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The article discusses an Anglo-Norman guide to the lunar calendar in London, British Library, MS Cotton Claudius D III, produced for Wintney Priory nuns between 1200 and 1220. The text elucidates the pronunciation of lunar dates in the martyrology, emphasizing the trilingual culture of Wintney Priory in the early 13th century and its practical application during chapter meetings.

Some truths about color are knowable a priori. For example, it is knowable a priori that redness is not identical to the property of being square. This extremely modest and plausible claim has significant philosophical implications, or so I shall argue. First, I show that this claim entails the falsity of standard forms of color functionalism, the view that our color concepts are functional concepts that pick out their referents by way of functional descriptions that make reference to the subjective responses of perceivers. I then argue that, while some sophisticated forms of color functionalism can accommodate the a priori knowability of a truth like "redness is not identical to squareness," they can only do so by abandoning color realism, the thesis that colors are instantiated by external material objects. In practice, color functionalists are almost invariably color realists. Thus, given extremely modest assumptions concerning what can be known a priori about color, we should conclude that color functionalism, at least in its typical realist form, is false. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For almost 400 years the Knights of St John of Jerusalem – the Knights Hospitaller – maintained a priory in Kilmainham, Co. Dublin, as their principal residence in Ireland. Nothing survives of it above ground. The priory's early history and topography are mainly shrouded in mystery, but a fourteenth-century registrum illuminates the workings of its community and the character of its members, and provides valuable evidence relating to the appearance of its architecture and layout when it was at the peak of its prosperity. Yet the registrum has never been subjected to detailed scrutiny. Recent research on the Hospitallers in Ireland on the one hand, and on the organisation of domestic space in medieval contexts in Ireland on the other, has prompted this comprehensive appraisal of the evidence in Kilmainham's registrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that nearly every proposition could in principle be known a priori, with exceptions for necessary falsehoods and a few other odd cases. The argument for this conclusion has two main premises: (i) Odd exceptions aside, if it is possible that p, then it is possible that someone knows innately that p. (ii) Necessarily, whatever is known innately is known a priori. After defending (i) and (ii), I conclude by suggesting that the best way to recover a reasonably limited and interesting conception of the a priori is to adopt an anthropocentric conception of a priori knowability, one that is relativized to our own innate cognitive capacities. However, this proposal has consequences that contradict prevailing views about the a priori. More importantly, this proposal has the result that many philosophical applications of the notion of apriority are misguided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuning curves characterizing the response selectivities of biological neurons can exhibit large degrees of irregularity and diversity across neurons. Theoretical network models that feature heterogeneous cell populations or partially random connectivity also give rise to diverse tuning curves. Empirical tuning curve distributions can thus be utilized to make model-based inferences about the statistics of single-cell parameters and network connectivity. However, a general framework for such an inference or fitting procedure is lacking. We address this problem by proposing to view mechanistic network models as implicit generative models whose parameters can be optimized to fit the distribution of experimentally measured tuning curves. A major obstacle for fitting such models is that their likelihood function is not explicitly available or is highly intractable. Recent advances in machine learning provide ways for fitting implicit generative models without the need to evaluate the likelihood and its gradient. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) provide one such framework which has been successful in traditional machine learning tasks. We apply this approach in two separate experiments, showing how GANs can be used to fit commonly used mechanistic circuit models in theoretical neuroscience to datasets of tuning curves. This fitting procedure avoids the computationally expensive step of inferring latent variables, such as the biophysical parameters of, or synaptic connections between, particular recorded cells. Instead, it directly learns generalizable model parameters characterizing the network’s statistical structure such as the statistics of strength and spatial range of connections between different cell types. Another strength of this approach is that it fits the joint high-dimensional distribution of tuning curves, instead of matching a few summary statistics picked a priori by the user, resulting in a more accurate inference of circuit properties. More generally, this framework opens the door to direct model-based inference of circuit structure from data beyond single-cell tuning curves, such as simultaneous population recordings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduction between theories in physics is often approached as an a priori relation in the sense that reduction is often taken to depend only on a comparison of the mathematical structures of two theories. I argue that such purely formal approaches fail to capture one crucial sense of 'reduction', whereby one theory encompasses the set of real behaviours that are well modelled by the other. Reduction in this sense depends not only on the mathematical structures of the theories but also on empirical facts about where the theories succeed at describing real systems, and is therefore an a posteriori relation. I discuss several detailed implications of this claim for the methodology of inter-theory and inter-model reduction in physics. 