelity across school settings. Implications The results of a randomized pragmatic effectiveness trial showed that the updated Click City: Tobacco program decreased intentions and willingness to both vape e-cigarettes and smoke cigarettes among 5th-grade students, particularly for those at high risk. Program effectiveness and lack of differences because of factors such as state, gender, ethnicity, and historical timing have universal implications, suggesting that all students can benefit from this program. Click City: Tobacco received high ratings of program satisfaction from teachers and was implemented with fidelity. Findings suggest that Click City: Tobacco is effective and can be easily implemented in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Numerous studies of school-based smoking prevention programs (SSPPs) exist; however, most have been conducted from the students' perspective, and insufficient research has explored teachers' perceptions. Our study aimed to identify factors affecting overall satisfaction and operational status from the perspective of teachers participating in the SSPP. Methods This is a cross-sectional study analyzing data from a survey regarding the operation of an SSPP conducted by the Korea Health Promotion Institute in 2022. The study sample comprised 669 teachers involved in the SSPP: 215 from elementary schools, 212 from middle schools, and 242 from high schools. To identify factors influencing teachers’ overall satisfaction, independent variables were categorized into three types of factors: personal, school, and teacher perceptions. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed for each factor to test the independent association. Results For elementary school teachers, as the necessity of smoking prevention and cessation education (β=0.292; 95% CI: 0.182–0.382) increased, the overall satisfaction with the operation of the SSPP significantly improved. Similarly, for middle school teachers, as the necessity of smoking prevention and cessation education (β=0.231; 95% CI: 0.104–0.336) increased, the overall satisfaction significantly improved. Conversely, for high school teachers, the effectiveness (β=0.347; 95% CI: 0.184–0.520) was the variable that significantly improved overall satisfaction with the SSPP operation. The variables affecting teacher satisfaction across all school levels were the necessity of smoking prevention and cessation education, the effectiveness of the SSPP, and its impact on smoking cessation among smoking students, all of which belonged to the teacher perceptions factor. Conclusions Smoking education in schools requires teachers to play a crucial role. Among participating teachers, overall satisfaction with SSPP operations and the influencing factors differed according to school level, highlighting the importance of careful consideration to establish a more effective operational environment tailored to each school level.

Background Methods Results Conclusions So What? This cross‐sectional study aimed to understand the need and desire for a diabetes prevention program within the Y (formerly YMCA: Young Men's Christian Association) of the Greater Brisbane region, Queensland, Australia.An anonymous online survey was distributed (March–April 2023) by The Y Queensland targeting adults within the Greater Brisbane Y community. Data were collected on Y membership and branch attended, postcode, diabetes risk in the next 5 years (low, medium, or high), and interest in participation in a diabetes prevention program. Data were analysed via descriptives and cross tabulation with statistical significance considered at p < .05.Respondents (n = 575) were primarily female (65%), attending a Y branch located in the outer city (51%), and aged under 55 years (68%). Twenty Y sites were represented, with a mix of inner‐city, outer‐city, and regional areas. Overall, 46% (n = 241/530) of respondents were at high diabetes risk, with those living in relatively socio‐economically disadvantaged areas more likely (p < .001) to be at high‐risk (57%) than intermediate (26%) or low‐risk (18%). Most (68%) respondents were interested/potentially interested in program participation; those at high risk of developing diabetes in the next 5 years were most interested (55%).The Y in Greater Brisbane may provide a suitable setting to host a community‐based diabetes prevention program. Locations outside the inner city should be prioritised to target those who are relatively socio‐economically disadvantaged to align with higher need and demand.Findings inform the implementation and prioritisation of a community‐delivered diabetes prevention program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the issues of ensuring the implementation of certain areas (types) of activities in the field of fire safety, as well as provides an overview of the current changes in the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation governing them, the program of risks prevention of harm (damage) to legally protected values in the implementation of Federal state licensing control (supervision) of activities in the field of fire safety for 2024. The article also contains legislative norms, entering into force not earlier than in 2025, that establish the procedure for qualification confirming of persons engaged in fire safety activities.

