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Zusammenfassung: Lungenfunktionstests (LuFu) sind für die Diagnose und Behandlung einer Vielzahl von Atemwegserkrankungen von entscheidender Bedeutung. Sie liefern wichtige Informationen über die Gesundheit der Lunge und helfen bei der Diagnose, der Beurteilung des Schweregrads der Erkrankung und der Entwicklung von Behandlungsstrategien für die Patienten. Diese Übersichtsarbeit befasst sich mit der Komplexität und den Nuancen, die mit der Interpretation von LuFu-Daten verbunden sind, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die jüngsten Aktualisierungen der European Respiratory Society (ERS) und der American Thoracic Society (ATS). Diese Aktualisierungen haben die Interpretationsstrategien verfeinert, weg von der definitiven diagnostischen Verwendung der Spirometrie hin zu einem eher probabilistischen Ansatz, der die individuelle Variabilität durch die Verwendung von Z-Scores und unteren Grenzwerten (lower limits of normal, LLN) besser berücksichtigt. Diese Übersichtsarbeit befasst sich mit dem philosophischen Wandel in der Interpretation der Spirometrie und hebt den Übergang von einer direkten klinischen Diagnose zu einer nuancierteren Beurteilung hervor, die sich auf die Bestimmung der Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Erkrankung konzentriert. Die Abhängigkeit von festen Verhältnissen wird kritisch betrachtet und die Notwendigkeit von Referenzwerten, die demographische Variablen wie Alter, Geschlecht, Körpergröße und ethnische Zugehörigkeit in Übereinstimmung mit den neuesten Gleichungen der Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) berücksichtigen, wird betont. Trotz dieser Fortschritte bleibt es eine Herausforderung, die Konsistenz der verschiedenen prädiktiven Modelle und Referenzgleichungen zu gewährleisten, was die Genauigkeit und Einheitlichkeit der Interpretationen beeinträchtigen kann. In dieser Arbeit wird ein rationalisierter, 3-stufiger Rahmen für die Interpretation von Lungenfunktionstests vorgeschlagen, der darauf abzielt, den Prozess zu vereinheitlichen und zu vereinfachen, um die Klarheit und Zuverlässigkeit in allen medizinischen Fachbereichen zu verbessern. Dieser Ansatz unterstützt nicht nur eine genaue Patientenbeurteilung, sondern reduziert auch das Potenzial für Fehldiagnosen und gewährleistet ein effektiveres Patientenmanagement. Durch die Zusammenfassung aktueller Leitlinien und die Integration solider physiologischer Prinzipien fördert diese Übersichtsarbeit einen standardisierten, aber dennoch flexiblen Ansatz zur Interpretation von Lungenfunktionstests, der sowohl wissenschaftlich fundiert als auch praktisch umsetzbar ist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binocular diplopia limits quality of life by hampering visual function. There are several treatment options with individual advantages and drawbacks. Contact lenses have recently emerged as an attractive treatment delivery mechanism due to advances in lens manufacturing and imaging modalities. Contact lenses can offer better comfort, efficacy, and cosmetic appeal compared to alternative treatments such as spectacles. They also present unique challenges due to risks of inflammation, infection, and intolerability. This review will explore the management of binocular diplopia using several types of contact lenses including base down prism in contact lenses, scleral lenses, occlusive lenses, and monovision lenses. Increased awareness of differing contact lens will help providers and patients make better informed decisions about diplopia management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shan Xiao,1,&ast; Jie Ou,2,&ast; Wangli Qiu,3,&ast; Chunxin Ye,1 Na Li,1 Sida Chen,1 Yuting Lai,1 Zhishan Deng,4 Fan Wu,4 Yan Shen1 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Longgang District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China; 4State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease & National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yan Shen, Email drshenyan2022@163.com Fan Wu, Email wu.fan@vip.163.comBackground: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is defined as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC)≥ 0.70 and FEV1< 80% predicted. Previous studies have shown that individuals with PRISm may develop airflow obstruction and have an increased mortality risk. However, studies with long-term follow-up are lacking, and this topic has not been evaluated in the general population. We explored the all-cause mortality risk of individuals with PRISm in a large sample of the general population.Methods: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III and 2007– 2012. Participants aged 20– 79 years at baseline and who underwent spirometry were included. Normal spirometry was defined as a prebronchodilator FEV1/FVC≥ 0.70 and FEV1≥ 80% predicted. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to compare all-cause mortality between the groups. We performed sensitivity analyses stratified by the lower limit of normal definition of spirometry criteria. Subgroup analyses by sex, age, smoking status, race, body mass index, level of education, poverty-to-income ratio, respiratory symptoms, and comorbidities were performed in participants with the different spirometry classifications.Results: Overall, 24,691 participants were included, with a median follow-up time of 25.7 years. Of these, 19,969 had normal spirometry and 1,452 had PRISm. PRISm was associated with a high all-cause mortality risk (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR]=2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.25– 2.71, P< 0.001; adjusted HR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.54– 1.86, P< 0.001) compared with normal spirometry. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses showed a similar increased all-cause mortality risk in PRISm.Conclusion: Our finding revealed that PRISm was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in the general population compared with normal spirometry. Further research is needed to explore the intervention effect of PRISm.Keywords: PRISm, preserved ratio with impaired spirometry, normal spirometry, all-cause mortality, symptom, comorbidity

Masonry buildings remain popular worldwide due to their readily available materials, high compressive strength, ease of construction, and affordability. Therefore, understanding the impact of mortar on the compressive strength of masonry is essential. This study aimed to determine the compressive strength and failure patterns of masonry, focusing particularly on mortar. An experimental program was conducted, involving a total of 54 specimens: 27 cubes, 27 cylinders, and 9 masonry prisms. The cement-to-sand ratio (c/s) varied at ratios of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5, while the water-to-cement ratio (w/c) remained fixed at 0.45. Each prism consisted of 5 bricks separated by a 10 mm mortar layer. Compressive strength data for cubes and cylinders were collected at 3, 7, and 28 days, while data for prisms were collected only at 28 days. The best results have been obtained at a c/s ratio of 1:3, with compressive strengths of 3555.5 psi for cubes, 3282.98 psi for cylinders, and a compressive force value of 129.33 kN for prisms at 28 days. The compressive strength of cubes and cylinders increases by approximately 68.19% and 64.61%, respectively, and the compressive force of masonry prisms increases by approximately 76.48% at 28 days when the cement-to-sand ratio is changed from 1:5 to 1:3. Stresses, graphs, and failure patterns have been analyzed and compared with the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 2020 and available literature, revealing a strong correlation.

Abstract Laterite is a naturally occurring rock formation that is used worldwide as a building material in tropical regions. Its unique features have enabled some of the most astounding architectural feats, which irrevocably altered the cultural and historical contexts of their surroundings. This study examines the laterite stone masonry performance, with a specific focus considering its mechanical properties, mineral composition, and microstructure. However, mineralogical composition and microstructural features vary, affecting mechanical qualities and endurance. The study also extensively examines four varieties of laterite samples used for construction in the Udupi region. Experiments were performed to determine the percentage of water absorption and its impact on the compressive strength of Laterite stone. L1 Laterite stone showed better performance due to its exceptional strength. It surpasses the other samples and is well-suited for the construction of load-bearing structures as it aligns with the IS 3620 standards. Stack bond masonry prism samples were built using four varieties of laterite stones with 1:6 cement mortar for the joints. These prism specimens were subsequently tested under compression, tension, and shear loading to determine the variation in their behaviour. The series of tests performed revealed that the prisms failed due to splitting and crushing under compression loads. In shear and tensile bond tests, all laterite masonry prism samples failed due to rupture of the joint. Microstructure study confirmed that the increased strength of lateritic samples L1 and L2 is due to less prominent clay particles coupled with a higher percentage of ferrous content.