1   Introduction 2   Reduction as Domain Subsumption 3   A Formal Approach to Reduction in Physics 4   An Empirical Approach to Reduction in Physics    4.1   A potential concern    4.2   A local, empirical, model-based strategy for reduction in physics 5   Conclusion Appendix [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I will explore how knowledge practices among the Runa of the Ecuadorian Amazon are informed by the specificity of local gender constructions. I will argue that while men learn to be ‘proper’ persons primarily through the ingestion of substances which penetrate inside their bodies and change them from the interior, women learn to become ‘proper’ Runa through imitating and reproducing specific movements. This difference in learning regimes, I argue, is based upon a priori conceptualisation of men and women as distinct kinds of beings. I argue that the Runa conceptualise as gender difference the way in which exteriority and interiority are played out in male and female persons. Unlike other Amazonian cases, women are understood by the Runa as ‘naturally’ predisposed to exteriority. This has important repercussions in the way cultural change is thought to affect women and men, especially in contrast to other Amazonian people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The primary aim of this study was to assess the individual effects of probenecid and cimetidine on mirogabalin exposure. Methods: This phase 1, open‐label, crossover study randomized healthy adults to receive three treatment regimens, each separated by ≥5‐day washout: a single oral dose of mirogabalin 15 mg on day 2, mirogabalin 15 mg on day 2 plus probenecid 500 mg every 6 h from days 1 to 4, and mirogabalin 15 mg on day 2 plus cimetidine 400 mg every 6 h from days 1 to 4. Results: Coadministration of mirogabalin with probenecid or cimetidine increased the maximum and total mirogabalin exposure. The geometric mean ratios of Cmax and AUC(0‐t) (90% CI) with and without coadministration of probenecid were 128.7% (121.9–135.7%) and 176.1% (171.9–180.3%), respectively. The geometric mean ratios of Cmax and AUC(0‐t) (90% CI) with and without coadministration of cimetidine were 117.1% (111.0–123.6%) and 143.7% (140.3–147.2%), respectively. Mean (standard deviation) renal clearance of mirogabalin (l h–1) was substantially slower after probenecid [6.67 (1.53)] or cimetidine [7.17 (1.68)] coadministration, compared with mirogabalin alone [11.3 (2.39)]. Coadministration of probenecid or cimetidine decreased mirogabalin mean (standard deviation) apparent total body clearance [10.5 (2.33) and 12.8 (2.67) l h–1, respectively, vs. 18.4 (3.93) for mirogabalin alone]. Conclusions: A greater magnitude of change in mirogabalin exposure was observed when coadministered with a drug that inhibits both renal and metabolic clearance (probenecid) vs. a drug that only affects renal clearance (cimetidine). However, as the increase in exposure is not clinically significant (>2‐fold), no a priori dose adjustment is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The paper tackles the problem of finding the correct solution to a set of multiple choice questions or labeling tasks, by adaptively assigning them to workers in a crowdsourcing system. When we do not initially know anything (besides common a priori statistics) about the workers and the questions involved, such problem becomes quite challenging and requires to jointly learn workers' abilities and questions' difficulties, while adaptively assigning questions to the most appropriate workers so as to maximize our chances to find which are the correct answers. To address such problem, we first cast it into a suitably constructed Bayesian framework which permits us to obtain an analytically tractable (closed form) single-question inference step, and then we address the more general framework via the Expectation Propagation algorithm, an approximated message-passing iterative technique. We then exploit the (time-varying) information gathered by the inference framework as adaptive weights for a maximum weight matching task assignment policy, proposing a computationally efficient algorithm which maximizes the entropy reduction for the questions assigned at each step. Experimental results both on synthetic and real-world data shows that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve accuracy in predicting the correct solution to multiple choice questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for predictions of flow time-series persists at ungauged catchments, motivating the research goals of our study. By means of the Sacramento model, this paper explores the use of parameter transfer within homogeneous regions of similar climate and flow characteristics and makes comparisons with predictions from a priori parameters. We assessed the performance using the Nash-Sutcliffe (NS), bias, mean monthly hydrograph and flow duration curve (FDC). The study was conducted on a large dataset of 73 catchments within the eastern US. Two approaches to the parameter transferability were developed and evaluated; (i) the within homogeneous region parameter transfer using one donor catchment