Background: The high frequency of eating disorders (EDs) in sports speaks of a need for early‐stage preventive measures. Objectives: This study evaluated the acceptability of an age, sex, and sports adapted version of the "Body Project" and changes in mental health symptoms. Methods: This noncontrolled pilot study included a class of athletes from 18 sports (N = 73, 13–14 years) at a sport‐specialized junior high school in six small‐group workshops. We interviewed 34 athletes on program acceptability, and all athletes responded to questionnaires at pretest, posttest, and 6‐month follow‐up including the Body Appreciation Scale 2–Children, Social Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire‐4 revised, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Short form‐12 modified, and questions about body appearance pressure (BAP). Results: Athletes found the program acceptable and beneficial, but some missed physically oriented activities or did not identify with the focus, particularly boys. There were acceptable levels in mental health constructs before the workshops. There were temporary changes in the percentage of boys experiencing "BAP in society" by −14.8% points (95% CI: −.6 to.0, p =.04), % in total group experiencing "BAP at school" by +11% points (95% CI:.0–.2, p =.05), thinness idealization by girls (g =.6, p =.002) and total group (g =.4, p =.006), and muscularity idealization by boys (g =.3, p =.05) and total group (g =.23, p =.04). Discussion: Athletes experienced benefits from the Young Athlete Body Project. Seeing stabilization in outcomes may mean a dampening of the otherwise expected worsening in body appreciation and ED symptoms over time. Public Significance: Adolescent athletes are at risk for developing EDs. Due to lack of prevention programs for this group, we adapted and evaluated a well‐documented effective program, the Body Project, to fit male and female athletes <15 years. The athletes accepted the program and experienced participation benefits, with stronger acceptance among girls. Our promising findings encourage larger scaled randomized controlled trials to further evaluate a refined version this program among very young athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preterm labor significantly impacts premature birth, influencing infant development and health outcomes. This randomized controlled trial aimed to develop and test the effectiveness of the Preterm Labor Prevention Program on primary outcomes (knowledge, attitudes, self-care practices) and secondary outcomes (preterm labor, preterm birth rates). Sixty-six high-risk participants aged 15-49 attending antenatal care clinics in Northeastern Thailand were selected using multi-stage random sampling. They were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 32) receiving the Preterm Labor Prevention Program in addition to routine care or the control group (n = 34) receiving routine care. Data collection employed questionnaires on knowledge, attitude, self-care practice, preterm labor, and preterm birth rates. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA for knowledge, attitudes, and self-care practice scores across three-time points at baseline before the intervention, immediately and four weeks after program completion, and chi-square tests for comparing preterm labor and premature birth rates across groups. Results indicated that the mean score of knowledge, attitude, and self-care practice in the experiment group was significantly increased over time immediately and four weeks after program completion and significantly higher than that of the control group at both time points. Furthermore, the incidence of preterm labor and the preterm birth rate in the experiment group were 6.25% and 3.10%, respectively. However, the incidence of preterm labor and the preterm birth rate in the control group were equal at 20.60%. Nurses and midwives can apply this program to increase knowledge, more positive attitudes, and practice to reduce preterm labor and preterm birth in high-risk pregnancies, but first, testing of the program is required with an increased number of participants [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds experience higher rates of obesity and have poorer outcomes in obesity prevention studies. Interventions tailored to specific cultural groups may be limited within linguistically diverse, multicultural communities, and thus, alternative approaches to childhood obesity prevention in these communities are needed. This study aims to describe communication strategies used in interventions targeting prevention of obesity/obesity‐related behaviors, among children 0–5 years, from linguistically diverse communities, and assess their effectiveness. A rapid review was conducted by systematically searching Medline, Embase, and CINAHL. The inclusion criteria are as follows: Studies reported an intervention tailored to linguistically diverse communities targeting at least one obesity‐related behavior among children 0–5 years. The exclusion criteria are as follows: Interventions used simple language translations, targeted one language group, or treated obesity. A total of 4677 articles were identified with 14 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Key communication strategies included materials in multiple languages, English text written at a set readability level, and multimodal delivery. Six studies reported effectiveness data, of which five had effective primary or secondary outcomes. This is the first rapid review to identify communication strategies used in childhood obesity prevention interventions for linguistically diverse communities, highlighting a need for future research to incorporate and evaluate the communication strategies identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 forced many youth risk prevention programs to be adapted to virtual formats. It remains unclear whether virtual programming is as effective as in-person programming. This study examined program logistics, differences in reach of at-risk youth and risk reduction in a youth substance use prevention program before and after being adapted to a virtual platform due to COVID-19. Rural high school students in a substance use prevention program completed baseline and follow-up surveys. Data were included from two program cohorts, one in 2020 (In-person; N = 331) and the second in 2021 (virtual; N = 426). Survey data were analyzed to compare differences between cohorts in ability to reach at-risk youth and effects on risk reduction. Data on program logistics were drawn from open-ended facilitator questionnaires and site observation reports. These data were analyzed to understand benefits and challenges with virtual program implementation. In-person participants were older, in a higher grade, and reported higher rates of substance abuse, reported higher rates of substance use, sexual behaviors, and risky sex. Virtual program participants reported higher rates of unprotected sex and future intentions of unprotected sex. Neither program showed significant reduction in risk intermediary factors. Positive attitudes about the benefits of substance use increased during the virtual program. Thematic analysis revealed problems with implementing the virtual program, including low attendance and technology issues. In-person programs moved to virtual delivery may be less effective at reaching at-risk youth, may have smaller impact on risk prevention and may encounter logistical problems. Because previous research has found that technology-based interventions can be effective, future research should seek to evaluate how to strengthen evidence-based practices when delivery modality changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature of newspaper coverage of suicide events can impact suicide risk. Thus, the World Health Organization published recommendations for reporting suicide in the media. To date, Israel has no data regarding adherence to these media guidelines and no indication of the influence of the Israeli National Suicide Prevention Program (NSPP) on adherence. Aiming