Alexander Evans,1 Yasir Tarabichi,2 Wilson D Pace,3,4 Barry Make,5 Nicholas Bushell,6 Victoria Carter,7 Ku-Lang Chang,8 Chester Fox,9 MeiLan K Han,10 Alan Kaplan,11,12 Janwillem WH Kocks,13– 15 Chantal Le Lievre,6 Alexander Roussos,6 Neil Skolnik,10,16 Joan B Soriano,17 Barbara P Yawn,10 David Price1,6,7,18 1Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; 2Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, MetroHealth, Cleveland, OH, USA; 3DARTNet Institute, Aurora, CO, USA; 4Department of Family Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; 5Department of Medicine, National Jewish Hospital, Denver, CO, USA; 6Optimum Patient Care, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 7Optimum Patient Care, Oakington, Cambridge, UK; 8Lucas Research, a Centricity Research Company, Morehead City, NC, USA; 9University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; 10University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; 11Family Physician Airways Group of Canada, Stouffville, Ontario, Canada; 12University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 13General Practitioners Research Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands; 14Groningen Research Institute Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; 15Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; 16Abington Jefferson Health, Jenkintown, PA, USA; 17School of Medicine, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain; 18Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UKCorrespondence: David Price, Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, 22 Sin Ming Lane, &num;06-76, Midview City, Singapore, 573969, Singapore, Tel +65 3105 1489, Email dprice@opri.sgBackground: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) represents a population with spirometry results that do not meet standardized COPD obstruction criteria, yet present with high respiratory symptom burden and might benefit from respiratory management and treatment. We aimed to determine prevalence of PRISm in US primary care patients diagnosed with COPD, describe their demographic, clinical, and CT scan characteristics.Methods: An observational registry study utilizing the US APEX COPD registry, composed of patients diagnosed with COPD aged 35+ years. Demographic and clinical data were collected from EHRs and complemented by questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess whether PRISm predicts lung function decline.Results: Prevalence of PRISm within a primary care population clinically diagnosed with COPD was 23.6% (678/2866, 95% CI 22.0– 25.1). Those with PRISm were more likely female (55.9% vs 46.9%), younger (66.3± 11.1 vs 69.2± 10.3 years), with a greater mean BMI (33.5± 9.2 vs 27.8± 7.2 kg/m2), more often African American or Hispanic (37.2% vs 26.3%), and with fewer current smokers (33.1% vs 36.8%) when compared to those meeting COPD spirometry criteria (all p< 0.05). Compared to COPD GOLD 0 patients, individuals with PRISm had greater BMI (33.5± 9.2 vs 30.6± 7.8), and were more likely current smokers (33.1% vs 23.4%), both p< 0.05. Patients with PRISm had similar respiratory symptoms (chronic bronchitis, CAT, and mMRC) to overall COPD patients, but more frequently than GOLD 0 COPD patients (p< 0.01). Emphysema was more commonly reported in CT scans from patients with PRISm 70.3% (260/369, 95% CI 65.8– 75.3) than those with GOLD 0 COPD 64.1% (218/340, 95% CI 58.8– 69.2) (p< 0.05). PRISm status was not predictive of lung function decline.Interpretation: One in four primary care patients with clinically diagnosed COPD in a large US registry fulfil the spirometric definition of PRISm rather than COPD, but suffers from emphysema in CT and significant respiratory symptoms.Keywords: APEX, COPD, PRISm, US primary care, COPD exacerbations, electronic health records, patient reported outcomes

AIM: To investigate the effect of using base-out prisms on nystagmus, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with albinism. METHODS: In this interventional study, patients with albinism who had nystagmus were enrolled. A comprehensive eye exam was conducted, which included refraction, assessment of far and near vision acuity, and contrast sensitivity measurements. To check for the nystagmus, a videonystagmography was used. The tests were carried out in three modes: without any correction, with optical correction, and with correction using base-out prisms in three different powers, including 4, 6, and 8 prism diopters. RESULTS: Totally 23 patients with average age of 28.65±12.13 were examined. It was found that the use of optical correction and optical correction with prisms resulted in a statistically significant improvement in both far (at least: P

Laterite is a naturally occurring rock formation that is used worldwide as a building material in tropical regions. Its unique features have enabled some of the most astounding architectural feats, which irrevocably altered the cultural and historical contexts of their surroundings. This study examines the laterite stone masonry performance, with a specific focus considering its mechanical properties, mineral composition, and microstructure. However, mineralogical composition and microstructural features vary, affecting mechanical qualities and endurance. The study also extensively examines four varieties of laterite samples used for construction in the Udupi region. Experiments were performed to determine the percentage of water absorption and its impact on the compressive strength of Laterite stone. L1 Laterite stone showed better performance due to its exceptional strength. It surpasses the other samples and is well-suited for the construction of load-bearing structures as it aligns with the IS 3620 standards. Stack bond masonry prism samples were built using four varieties of laterite stones with 1:6 cement mortar for the joints. These prism specimens were subsequently tested under compression, tension, and shear loading to determine the variation in their behaviour. The series of tests performed revealed that the prisms failed due to splitting and crushing under compression loads. In shear and tensile bond tests, all laterite masonry prism samples failed due to rupture of the