specific to each region, (ii) the parameter transfer disregarding the geographical limits of homogeneous regions, where one donor catchment was common to all regions. Comparisons between both parameter transfers enabled to assess the gain in performance from the parameter regionalization and its respective constraints and limitations. The parameter transfer within homogeneous regions outperformed the a priori parameters and led to a decrease in bias and increase in efficiency reaching a median NS of 0.77 and a NS of 0.85 at individual catchments. The use of FDC revealed the effect of bias on the inaccuracy of prediction from parameter transfer. In one specific region, of mountainous and forested catchments, the prediction accuracy of the parameter transfer was less satisfactory and equivalent to a priori parameters. In this region, the parameter transfer from the outsider catchment provided the best performance; less-biased with smaller uncertainty in medium flow percentiles (40%–60%). The large disparity of energy conditions explained the lack of performance from parameter transfer in this region. Besides, the subsurface stormflow is predominant and there is a likelihood of lateral preferential flow, which according to its specific properties further explained the reduced efficiency. Testing the parameter transferability using criteria of similar climate and flow characteristics at ungauged catchments and comparisons with predictions from a priori parameters are a novelty. The ultimate limitations of both approaches are recognized and recommendations are made for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to assess the adaptive multipreconditioned FETI solvers (AMPFETI) on real industrial problems and hardware. The multipreconditioned FETI algorithm (first introduced as Simultaneous FETI (Gosselet et al., 2015) is a non-overlapping domain decomposition method which exhibits good robustness properties without requiring the explicit knowledge of the original partial differential equation, or any a priori analysis of the algebraic system through eigenvalues problems. Multipreconditioned FETI solves critical problems in significantly fewer iterations than classical FETI but each iteration involves a larger computational effort. An adaptive strategy (known as the adaptive multipreconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm (Spillane, 2016) has been proposed to achieve balance between robustness and efficiency and we will observe that it provides an efficient solver for the problems considered here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach is presented for the ultrasonic determination of the elastic constants in plate-like structures of an orthotropic material (e.g. composites) using a Time-of-Flight version of the Pulsed Ultrasonic Polar Scan (TOF P-UPS). A forward numerical model of the TOF P-UPS is coupled to an inversion algorithm, based on the genetic optimization principle, targeting the determination of the orthotropic elastic parameters, and the quality of the inversion is demonstrated for synthetic data representative for composites. The advantage of the new approach is that the presented TOF P-UPS inversion method does not require a priori knowledge about the symmetry class of the material, nor about the orientation of the main axes of symmetry. Furthermore, the TOF P-UPS inversion method yields an accurate characterization of the orthotropic elasticity tensor, even when applied to composite plates with small frequency-thickness ratios in which the traditional bulk wave approaches no longer hold. Finally, the robustness of the TOF P-UPS inversion method is demonstrated for noisy data by evaluating the results for a range of signal-to-noise ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plaquette models are short range ferromagnetic spin models that play a key role in the dynamic facilitation approach to the liquid glass transition. In this paper we perform a rigorous study of the thermodynamic properties of two dimensional plaquette models, the square and triangular plaquette models. We prove that for any positive temperature both models have a unique infinite volume Gibbs measure with exponentially decaying correlations. We analyse the scaling of three a priori different static correlation lengths in the small temperature regime, the mixing, cavity and multispin correlation lengths. Finally, using the symmetries of the model we determine an exact self similarity property for the infinite volume Gibbs measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we couple regularization techniques with the adaptive hp-version of the boundary element method ( hp-BEM) for the efficient numerical solution of linear elastic problems with nonmonotone contact boundary conditions. As a model example we treat the delamination of composite structures with a contaminated interface layer. This problem has a weak formulation in terms of a nonsmooth variational inequality. The resulting hemivariational inequality is first regularized and then discretized by an adaptive hp-BEM. We give conditions for the uniqueness of the solution and provide an a-priori error estimate. Furthermore, we prove the very first a-posteriori error estimate for the nonsmooth variational problem utilizing a novel mixed regularized formulation, thus enabling hp-adaptivity. Various numerical experiments illustrate the behavior, strengths and limitations of the proposed high-order approximation scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Trefftz method is a truly meshless boundary-type method, because the trial solutions automatically satisfy the governing equation. In order to stably solve the high-dimensional backward wave problems and the