to fill these gaps, the current study examined (1) Israeli newspapers' adherence to the guidelines for suicide coverage and (2) the impact of the NSPP on the adherence level of media reporting. Adherence to newspapers coverage guidelines was examined in two leading Israeli newspapers at three time points: T1 (2012, two years before the NSPP's establishment), T2 (2016–2017, 2–3 years after its establishment), and T3 (2018–2019, 4–5 years after NSPP's establishment). All articles reporting on suicide or suicidal behavior were analyzed at each time point regarding their adherence to the media guidelines. Two hundred articles were assessed and analyzed. The adherence level was 49.35% across all time points. We found improved adherence at T2 (after the initiation of the NSPP) in most of the guidelines but a slight decline at T3. Adherence to guidelines regarding prevention (Do guidelines) showed no significant improvement over time. General adherence to guidelines was relatively low. However, steps can be taken to improve media coverage of suicide stories. The NSPP should make greater efforts to promote changes in media coverage of suicide events in Israel, such as providing information about risk factors, prevention, and intervention. A longitudinal study examined Israeli newspapers over three time points in the last decade. General adherence level to the suicide coverage guidelines was 49.35% across all time points. The National Suicide Prevention Program was linked to improvement in adherence to most guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Prison suicide is a complex phenomenon that may be influenced by individual, clinical, social and environmental factors. In Spain, few studies have explored the relationship with institutional, prison-related variables. The aim of this study is to examine correlates of suicide in a sample of male incarcerated individuals from 5 Spanish penitentiary centers. Methods This present study entails a secondary data analysis, using data from the Prevalence of mental disorders in prisons study. This is a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in 2007–2008 across 5 penitentiary centers in Spain. The Spanish version of the Plutchik suicide risk scale was used to assess the risk of suicide (those scoring ≥ 6 were considered to be at risk of suicide). Sociodemographic, clinical, criminological and prison-related data were collected via face-to face interviews and criminological data were confirmed using penitentiary records. Results The final sample included 707 male incarcerated individuals (mean age 36.79 years ± 9.90 years). Several significant correlates associated with higher risk of suicide were identified including criminological factors (having committed a violent offense, being a recidivist), clinical factors (family history of mental disorders, the presence of mental disorders, having physical conditions, contact with a mental health specialist, medication treatment in the last 12 months), and prison-related determinants (workshop/training course participation) was significantly associated with lower suicide risk. Conclusions Several correlates within a comprehensive range of sociodemographic, criminological, clinical and prison-related variables were identified. This information is primordial for preventing suicide and reducing the existing risk. The findings may contribute to developing effective suicide prevention programs within Spanish prison services. Importantly, future research must continue to investigate the nature of suicidal outcomes among incarcerated individuals.

Abstract Background Child sexual abuse has deep and profound effects on personality and growth of children so that it is recognized as one of the major health issues in different countries. A psychological interventions program with a robot was designed and its effects on children sexual care was examined. Results The results showed that experts confirmed and supported 85% of the total content of the program and the sessions, and the program was effective in improving sexual cares in the subjects (p

Background: Prison suicide is a complex phenomenon that may be influenced by individual, clinical, social and environmental factors. In Spain, few studies have explored the relationship with institutional, prison-related variables. The aim of this study is to examine correlates of suicide in a sample of male incarcerated individuals from 5 Spanish penitentiary centers. Methods: This present study entails a secondary data analysis, using data from the Prevalence of mental disorders in prisons study. This is a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in 2007–2008 across 5 penitentiary centers in Spain. The Spanish version of the Plutchik suicide risk scale was used to assess the risk of suicide (those scoring ≥ 6 were considered to be at risk of suicide). Sociodemographic, clinical, criminological and prison-related data were collected via face-to face interviews and criminological data were confirmed using penitentiary records. Results: The final sample included 707 male incarcerated individuals (mean age 36.79 years ± 9.90 years). Several significant correlates associated with higher risk of suicide were identified including criminological factors (having committed a violent offense, being a recidivist), clinical factors (family history of mental disorders, the presence of mental disorders, having physical conditions, contact with a mental health specialist, medication treatment in the last 12 months), and prison-related determinants (workshop/training course participation) was significantly associated with lower suicide risk. Conclusions: Several correlates within a comprehensive range of sociodemographic, criminological, clinical and prison-related variables were identified. This information is primordial for preventing suicide and reducing the existing risk. The findings may contribute to developing effective suicide prevention programs within Spanish prison services. Importantly, future research must continue to investigate the nature of suicidal outcomes among incarcerated individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Child sexual abuse has deep and profound effects on personality and growth of children so that it is recognized as one of the major health issues in different countries. A psychological interventions program with a robot was designed and its effects on children sexual care was examined. Results: The results showed that experts confirmed and supported 85% of the total content of the program and the sessions, and the program was effective in improving sexual cares in the subjects (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The program to protect children against sexual abuse through empowering them by the skills to protect themselves, recognize good and bad physical touches, and find a trustable adult can be considered as a therapeutic method by consultants, psychologists, and authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study replicates an earlier study (Markopolous & Bernard, 2015) that evaluated the impact of the program, Bullying: The Power to Cope (Bernard, 2019) on potential victim's cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses. The program is aimed at teaching student rational beliefs and coping skills they can employ to cope with various types of bullying. In the present study, participating classes were randomly allocated to either an experimental or control condition. The study conducted in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, consisted 115 participants (n = 55, experimental group; n = 60 in the control group), 57 males and 58 females, aged 10 to 14 years of age. Self-report data was collected pre- and post-test, measuring children's cognitive, behavioral and emotional coping responses to four written bullying vignettes. Measures of state and trait anxiety were also collected at pre- and post-tests. Results revealed students in the experimental group significantly improved in cognitive and emotional coping responses compared with students in the control