joint. Microstructure study confirmed that the increased strength of lateritic samples L1 and L2 is due to less prominent clay particles coupled with a higher percentage of ferrous content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Ocular proprioception is implicated in balance control and heterophoria is associated with abnormal posture, though previous research focused mainly on the role of vertical phoria and the use of vertical prisms. This study aims to evaluate whether ocular misalignment and prismatic correction of horizontal phoria affect posture. Methods: Sixty-nine (N = 69) young healthy subjects were included and equally divided by horizontal distance phoria: orthophoria (n = 23), esophoria (n = 23) and exophoria (n = 23). A prism of low power (two-diopter) was placed base out on the non-dominant eye, reducing misalignment in esophorics and increasing it in exophorics more than in orthophorics. Dynamic computerized posturography was performed with the sensory organization test protocol (SOT) of the EquiTest® NeuroCom® version 8 platform both without and with prism, always maintaining subjects unaware of prism use. A mixed model for repeated measures analysis of variance was run to evaluate the main effect of prism and the interaction effect of prism with baseline phoria. Results: Composite movement strategy score without prism was 88.1 ± 2.8% (ankle-dominant strategy) and slightly increased to 89.0 ± 3.1% with prism insertion (p = 0.004), further shifting toward ankle strategy. Composite equilibrium score without prism was 80.3 ± 6.5% and remained stable with prism insertion (81.3 ± 8.2%, p = 0.117), medio-lateral and antero-posterior projection of center of gravity did not displace significantly under prism insertion (p = 0.652 and p = 0.270, respectively). At baseline, posturographic parameters were statistically independent of individual phoria, and no significant interaction between prism insertion and individual phoria was documented for any parameters (p > 0.05 for all). Secondary analysis and pairwise comparisons confirmed that the effect of prism was strongly selective on condition SOT 5 (eyes-closed, platform sway-referenced) with improvement of equilibrium (70.4 ± 9.7% with prism vs. 65.7 ± 11.6% without) and more use of ankle strategy (81.6 ± 5.3% with prism vs. 78.2 ± 6.0% without), without any interaction of phoria and ocular dominance, while the other conditions were comparable with and without prism. Conclusions: A two-diopter prism base out on the non-dominant eye induces the body to use the ankle joint more independently of individual phoria, suggesting a small improvement in postural control, while maintaining oscillations of the center of gravity unaltered. Prism seems to enhance the function of vestibular system selectively. Phoria adjustments with prismatic correction enable intervention in postural behavior. Extraocular muscles could act as proprioceptors influencing postural stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a connected simple graph. Denoted by $ Kf(G) $ K f (G) the Kirchhoff index of G. In this note, we study the Laplacian spectra of two types of networks $ P_{m}\times P_{n} $ P m × P n and $ P_{m}\times C_{n} $ P m × C n . As a special case, explicit formulas for the Kirchhoff index and number of spanning trees of prisms are obtained. Some other interesting results, such as the expression for the coefficient $ a_{n-2} $ a n − 2 of the Laplacian characteristic polynomials of cycles, are also derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), barriers such as low system readiness, contextual mismatches, and resource limitations impede effective implementation of evidence-based interventions. This commentary offers insights into overcoming these challenges with a case study of the PRISM project, designed to reduce behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in older adults living in Thailand. The case highlights how combining two evidence-based models - the Reducing Disability in Alzheimer's Disease clinical intervention and the Getting To Outcomes implementation science process enhances program success. Using interviews with stakeholders across various health system levels, we identify factors critical to successful program implementation: (1) integrating interventions into policy frameworks, (2) empowering local implementers, (3) fostering collaborative learning, and (4) adapting interventions to local contexts. The case demonstrates that building system readiness through local engagement and ownership is central to scaling up health programs in LMICs. This commentary's contribution lies in its emphasis on the role of implementation science as a vehicle for translating research into practice. It presents a practical, adaptive model for embedding interventions into routine health systems, thereby offering a pathway for successfully scaling up evidence-based programs in LMICs. Such findings provide lessons for overcoming barriers to implementation in resource-limited environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reflection on both student and teacher perspectives is crucial for effective communication and professional relationships during education. Objectives: This observational cohort study aimed to compare students' self-assessment with teacher assessments, as well as with estimated self-assessment and estimated teacher-assessment, using the pictorial representation of illness and self-measure (PRISM) during an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Additionally, it sought to compare self-assessment and teacher-assessment with OSCE scores. Methods: Fourth-year dental students (n = 44) were included at the beginning of their clinical course. Three tasks were selected for the OSCE exams: Oral examination on a model (task 1), matrix placement (task 2), and endodontic radiograph evaluation (task 3). Objective structured clinical examination scores were rated by an independent rater. Students and one of three calibrated teachers used PRISM to evaluate their respective assessments independently and blinded from each other. The relationships between the different assessments were determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: For task 1, a