one-dimensional inverse source problems, we develop a multiple-scale polynomial Trefftz method (MSPTM), of which the scales are determined a priori by the collocation points. The MSPTM can retrieve the missing initial data and unknown time varying wave source. The present method can also be extended to solve the higher-dimensional wave equations long-term through the introduction of a director in the two-dimensional polynomial Trefftz bases. Several numerical examples reveal that the MSPTM is efficient and stable for solving severely ill-posed inverse problems of wave equations under large noises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present here a set of lecture notes on quantum thermodynamics and canonical typicality. Entanglement can be constructively used in the foundations of statistical mechanics. An alternative version of the postulate of equal a priori probability is derived making use of some techniques of convex geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to interpret the vertical electrical sounding data more reliably and effectively in the case of lacking proper priori information, two inverse schemes are proposed to invert combined resistivity and induced polarization data by using particle swarm optimization technique. Based on the computational formula of induced polarization, the inversion for chargeability/polarizability data can be transformed into inverting equivalent resistivity data. Then, the inversion for combined data can be decomposed into two procedures: inverting resistivity data and inverting equivalent resistivity data. A sequential inversion scheme is presented to run the two procedures sequentially. Contrast to the sequential scheme, a simultaneous one is proposed to invert resistivity and induced polarization data simultaneously. Both the sequential and simultaneous schemes are performed via centered-progressive particle swarm optimization algorithm for more exploratory purpose. Numerical experiments show that both the designed inversion algorithms can invert resistivity and induced polarization data successfully with fast convergence and high accuracy, even performed in a large search space. The inverse results are comparable to the results from generalized linear method. As an approximate importance sampler, the particle swarm optimization based algorithm can provide posterior analysis conveniently. We employ the posterior probability distributions of inverted model parameters to evaluate the performance and uncertainty of inversion. The posterior analysis and further field data testing show that the proposed inversion algorithms perform good sampling of the equivalence region and make sure that the global optimum can locate in the high probability areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hispania Sacra is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pittenweem Priory began life as the caput manor of a daughter-house established on May Island by Cluniac monks from Reading ( c. 1140). After its sale to St Andrews ( c. 1280), the priory transferred ashore. While retaining its traditional name, the 'Priory of May (alias Pittenweem)' was subsumed within the Augustinian priory of St Andrews. Its prior was elected from among the canons of the new mother house, but it was many decades before a resident community of canons was set up in Pittenweem. The traditional view, based principally on the 'non-conventual' status of the priory reiterated in fifteenth-century documents, is that there was 'no resident community' before the priorship of Andrew Forman (1495-1515). Archaeological evidence in Pittenweem, however, indicates that James Kennedy had embarked on significant development of the priory fifty years earlier. This suggests that, when the term 'non-conventual' is used in documents emanating from Kennedy's successors (Graham and Scheves), we should interpret it more as an assertion of superiority and control than as a description of realities in the priory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the modal account of propositional apriority, a proposition is a priori if it is possible to know it with a priori justification. Assuming that modal truths are necessarily true and that there are contingent a priori truths, this account has the undesirable consequence that a proposition can be a priori in a world in which it is false. Epistemic two-dimensionalism faces the same problem, since on its standard interpretation, it also entails that a priori propositions are necessarily a priori. In response to this problem, Chalmers and Rabern propose an alternative conception of propositional apriority as well as two-dimensional truth-conditions for apriority statements. Their proposal is also supposed to avoid another problem for the modal account, namely that it entails the existence of false instances of 'φ iff actually φ'. I discuss Chalmers and Rabern's account and point out a number of problems with it. I then develop my own account of propositional apriority that solves the problems in question, that can be accepted by friends and foes of two-dimensionalism alike, and that is also neutral with respect to the question of how one construes the objects of propositional apriority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an innovation tournament, an organizer solicits innovative ideas from a number of independent agents. Agents exert effort to develop their solutions, but their outcomes are unknown due to technical uncertainty and/or subjective evaluation criteria. To incentivize agents to make their best effort, the organizer needs to devise a proper award scheme. While extant literature either assumes a winner-take-all scheme a priori or shows its optimality under specific