group. Nonsignificant differences were found between males and females and between primary and secondary school students on their response to the program. State anxiety did not influence responsiveness to the program, but students with lower levels of trait anxiety (pre-test) made significantly greater improvements on emotional coping responses compared to students with higher levels of trait anxiety. Implications of these findings are discussed as well as limitations and considerations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mental health difficulties in early childhood can have a debilitating and ongoing impact throughout an individual's life; emotion regulation can serve as a protective factor. Therefore, evidence-based prevention programs that teach children effective skills and strategies for emotion regulation are needed. Methods: As part of the Aussie Optimism pilot study evaluating the "I Spy Feelings" program, this study aims to assess the short-term effects of the program on emotion regulation in pre-primary aged children after 2 months via a longitudinal cluster randomized controlled trial. Participants included parents (N =73) of 5- to 6-year-old children attending four different Catholic primary schools. Children from two of the schools were allocated to the intervention group where they participated in the program (N =33), while children from the other two schools were allocated to the control group where they did not (N =40). At each time point, all parents completed abridged Children's Emotional Management Scales measuring how well parents believe their child is able to cope with anger, sadness and worry. Results: A significant intervention effect 2 months after intervention was found for the outcome of anger coping such that parents whose children were in the intervention group reported significantly greater improvement in their children's ability to cope with anger compared to parents whose children were in the control group. No significant effect was found for the outcome of sadness, and results for the worry subscale were inconclusive due to unacceptable internal consistency. Discussion: The present study provides insight into the benefit of programs designed to enhance the emotion regulation skills of very young children. Further follow-up is needed to assess whether the "I Spy Feelings" program has lasting effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Community Readiness Intervention for Tackling Childhood Obesity (CRITCO) is a theory-based intervention being developed to improve the readiness of an Iranian urban population to engage in childhood obesity prevention programs. This study aimed to explore changes in readiness of intervention and control local communities from diverse socio-economic areas of Tehran. Methods This study was a seven-month quasi-experimental intervention implemented in four intervention communities and compared with four controls. Aligned strategies and action plans were developed around the six dimensions of community readiness. The Food and Nutrition Committee was established in each intervention community to make collaborative efforts among different sectors and assess the fidelity of the intervention. The pre-and post- readiness change was explored through interviews with 46 community key informants. Results The total readiness of intervention sites increased by 0.48 units (p

IntroductionMental health difficulties in early childhood can have a debilitating and ongoing impact throughout an individual’s life; emotion regulation can serve as a protective factor. Therefore, evidence-based prevention programs that teach children effective skills and strategies for emotion regulation are needed.MethodsAs part of the Aussie Optimism pilot study evaluating the “I Spy Feelings” program, this study aims to assess the short-term effects of the program on emotion regulation in pre-primary aged children after 2 months via a longitudinal cluster randomized controlled trial. Participants included parents (N = 73) of 5- to 6-year-old children attending four different Catholic primary schools. Children from two of the schools were allocated to the intervention group where they participated in the program (N = 33), while children from the other two schools were allocated to the control group where they did not (N = 40). At each time point, all parents completed abridged Children’s Emotional Management Scales measuring how well parents believe their child is able to cope with anger, sadness and worry.ResultsA significant intervention effect 2 months after intervention was found for the outcome of anger coping such that parents whose children were in the intervention group reported significantly greater improvement in their children’s ability to cope with anger compared to parents whose children were in the control group. No significant effect was found for the outcome of sadness, and results for the worry subscale were inconclusive due to unacceptable internal consistency.DiscussionThe present study provides insight into the benefit of programs designed to enhance the emotion regulation skills of very young children. Further follow-up is needed to assess whether the “I Spy Feelings” program has lasting effects.

Evidence-based family prevention programs have become more prevalent in recent years due to their effectiveness. However, they also pose a number of challenges, such as controlling for possible biases associated with the profile of the program provider. This study assesses whether the professionals in charge of implementing the Strengthening Families Program (SFP) have adequate competences, and whether significant groupings can be identified according to their competences and attitudes to evidence-based practice. It analyses what training and occupational factors might influence their competence levels and attitudes. Through a cross-sectional study, an evaluation was made of the professionals in charge of giving the SFP (n = 177; 84.2% females; mean age: 38 years). They were found to have sufficient levels of suitable competences, particularly in terms of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environment-related skills. From a K-means cluster analysis, significant groupings were identified, based on the professionals' competences and attitudes to evidence-based practice. When the professionals in Cluster 2 (a higher level of competences and receptive attitudes) were compared with the other clusters, significant differences in two variables were found: (a) the receipt of prior training in the SFP and (b) specialization in family interventions. This finding is important because once the competences had been evaluated to control for possible biases, higher competence levels were shown to influence the program's effectiveness. For this reason, it is important to identify possible factors that might foster better proficiency in the said skills. This could serve as a guideline for public health services, social agents, and institutions, offering them guidance on the type of competences and level of skills required by the professionals in charge of giving the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychopathologies in Western adolescents and have been on the rise in recent years. Not only does anxiety disrupt the daily lives of the young people who suffer from it, it can also have harmful behavioral, psychological, social, and academic effects. Given this, there is a pressing need to implement universal anxiety prevention programs for adolescents in one of their main living environments, the school. This type of program has the twofold advantage of reaching all adolescents before the onset of more significant symptoms and of promoting access to services for young people in difficulty. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the HORS‐PISTE—Exploration Cycle 1 program developed by the RBC Center for Academic Expertise in Mental Health, based on the initial level of problems presented by the students, using a preexperimental pretest–posttest design. A total of 2276 students in grades 7 and 8, with an average age of 12.65 years, from 16 high schools participated in the pretest and posttest evaluations. The results showed that the students who participated in the HORS‐PISTE program reported a significant change in the intended direction for several of the variables examined between T1 and T2. In particular, decreases in anxiety symptoms, fear of being judged by others, perfectionism, internet addiction, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety interference, as well as an increase in the sense of self‐efficacy, were observed between T1 and T2 for both boys and girls. The results also showed that students who presented at T1 with more significant anxiety symptoms and proximal risk factors experienced greater improvement than did those with a moderate or low level of initial problems. Overall, the results of this evaluative study of the HORS‐PISTE program are promising, demonstrating positive changes in symptoms and in the main proximal risk factors for anxiety, in particular among students who initially presented with high levels of problems. This study therefore demonstrates the relevance of implementing this type of prevention program in high schools. Practitioner points: Participation in the HORS‐PISTE program is associated with a decrease in anxiety symptoms, fear of judgment by others, perfectionism, internet addiction, intolerance of uncertainty, and anxiety interference.The changes observed as a result of participating in the HORS‐PISTE program are observed in both boys and girls.The results of this study showed that the HORS‐PISTE program appears to be particularly effective for students who initially had higher levels of anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies focusing on the relevance or impact of a program, not just on its efficacy or effectiveness, can make important contributions to prevention science. This article documents the social validity (i.e., a construct encompassing feasibility, acceptability, and utility) of a universal substance use prevention program for early adolescents in Spain. The Mantente REAL (keepin'it REAL) program was culturally adapted to the Spanish context, implemented, and evaluated in six public middle schools in two regions of Spain. Participating teachers (N = 15), students (N = 354), and research team members (N = 6) reported on the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of the program implemented with first grade secondary school students. Qualitative and quantitative data about the program, its curriculum, and the implementation process were collected through teachers' focus groups, students' surveys, and observation forms completed by members of the research team. Mantente REAL was perceived to be a prevention program that was feasible for implementation in Spanish middle schools, although some logistics related to school structural constraints should be addressed in future implementations. The topics and activities in the curriculum were highly accepted by teachers and students, and they reported that the program was useful in teaching resistance strategies to cope with substance use and other risky situations. The findings support the social validity of the culturally adapted Mantente REAL program for early adolescents in Spain, and highlight how feedback from stakeholders involved in the implementation can improve the dissemination of effective prevention approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies related to the prevention of diabetes mellitus have developed rapidly, from effectiveness research to implementation research. However, effective implementation of diabetes programs and evidence of their impact on the population should be produced by means other than measuring the effectiveness of the program. We reviewed the results of systematic reviews focused on diabetes prevention programs and the outcomes of those programs in a real-world setting. A systematic review of the program aimed at assessing or measuring the outcome of preventive programs in individual prediabetes, moderate or high-risk diabetes. In September 2021, an article search was performed on PubMed, Science Direct, and SAGE Journal databases. We have reviewed all the articles published in the last ten years. The exclusion criteria were studies published before 2011. The number of diabetic participants is unknown and the method is incomplete. Eight studies were included in the review. All information about participation and programs. Most of all studies were cohort and RCT studies. All interventions showed positive changes (efficacy) based on weight loss, HbA1C, blood glucose levels, and BMI. Rapid studies have shown that the risk of diabetes is reduced. Our results show that the strength of the program plays an important role in the outcome of weight loss. Programs with different variations (education, Community Health worker, diet, physical activity) have had a positive effect on reducing the risk of diabetes in the population.

Child abuse can have serious long-term physical, psychological, behavioural, societal and economic consequences. The aim of this scoping review was to map the literature on abuse prevention programs conducted at schools for pre-teenage children. The review outlines the specific components and methods of the programs, the measurements used and the results obtained. The review included 4135 children, 1841 parents, 16 teachers and two school counsellors. A scoping review of published articles was conducted following the Joanna Briggs methodology. PubMed, PSYCInfo, ERIC, The Cochrane Library and CINAHL were searched for articles published between 1989 and 2018. The search yielded 2042 publications of which nine met the inclusion criteria. Eight of the publications reported positive results. One publication reported mixed results in terms of the safety skills and knowledge of the participating children. There were several similarities between the programs regarding key components and methods of delivery. None of the articles included children with disabilities, even though they are particularly vulnerable of becoming victims of abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Testing a vantage sensitivity model from differential susceptibility theory (DST), we examined a G × E × I hypothesis; that is, whether a military parenting intervention program (I) might buffer a G × E susceptibility for military deployed fathers exposed to deployment combat stress and trauma. We hypothesized that combat stress (E, referring to the natural environmental factor) would lead to increases in problem drinking, and that the effect of problem drinking would be amplified by genetic predisposition (G) for drinking reward systems, substance use, and addictive behaviors (i.e., differential vulnerability). Providing a preventive intervention designed to improve post-deployment family environments (I, vantage sensitivity) is hypothesized to buffer the negative impacts of combat exposure and genetic susceptibility. The sample included 185 post-deployed military fathers who consented to genotyping, from a larger sample of 294 fathers enrolled in a randomized effectiveness trial of the After Deployment Adaptive Parenting Tools (ADAPT) intervention. Trauma-exposed military fathers at genetic susceptibility for problem drinking assigned to the ADAPT intervention reported significantly more reductions in risky drinking compared with fathers at genetic susceptibility assigned to the control group, with a small effect size for the G × E × I interaction (d =.2). Trial Registration. The ADAPT trial is registered at the US National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov) # NCT03522610. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This randomized controlled trial examined the impact of The Connection Project, an experiential, relationship‐focused intervention designed to improve school belongingness and decrease symptoms of depression and loneliness among new college students. Participants were 438 first‐year and transfer students (232 treatment, 206 waitlist‐control) at a medium‐sized, 4years, predominantly White public university in the Southeastern United States. At postintervention, the treatment group reported significant relative increases in school belonging and significant relative reductions in levels of loneliness and depressive symptoms in comparison to waitlist‐controls. Program effects were stronger for students from marginalized racial or ethnic backgrounds, students from lower socioeconomic status households, and transfer students. Results are interpreted as suggesting the utility of experiential, peer‐support prevention programming to promote college students' well‐being, particularly college students who hold identities that are traditionally disadvantaged in this context. Highlights: Participants report reduced depression and loneliness relative to waitlist‐controls.Participants report increased belongingness at their school, even when remote.Program benefits are strongest for marginalized students, most at‐risk for disconnection.Experiential programming and supportive peer relationships promote college students' well‐being.Prevention programming may be a first line to reducing burden on college mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encouraged by increasing public and scientific attention, research has made great strides in recent years to improve our understanding of sexting. However, despite these advances, scientifically based and evaluated prevention strategies are not available and are still in development. There is a need to design sexting prevention strategies in order to implement and evaluate them. For this reason, we have developed a comprehensive sexting prevention program, the background, structure, content, and future evaluation of which are presented in this paper. We have proposed a program that needs to be evaluated to train psychologists, parents, and students in order to prevent the negative consequences of sexting and to develop resources for dealing with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite several parallels between intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual assault (SA), programs designed to reduce either of these forms of violence against women rarely evaluate the impact on both IPV and SA. Accordingly, we investigated whether one such program (the Enhanced Assess, Acknowledge, Act (EAAA) Sexual Assault Resistance program), designed to help university-aged women resist SA, could also reduce subsequent IPV. Women university students who were enrolled in the Sexual Assault Resistance Education (SARE) randomized controlled trial examining the impact of the EAAA program on SA, were recruited immediately after completing the last survey in the SARE trial. From this trial, 153 women completed the IPV substudy, which included an additional survey. Occurrence of IPV was assessed using the Composite Abuse Scale. Of the 93 new relationships reported by 66 women in the control group, the 1-year risk of IPV was 26.8%. In contrast, of the 113 new relationships reported by 87 women in the EAAA program group, the 1-year risk of IPV was 12.2%. Effectively, the EAAA program significantly reduced the 1-year risk of IPV by 54.4% (p = .037, 95% CI [2.9%, 79.8%]). Our findings suggest that the EAAA program is effective in reducing the risk of IPV and highlights the generalizability of programming that targets the foundational underpinning of multiple forms of gender-based violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The Elos Program resulted from a Brazilian cultural adaptation of the Good Behavior Game, a preventive strategy for classroom management to reduce aggressive and disruptive behaviors. The goal is to discuss the Elos Program’s efficacy during its implementation in 16 elementary Brazilian public schools in two cities in 2016. The design was a non-randomized controlled trial with 80 classes in each group, experimental and control, involving 1,731 students. The study used the Generalized Estimating Equation model to verify the program's effect. Elos seemed to be effective in reducing aggressiveness and disruptive behavior in boys. These results are aligned with others GBG international studies and suggest that, after a randomized trial, the program would be ready to be disseminated in Brazil.

Gambling is legal in most countries. However, despite having some economic benefits, certain characteristics of gambling can have health consequences, rendering it a public health issue. The effects can be summarized according to the following three "laws" of ethical gambling: "Gambling Dynamics Law": companies' economic gains come directly from players' losses; "Expected Loss Law": the more one gambles, the greater the probability of losing; and "Addiction Law": the more one gambles, the greater the need to play again, leading to further losses. Ludens is a gambling addiction prevention program that has four goals: inform participants about gambling and gambling addiction; sensitize participants to the risk of gambling for health, especially addiction; promote a change in attitudes toward gambling; and alert participants to risky behaviors that can lead to addiction. The prevention program was implemented during 2017 to 2019. Fourteen psychologists presented it to 2372 adolescents (48.8% females, 51.2% males) aged 14–19 years, none of whom were university students, recruited from 42 Spanish high schools in 132 groups taking different courses. The main dependent variables analyzed were the monthly frequencies of gambling, at-risk gambling, and gambling addiction (as measured by the National Opinion Research Center DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems, adapted to diagnose gambling disorder according to DSM-5, in which pathological gambling is considered an addictive disorder). Given that all of the gamblers were adolescents (most were minors), fulfilment of 1–3 the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria was considered to indicate a risk of problem gambling. After the administration of Ludens, statistically significant reductions were observed in the three variables of interest: monthly frequency of gambling, percentage of adolescents with risky gambling, and percentage of adolescents with gambling disorder. The results were analyzed according to sex and age (minors vs. adolescents between 18 and 19 years old). The results obtained after applying the prevention program indicate that Ludens is effective as a universal prevention program for gambling addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Studies related to the prevention of diabetes mellitus have developed rapidly, from effectiveness research to implementation research. However, effective implementation of diabetes programs and evidence of their impact on the population should be produced by means other than measuring the effectiveness of the program. We reviewed the results of systematic reviews focused on diabetes prevention programs and the outcomes of those programs in a real-world setting. A systematic review of the program aimed at assessing or measuring the outcome of preventive programs in individual prediabetes, moderate or high-risk diabetes. In September 2021, an article search was performed on PubMed, Science Direct, and SAGE Journal databases. We have reviewed all the articles published in the last ten years. The exclusion criteria were studies published before 2011. The number of diabetic participants is unknown and the method is incomplete. Eight studies were included in the review. All information about participation and programs. Most of all studies were cohort and RCT studies. All interventions showed positive changes (efficacy) based on weight loss, HbA1C, blood glucose levels, and BMI. Rapid studies have shown that the risk of diabetes is reduced. Our results show that the strength of the program plays an important role in the outcome of weight loss. Programs with different variations (education, Community Health worker, diet, physical activity) have had a positive effect on reducing the risk of diabetes in the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypersexuality and impulsivity