moderate correlation was found between students' self-assessment and estimated self-assessment (r = 0.44, P < 0.01). For task 2, moderate correlations were observed between self-assessment and teacher-assessment, estimated teacher-assessment and teacher-assessment, as well as between self-assessment and estimated self-assessment (P ≤ 0.01). For task 3, moderate correlations were found between self-assessment and teacher-assessment, and between self-assessment and estimated self-assessment (P < 0.01). A moderate negative correlation between self-assessment and the OSCE score was observed only for task 2 (r = -0.41, P = 0.01). Moderate negative correlations between teacher-assessment in PRISM and the OSCE score were found for all three tasks (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Self-assessment and teacher-assessment using PRISM exhibited task-dependent correlations, while results for estimated assessments varied. PRISM may serve as a promising tool for feedback and discussion in the future, as it seems capable of highlighting different views and expectations in the teaching context. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing emphasis on reducing the gap between research and routine practice. Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) science offers theories, models, and frameworks to enhance the implementation, impact, and sustainment of new programs and interventions. Few training opportunities are available that help leaders, researchers, clinicians, and staff (implementers) translate original research into practice settings in a more timely and effective manner without requiring significant time away from their primary clinical duties. To address these needs, we designed a virtual Designing for Dissemination and Implementation (D4D&I) Learning Hub that offered foundational D&I knowledge and opportunities for skill building. We developed the D4D&I Learning Hub curricula to train novice participants in the multicomponent D4D&I implementation strategy bundle when implementing new programs or innovations. The components of the D4D&I strategy bundle include (i) Pre-implementation assessment for proactive planning and multilevel contextual assessment, (ii) Multilevel partner engagement to learn what is important to end-users and obtain buy-in, (iii) Implementation and adaptations guided by a pre-implementation assessment while retaining program fidelity, and (iv) Program evaluation. We utilized a virtual e-learning platform, expert trainers, mentorship, and a Virtual Learning Collaborative to deliver the six-module curricula to support participants' growth and success. We used quantitative and qualitative methods informed by the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model to evaluate the D4D&I Learning Hub. Thirty-one participants completed the D4D&I Learning Hub across four cohorts. Participants found the D4D&I curricula relevant and favorable, indicating they acquired the intended knowledge and skills. In presentations of their key takeaways, participants cited a greater understanding of how to apply various D&I theories, models, and frameworks to their research, engage multilevel partners during all phases of implementation and evaluation, and assess fidelity and adaptations. Participants planned to incorporate the acquired D&I knowledge and skills in future publications, grant applications, and when implementing new programs and projects in clinical settings. The D4D&I Learning Hub provides foundational education for novice participants of D&I science. It promotes designing, disseminating, implementing, and evaluating effective programs in clinical settings. This article discusses the development and implementation of the D4D&I Learning Hub. In addition, we evaluated the first four cohorts using the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical approach is presented to significantly enhance the spectral sensitivity of prism-based SPR sensors. The spectral sensitivity of prism-based SPR sensors is derived based on the coupling conditions of SPR and might exceed 105 nm/RIU for analytes with large RI values when other sensor parameters are carefully considered, including the RI of the prism, the angle of incidence, and the SPR active material. The spectral sensitivity could be markedly enhanced, reaching up to 10,000 nm/RIU by fine-tuning the effective RI of the incident light to be slightly larger, specifically 0.01~0.02 RIU, than the RI of the analyte, which is attributed to the large dielectric permittivity of the SPR active material, the key factor for achieving high sensitivity. The dynamic range is 0.040 RIU in the case of high sensitivity, which is sufficient in most applications. Moreover, the spectral sensitivity could be pushed even higher, into the range of 106~108 nm/RIU, by positioning the effective RI of the incident light closer to that of the analyte. However, it requires a careful balance between optimizing the sensitivity and maintaining an acceptable dynamic range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the synthesis and characterization of ZnO particles with varying morphologies—triangular, spherical, and urchin‐like—that were produced through a simple, solvothermal process. The morphology, surface area, and photocatalytic performance of the ZnO particles could be customized by meticulously regulating the synthesis parameters, particularly the temperature and solvent. The findings indicated that all samples crystallized as pure wurtzite ZnO with a uniform crystallite size of 34.7 ± 1.8 nm and energy band gap of 3.29 eV. The spherical E‐200 particles, which exhibit the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieved an average of 25.27 ± 5.88% methylene blue (MB) degradation after 24 h. These particles were distinguished by a significant surface area of 30.56 m2/g and an average pore size of 45 nm. Furthermore, all ZnO samples exhibited a significant adsorption capacity (≤ 20%) for MB under dark condition, underscoring their potential as effective adsorbents for environmental pollutants. These results emphasize the significance of precise synthesis and morphology control in the optimization of functional properties of ZnO for environmental