distributions for uncertainty, this paper derives necessary and sufficient conditions under which the winner-take-all scheme is optimal. These conditions are violated when agents perceive it very likely that only few agents receive high evaluation or when a tournament does not require substantial increase in agents' marginal cost of effort to develop high-quality solutions. Yet, the winner-take-all scheme is optimal in many practical situations, especially when agents have symmetric beliefs about their evaluation. In this case, the organizer should offer a larger winner prize when he is interested in obtaining a higher number of good solutions, but interestingly the organizer need not necessarily raise the winner prize when anticipating more participants to a tournament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the volume of scholarship dedicated to crusade motivation, comparative little has been said on how the crusades affected the lives of individuals, and how this played out once the returned home. Taking as a case study a Cheshire landholder, Geoffrey of Dutton, this article looks at the reasons for his crusade participation and his actions once he returned to Cheshire, arguing that he was changed by his experiences to the extent that he was concerned with remembering and conveying his own status as a returned pilgrim. It also looks at the impact of a relic of the True Cross he brought back and gave to the Augustinian priory of Norton. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the relation of gastronomy to medicine in 12th-century England in relation to a collection of recipes found in a manuscript from that period. Topics include food attitudes in medicine at the time, the notion of salsamenta as recipes involving salted foods, and the food culture of the Benedictine Priory at Durham Cathedral in Durham, England.

Despite the a priori character of philosophical history, in several passages of his main juridical and political writings, Kant identifies certain historical events as signs of progress. Moreover, he provides no criterion in order to justify the consideration of certain facts as relevant, while neglecting others as providing no supporting evidence against the progress of the human race. In this paper I analyze these difficulties in order to show that they can be solved, to some extent, if one considers the features Kant assigns to philosophical history, and more specifically, if one takes into account its a priori and normative character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce an Owen-type value for games with two-level communication structure, which is a structure where the players are partitioned into a coalition structure such that there exists restricted communication between as well as within the a priori unions of the coalition structure. Both types of communication restrictions are modeled by an undirected communication graph. We provide an axiomatic characterization of the new value using an efficiency, two types of fairness (one for each level of the communication structure), and a new type of axiom, called fair distribution of the surplus within unions, which compares the effect of replacing a union in the coalition structure by one of its maximal connected components on the payoffs of these components. The relevance of the new value is illustrated by an example. We also show that for particular two-level communication structures the Owen value and the Aumann-Drèze value for games with coalition structure, the Myerson value for communication graph games, and the equal surplus division solution appear as special cases of this new value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although sudden cardiac death (SCD) is recognized as a distinct cause of death in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), its incidence has not been well summarized.Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature based on a protocol developed a priori. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (inception to March 2015) for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies reporting the incidence of SCD in adult patients with ESRD on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. We collected data on number of SCD as well as the definition of SCD for each individual study. A random-effects model was used to summarize the incidence of SCD. We conducted subgroup analyses to explore sources of heterogeneity.Results: Forty two studies (n = 80,382 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The incidence of SCD among adults with ESRD ranged from 0.4 to 10.04 deaths per 100 person-years. The definitions and assessment of SCD varied across the included studies. There was evidence of significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 98; p < 0.001), which was not explained by subgroup analyses stratified by mean age, proportion of hypertensive or diabetic patients, follow-up time, study size, or type of cohort studied.Conclusion: Current estimates of the incidence of SCD among adults with ESRD vary widely. There is a need for further studies to more accurately estimate the incidence of SCD in patients with ESRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hispania Sacra is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article talks about the College Saint-Benoit-Saint-Germain house of study established by Pope Urban V in 1364 at the University of Montpellier in France. Topics discussed include the house being primarily intended for monks from the Abbey of Saint Victor in Marseille, France, a brief on the qualifications of Pope Urban, and the three communities of monks, secular clergy and monk-scholars that intended to populate the priory-college.