are regarded as risk factors for sexual offending against children. Studies exploring these factors in undetected men who offended or are at risk of offending are rare. This study aims to investigate hypersexuality and impulsivity in treatment-seeking men with and without a diagnosis of (exclusive) pedophilia who committed child sexual abuse (CSA), consumed child sexual abuse images (CSAI), or feel at risk of offending sexually. Data were obtained from three child abuse prevention projects in Bamberg, Germany. We employed self-report (BIS-11, HBI), objective measures (TSO), and risk assessment tools (STABLE-2007). We computed Bayesian ordinal logit and binomial generalized linear models to explore differences between groups and to predict lifetime CSA and CSAI. Hypersexuality scores were particularly pronounced in patients with exclusive and non-exclusive pedophilia. Patients without pedophilia scored similarly to nonclinical samples. Impulsivity measures did not consistently differ between groups. We could not predict lifetime CSA and CSAI using impulsivity and hypersexuality measures. Sexual rather than general impulsivity seems to be an issue in men with pedophilia. The motivation to offend in patients without pedophilia is discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a teacher-based child sexual abuse prevention program entitled "I am learning to protect myself with Mika." The sample consisted of 290 children, their parents, and their classroom teachers. The participants were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 137) or wait-list comparison groups (n = 153) by classroom. The age of the children ranged from 46 to 71 months (M = 58.99, SD = 6.64). The prevention program was a 5-week program that consisted of five modules, including emotional awareness, good touch-bad touch, and body safety rules. To investigate the effectiveness of the prevention program, a latent Markov analysis was conducted. A three-class solution was identified as the best model: Status-1 (self-protecting group), Status-2 (risky secret keepers), and Status-3 (risk group). Following the intervention, members of the two at-risk groups (Statuses 2 and 3) were more likely to move into the Status-1 group than were those participants who had not received the intervention (wait-list comparison). Self-protection skills were analyzed using a 2 × 2 ANOVA with repeated measures. The increase in self-protection skills was greater for participants in the intervention group than for those in the wait-list comparison group from pre-test to post-test. Two-month follow-up analysis showed that gain in knowledge and skills was maintained. This program should be considered as a potential approach to meeting the need for child sexual abuse preventive efforts in Turkish preschool curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on the impact of the creative drama method on child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention program in Turkey. A pretest–posttest experimental design with a control group was used in the study. The research was carried out with a total of 72 preschool children aged 3–6 years. Data were collected by What If Situations Test (WIST). A creative drama activity was conducted for the experimental group before training. Body Safety Training (BST) was used in both groups. The average WIST posttest scores were statistically significantly higher compared to pretest scores for the children in both groups (p <.05). A comparison of pretest and posttest assessment found that there was no statistically significant difference (p >.05) between the two groups in regard to the WIST assessment averages. BST Program has a positive impact on increasing personal safety skills when implemented together with creative drama activities. Highlights: The creative drama method is effective in contributing to healthy sexual development by creating a positive response for children.It is effective that the CSA prevention program is delivered by an instructor/educator with teaching skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Global Globin Network (GGN) is a project-wide initiative of the Human Variome/Global Variome Project (HVP) focusing on haemoglobinopathies to build the capacity for genomic diagnosis, clinical services, and research in low- and middle-income countries. At present, there is no framework to evaluate the improvement of care, treatment, and prevention of thalassaemia and other haemoglobinopathies globally, despite thalassaemia being one of the most common monogenic diseases worldwide. Here, we propose a universally applicable system for evaluating and grouping countries based on qualitative indicators according to the quality of care, treatment, and prevention of haemoglobinopathies. We also apply this system to GGN countries as proof of principle. To this end, qualitative indicators were extracted from the IthaMaps database of the ITHANET portal, which allowed four groups of countries (A, B, C, and D) to be defined based on major qualitative indicators, supported by minor qualitative indicators for countries with limited resource settings and by the overall haemoglobinopathy carrier frequency for the target countries of immigration. The proposed rubrics and accumulative scores will help analyse the performance and improvement of care, treatment, and prevention of haemoglobinopathies in the GGN and beyond. Our proposed criteria complement future data collection from GGN countries to help monitor the quality of services for haemoglobinopathies, provide ongoing estimates for services and epidemiology in GGN countries, and note the contribution of the GGN to a local and global reduction of disease burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background Health risk behaviour among South African youth is a significant public health concern. Despite a societal mind shift to educating the public on the prevention of health risk behaviour, behavioural change is not progressing at the rate needed to influence health risk behaviour positively. The project aims to explore behavioural trends and willingness to engage in risky behaviour among senior primary school children. Secondly, to design a health risk behaviour prevention program which adequately equips senior primary school children with the necessary life skills to alter risk behaviour engagement. Methods The study will make use of an intervention mapping framework and a sequential, explanatory mixed methods design. Stratified random probability sampling will be used to select three primary schools in the region. Nonprobability purposive sampling will be used to select the stakeholders participating in the focus group sessions. Data collection consists of five phases with the results of each stage informing the structure and application of the next. Phase 1 - baseline data collection (needs analysis) using the child health risk behaviour survey. Phase 2 - focus group interviews. Phase 3 - a systematic review of the literature for result analysis triangulation. Phase 4 – the development of the child risk behaviour prevention program based on the outcomes of phases 1,2 and 3. Phase 5 - implementation of the program. Descriptive statistics will be used to analyse the quantitative data. Chi-square, ANOVA and multiple regression analyses will be used to predict health risk behaviour engagement. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse qualitative data. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study that would attempt to establish a health risk behaviour prevention program in youth and young people in South Africa. Overwhelming evidence exists that adolescents engage in risky health behaviour which may potentially negatively impact their lives. This study provides an opportunity to address a gap in the current strategy by developing a prevention program for young people which could later be supported by further booster programs through their adolescents. This project would serve as a baseline prevention program that could assist in the reduction of risky health behaviour among various communities.