remediation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper we investigate the pair difference cordial labeling behaviour of some product related graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPreserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) is increasingly recognized as a precursor to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The impact of Ultra-Processed Foods (UPFs) intake on PRISm and lung function remains underexplored, and we aimed to explore their associations.MethodsThis study included 8,336 U.S. adults. Weighted logistic and linear regression models were employed for main analysis. Dose–response relationship was examined through restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analyses explored interactions with selected covariates.ResultsParticipants in the PRISm group were older and exhibited various adverse health characteristics. The percentage of total daily energy intake from UPFs (%Kcal) intake was associated with a non-significant increase in PRISm risk (OR 1.67, 95% CI: 0.96–2.92, p = 0.07). However, the highest quartile of UPFs (%Kcal) intake was significantly linked to increased PRISm risk (OR 1.36, 95% CI: 0.99–1.86, P for trend = 0.043). Furthermore, higher UPFs (%Kcal) intake negatively affected lung function, with participants in the highest quartile showing a significant reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of −45.5 mL (95% CI: −87.6 to −3.4, P for trend = 0.045) and a decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) of −139.4 mL (95% CI: −223.5 to −55.4, p

Abstract Background Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) is considered to be a precursor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Radiomics nomogram can effectively identify the PRISm subjects from non-COPD subjects, especially when during large-scale CT lung cancer screening. Methods Totally 1481 participants (864, 370 and 247 in training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts, respectively) were included. Whole lung on thin-section computed tomography (CT) was segmented with a fully automated segmentation algorithm. PyRadiomics was adopted for extracting radiomics features. Clinical features were also obtained. Moreover, Spearman correlation analysis, minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) feature ranking and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) classifier were adopted to analyze whether radiomics features could be used to build radiomics signatures. A nomogram that incorporated clinical features and radiomics signature was constructed through multivariable logistic regression. Last, calibration, discrimination and clinical usefulness were analyzed using validation cohorts. Results The radiomics signature, which included 14 stable features, was related to PRISm of training and validation cohorts (p

Abstract Understanding the prevalence of abnormal lung function and its associated factors among patients recovering from COVID-19 is crucial for enhancing post-COVID care strategies. This study primarily aimed to determine the prevalence and types of spirometry abnormalities among post-COVID-19 patients in Malaysia, with a secondary objective of identifying its associated factors. Conducted at the COVID-19 Research Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University Technology MARA, from March 2021 to December 2022, this study included patients at least three months post-discharge from hospitals following moderate-to-critical COVID-19. Of 408 patients studied, abnormal spirometry was found in 46.8%, with 28.4% exhibiting a restrictive pattern, 17.4% showing preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), and 1.0% displaying an obstructive pattern. Factors independently associated with abnormal spirometry included consolidation on chest X-ray (OR 8.1, 95% CI 1.75–37.42, p = 0.008), underlying cardiovascular disease (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.19–10.47, p = 0.023), ground-glass opacity on chest X-ray (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.52–4.30, p

Abstract Background Diabetes is a serious public health problem affecting 37.3 million Americans. Diabetes shared medical appointments (SMAs) are an effective strategy for providing diabetes self-management support and education in primary care. However, practices delivering SMAs experience implementation challenges. This analysis examined conditions associated with successful practice implementation of diabetes SMAs in the context of participation in a pragmatic trial. Methods Mixed methods study using qualitative and quantitative data collected from interviews, observations, surveys, and practice-reported data, guided by the practical, robust implementation and sustainability model (PRISM). Data were analyzed using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Successful implementation was defined as meeting patient recruitment targets (Reach) during the study period. Participants were clinicians and staff members from 22 primary care practices in Colorado and Missouri, USA. Results The first necessary condition identified from the QCA was the presence of additional resources for patients with diabetes in the practice. Within practices that had these additional resources, we found that a sufficiency condition was the presence of an effective key person to make things happen with the SMAs. A second QCA was conducted to determine conditions underlying the presence of the effective key person (often performing functions of an implementation champion), which revealed factors including low or managed employee turnover, a strong baseline practice culture, and previous experience delivering SMAs. Conclusions Identification of key factors necessary and sufficient for implementation of new care processes is important to enhance patient access to evidence-based interventions. This study suggests that practice features and resources have important implications for implementation of diabetes SMAs. There may be opportunities to support practices with SMA implementation by enabling the presence of skilled implementation champions. Trial registration Registered at clinicaltrials.gov under trial ID NCT03590041, registered on July 18, 2018.