The earliest-known employment of Thomas Tallis was as ioculator organorum (organ-player) of the Benedictine monastery of Dover Priory, 1530-31. The account that records his engagement there discloses also some indication of the musical resources, in terms of an organ and five or six singingboys, that were placed at his disposal in this appointment, while study of the contracts of employment of other musicians holding similar posts elsewhere suggests some appreciation of the duties expected of him. This position emerges as relatively humble, and appears to have been best suited to discharge by some talented but still youthful musician at the very start of his adult career. Meanwhile, the appearance of his antiphon Salve intemerata Dei mater in London, British Library, Ms. Harley 1709 shows that even before his appointment to Dover Tallis was already a composer of some considerable accomplishment. The association of Dover Priory with the chapel of the household of its then patron, William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, may suggest both a locale for Tallis's earliest training as a youth, and an identification for the source of the patronage which secured him this employment at Dover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating the boost-phase trajectory of a ballistic missile using line of sight measurements from space-borne passive sensors is an important issue in missile defense. A well-known difficulty of this issue is the poor-observability of the target motion. A profile-based maximum penalised likelihood estimator is presented, which is expected to work in poor-observability scenarios. Firstly, a more adaptable boost-phase profile is proposed by introducing unknown parameters. Then, the estimator is given based on the Bayesian paradigm. After that, a special penalty for box constraint is constructed based on a mixed distribution. Numerical results for some typical scenarios and sensitivity with respect to a priori information are reported to show that the proposed estimator is promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current state-of-the-art models typically applied at continental to global scales (hereafter called macroscale) tend to use a priori parameters, resulting in suboptimal streamflow ( Q) simulation. For the first time, a scheme for regionalization of model parameters at the global scale was developed. We used data from a diverse set of 1787 small-to-medium sized catchments ( [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discussing the dating of the work of English monk and poet Robert Manning. He mentions Manning's tenure at Sempringham Priory in England, the reference to his priorship in the introduction to his poem "Handling Sin," and the records noting the actual priors during the time period.