Objective: More than 30% of the German population suffers from mild to mode rate iodine deficiency causing goiter and other iodine deficiency diso rders (IDDs). The economic burden of iodine deficiency is still unclear. We aimed to assess costs for prevention, monitoring and treatment of IDDs in Germany. Design: We performed a comprehensive cost analysis. Methods: We assessed direct medical costs and direct non-medical costs f or inpatient and outpatient care of IDDs and costs for productivity loss due to the absence of work in 2018. Additionally, we calculated total costs for an IDD prevention program comprising universal salt iodization (USI). We performed threshold analyse s projecting how many cases of IDDs or related treatments would need to be avoided fo r USI to be cost-saving. Results: Annual average costs per case in the year of diagnosis were € 211 for goiter/ thyroid nodules; € 308 for hyperthyroidism; and € 274 for hypothyroidism. Average one-time costs for thyroidectomy were € 4184 and € 3118 for rad ioiodine therapy. Average costs for one case of spontaneous abortion were € 916. Annual costs of intellectual disability were € 14,202. In the German population, total annual costs for USI would amount to 8 million Euro. To be cost-saving, USI woul d need to prevent, for example, 37,900 cases of goiter/thyroid nodules. Conclusion: USI potentially saves costs, if a minimum amount of IDDs per year could be avoided. In order to recommend the implementation of USI, a full health-economic evaluation including a comprehensive benefit-harm assessment is needed.

Underage drinking represents a major global health problem. Given the crisis that underage drinking represents, Tomando Buenas Decisiones, a family-based prevention program, was adapted and piloted in Mexico based on the existing Guiding Good Choices program. Although family-based interventions in the USA are promising for preventing underage drinking, little is known about how adapted versions of these interventions may work in low-middle income countries, such as in Latin America. The present study examined whether baseline individual, familial, and cultural factors predict participants' engagement and attendance in an adapted program for preventing underage drinking in Zacatecas, Mexico. The study was conducted with a sample of 178 parents who participated in the adapted program and were employed at local private companies. Latent growth curve modeling was used to analyze (a) change in engagement, (b) predictors of engagement, and (c) predictors of attendance. Results indicated that perceived engagement evidenced a significant linear increase throughout the intervention. Participants' familism values, such as perceived family as referents and family support, at baseline predicted both initial levels of and change in engagement. Perceived familial obligation also predicted change in engagement. Attendance was negatively predicted by male gender, by perceived stress, and by perceived familial obligations among women only. Poor family management, and perceived familial obligations among men, positively predicted attendance. Our findings have important implications for the conceptualization of engagement and attendance in family-based preventive interventions for underage drinking among Hispanics. Researchers interested in implementing interventions in Latin America can use these findings to better comprehend how and for whom adapted family-based preventive interventions work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental disorders cause disability and premature death, as well as represent psychological, social and economic high costs. Although prevention and promotion programs in mental health with effectiveness evidence is available, they are less disseminated worldwide, particularly in Brazil. This article aims to discuss the diffusion of prevention and promotion programs in mental health, according to the lens of the Theory of Diffusion of Innovation and contemporary developments. Emphasis will be given to the phases of dissemination, adoption, implementation and sustainability. Implications for teaching, research and management are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Elos Program resulted from a Brazilian cultural adaptation of the Good Behavior Game, a preventive strategy for classroom management to reduce aggressive and disruptive behaviors. The goal is to discuss the Elos Program's efficacy during its implementation in 16 elementary Brazilian public schools in two cities in 2016. The design was a nonrandomized controlled trial with 80 classes in each group, experimental and control, involving 1,731 students. The study used the Generalized Estimating Equation model to verify the program's effect. Elos seemed to be effective in reducing aggressiveness and disruptive behavior in boys. These results are aligned with others GBG international studies and suggest that, after a randomized trial, the program would be ready to be disseminated in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]