Detecting biomolecular interactions without labeling has become possible because of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing development. In this work, we report on investigating an SPR sensor designed especially for pregnancy detection. The sensor has a multi-layered structure of BK7, silver, platinum, graphene, and magnesium difluoride. The simulation and analysis have been conducted in both normal and pregnant urine with the effective refractive index values of 1.335, 1.34, 1.342, and 1.343 to detect the pregnancy. The structure is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software and optimized using the transfer matrix method. The sensitivity (S), detection accuracy (DA), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and figure of merit (FoM) optical properties have all been examined using this proposed SPR sensor. The sensor outperformed typical SPR sensors with an impressive sensitivity of 430 degree/RIU (refractive index unit) for pregnancy cases with three layers of platinum (Pt) and graphene (G) each, as determined by angular interrogation and MATLAB simulations. For the monolayer of Pt and G, other parameter-optimized value comes out to be 1.323 degree (FWHM), 0.755857 degree−1 (DA), 109.0383 RIU−1 (FoM) for non-pregnancy case and pregnancy case the computed values of FWHM, DA, and FoM are 1.409 degree, 0.709723 degree−1, and 111.1111 RIU−1 respectively. To accurately detect pregnancy biomarkers, the great sensitivity of the sensor makes it possible to detect even the smallest changes in the refractive index (RI) in the vicinity of the sensor surface. This novel sensor has potential uses in point-of-care testing and clinical diagnostics due to its ability to detect pregnancy quickly and non-invasively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) is considered to be a precursor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Radiomics nomogram can effectively identify the PRISm subjects from non-COPD subjects, especially when during large-scale CT lung cancer screening. Methods: Totally 1481 participants (864, 370 and 247 in training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts, respectively) were included. Whole lung on thin-section computed tomography (CT) was segmented with a fully automated segmentation algorithm. PyRadiomics was adopted for extracting radiomics features. Clinical features were also obtained. Moreover, Spearman correlation analysis, minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) feature ranking and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) classifier were adopted to analyze whether radiomics features could be used to build radiomics signatures. A nomogram that incorporated clinical features and radiomics signature was constructed through multivariable logistic regression. Last, calibration, discrimination and clinical usefulness were analyzed using validation cohorts. Results: The radiomics signature, which included 14 stable features, was related to PRISm of training and validation cohorts (p < 0.001). The radiomics nomogram incorporating independent predicting factors (radiomics signature, age, BMI, and gender) well discriminated PRISm from non-COPD subjects compared with clinical model or radiomics signature alone for training cohort (AUC 0.787 vs. 0.675 vs. 0.778), internal (AUC 0.773 vs. 0.682 vs. 0.767) and external validation cohorts (AUC 0.702 vs. 0.610 vs. 0.699). Decision curve analysis suggested that our constructed radiomics nomogram outperformed clinical model. Conclusions: The CT-based whole lung radiomics nomogram could identify PRISm to help decision-making in clinic. Key message: What is already known on this topic: Identifying PRISm subjects among non-COPD subjects, especially in the context of large-scale CT lung cancer screening, is currently a challenge. What this study adds: In this retrospective, and multicentric study that included 1481 subjects, radiomics nomogram developed by integrating radiomics signature and clinical features achieved good performance for the identification of PRISm, with AUC of 0.787, 0.773 and 0.702 in training, internal and external validation cohort. How this study might affect research, practice or policy: Radiomics nomogram, as a promising tool for identifying the PRISm from non-COPD subjects, hold great potential for guiding timely treatment and showing the added value of chest CT to evaluate the lung function status besides the morphological evaluation, especially during large-scale CT lung cancer screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Rationale: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is a recently recognized spirometric pattern defined by a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity of at least 0.70 and a forced expiratory volume in 1 second  <80% of reference. For unclear