The Dominicans, worried about the culture of their times, in the specific moment that we have analyzed, the tried founding brotherhoods of the Holy Rosary and the Holy Name of Jesus. In that way, they obey the commands from the General Chapters, and they made reality in their priories, for evangelize, what the Order made its own responsibility. In a breeze we have seen more than the friars made in Andalusia, Murcia, La Mancha, Estremadura and the Canary Islands. We have noticed the specific places where the brotherhoods of the Holy Rosary and the Holy Name of Jesus, with the names of the friars that worked in them and the circumstances about the foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative receiver architecture for the satellite-based automatic identification system has been recently proposed. In this paper, we describe a few modifications that can be introduced on the algorithms for synchronization and detection, which provide an impressive performance improvement. The receiver architecture has been designed for an on-board implementation, and a prototype has been implemented by the University of Parma and CGS S.p.A. Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio under the European Space Agency project FENICE (Flexible innovative AIS receiver prototype). A few modifications are also here described that could allow a further performance improvement in case of processing moved to ground-based stations, based on a priori information there available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continental climate change during the late glacial period has now been widely documented thanks to Cosmic-Ray Exposure (CRE) dating of glacial features. The accuracy of these CRE ages mainly relies on a priori knowledge of the production rate of the cosmogenic nuclide that has accumulated in a specific mineral. To produce unequivocal and accurate chronologies of glacier fluctuations during the late glacial period, it is crucial that the cosmogenic nuclide production rates are better constrained, particularly in the high tropics where existing spatial and temporal scaling models show significant discrepancies. Here we report a new production rate established at low latitude (19°S) and high elevation (3800 masl) on the Challapata fan-delta, at the edge of the Paleolake Tauca, on the flank of Cerro Azanaques (Bolivia). Sedimentological evidence for synchronicity with the Tauca Lake highstand along with U–Th and 14 C measurements established that the fan-delta is 16.07 ± 0.64 kyr BP old. In situ-produced 10 Be concentrations measured in 15 boulders lying on the fan-delta yield a mean 10 Be concentration of 4.92 ± 0.05 × 10 5 at g −1 . A local in situ 10 Be production rate of 30.8 ± 1.3 at g −1 yr −1 is thus obtained at 3800 masl and 19°S. Application of the “Lal-modified” scaling scheme to this Azanaques production rate, using a standard atmosphere and the Muscheler et al. (2005) geomagnetic reconstruction, leads to a Sea Level High Latitude (SLHL) in situ 10 Be production rate of 3.76 ± 0.15 at g −1 yr −1 (1σ uncertainty). In addition, we propose a reference in situ 10 Be calibration dataset for the region that combines the production rates of this study with those of Blard et al. (2013b) and Kelly et al. (2015). This dataset of three calibration sites shows a good consistency and yields a regional in situ 10 Be production rate of 3.74 ± 0.09 at g −1 yr −1 using the same scaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late medieval chroniclers frequently used narrative structure to give meaning to the events they recounted, but recent and problematic historical episodes could present a challenge. One small chronicle from an English priory, recounting the civil war of 1321-22, begins its story with confidence; but the structure of its narrative, and eventually even of its grammar, begins to disintegrate into uncertainty as the chronicler approaches his own present. A prosopographical study of the priory's patron family reveals the unsettled state of the local community in the wake of the civil war, suggesting that chroniclers' failures of meaning can be as revealing as their successes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a parameterized-background data-weak (PBDW) formulation of the variational data assimilation (state estimation) problem for systems modeled by partial differential equations. The main contributions are a constrained optimization weak framework informed by the notion of experimentally observable spaces; a priori and a posteriori error estimates for the field and associated linear-functional outputs; weak greedy construction of prior (background) spaces associated with an underlying potentially high-dimensional parametric manifold; stability-informed choice of observation functionals and related sensor locations; and finally, output prediction from the optimality saddle in [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the first a priori error analysis for the first hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for linear elasticity proposed in Internat. J. Numer. Methods Engrg. 80 (2009), no. 8, 1058-1092. We consider meshes made of polyhedral, shape-regular elements of arbitrary shape and show that, whenever piecewise-polynomial approximations of degree [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online adaptive optimal control methods based on reinforcement learning algorithms typically need to check for the persistence of excitation condition, which is necessary to be known a priori for convergence of the algorithm. However, this condition is often infeasible to implement or monitor online. This paper proposes an online concurrent reinforcement learning algorithm (CRLA) based on neural networks (NNs) to solve the H ∞ control problem of partially unknown continuous-time systems, in which the need for persistence of excitation condition is relaxed by using the idea of concurrent learning. First, H ∞ control problem is formulated as a two-player zero-sum game, and then, online CRLA is employed to obtain the approximation of the optimal value and the Nash equilibrium of the game. The proposed algorithm is implemented on actor-critic-disturbance NN approximator structure to obtain the solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation online forward in time. During the implementation of the algorithm, the control input that acts as one player attempts to make the optimal control while the other player, that is, disturbance, tries to make the worst-case possible disturbance. Novel update laws are derived for adaptation of the critic and actor NN weights. The stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed using Lyapunov technique, and the convergence to the Nash solution of the game is obtained. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]