reasons, PRISm is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Arterial stiffness is a major mechanism of CV disease, which can be measured by carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV). Objectives: We explored the hypothesis that cfPWV would be increased in individuals with PRISm and airflow limitation (AL). Methods: We measured forced spirometry, lung volumes by body plethysmography, and cfPWV in 9,466 subjects recruited from the general population in the Austrian cross-sectional LEAD (Lung, Heart, Social, Body) study and tested the association of arterial stiffness with PRISm and AL by multivariable linear regression analysis. Individuals younger than 18 years were excluded from the study. Results: Individuals with PRISm (n = 431; 4.6%) were of similar age to those with normal spirometry (n = 8,136; 85.9%) and significantly younger than those with AL (n = 899; 9.5%). Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and peripheral arterial occlusive disease were significantly more common in individuals with PRISm than in those with normal lung function and similar to those with AL. There was a significant association between PRISm and arterial stiffness on bivariate linear regression analysis (crude model, β = 0.038; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.016–0.058), which persisted after robust adjustment for clinical confounders upon multivariable analysis (final model, β = 0.017; 95% CI, 0.001–0.032). cfPWV was significantly higher in individuals with PRISm irrespective of the presence of established CV disease or pulmonary restriction. AL also showed a significant association with arterial stiffness on multivariable linear regression analysis (final model, β = 0.025; 95% CI, 0.009–0.042). Conclusions: Arterial stiffness measured by cfPWV is increased in individuals with PRISm independent of CV disease and risk factors. The pathobiological mechanisms underlying this association deserve further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (MPWP, ~ 3.264–3.025 Ma) is the most recent example of a persistently warmer climate in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 concentrations similar to today. Towards studying patterns and dynamics of a warming climate the MPWP is often compared to today. Following the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) protocol we prepare a water isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM1.2) simulation that is warmer and wetter than the PlioMIP2 multi-model ensemble (MME). While our simulation resembles PlioMIP2 MME in many aspects we find added insights. (1) Considerable warmth at high latitudes exceeds previous simulations. Polar amplification (PA) is comparable to proxies, enabled by iCESM1.2's high climate sensitivity and a distinct method of ocean initialization. (2) Major driver of warmth is the downward component of clear-sky surface long-wave radiation ( Δ T rlds _ clearsky ). (3) In iCESM1.2 modulated dominance of dynamic (δDY) processes causes different low-latitude (~ 30 S°–10°N) precipitation response than the PlioMIP2 MME, where thermodynamic processes (δTH) dominate. (4) Modulated local condensation leads to lower δ18Op across tropical Indian Ocean and surrounding Asian-African-Australian monsoon regions. (5) We find contrasting changes in tropical atmospheric circulations (Hadley and Walker cells). Anomalous regional meridional (zonal) circulation, forced by changes in tropical-subtropical (tropical) diabatic processes, presents a more comprehensive perspective than explaining weakened and expanded Hadley circulation (strengthened and westward-shifted Walker circulation) via static stability. (6) Enhanced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation owes to a closed Bering Strait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although waste‐to‐energy (WtE) incineration projects have boosted the economic effectiveness of the waste management system, locals frequently view them with suspicion, opposition, or even outright rejection because of potential environmental and health risks. In this study, by incorporating two additional variables, namely, objective knowledge and benefit perceptions, the planned risk information seeking model (PRISM) was extended in the context of the WtE incineration project. A total of 1726 respondents were interviewed in person. Results from the structural equation modeling indicated that the extended PRISM achieved excellent fits, suggesting the generalizability of the model in these contexts. Objective knowledge and subjective knowledge have a positive and direct impact on perceived knowledge insufficiency. The impact of benefit and risk perceptions on worry is the opposite, with risk perceptions having a greater direct effect on worry. However, compared with risk perceptions, the direct effect that benefit perceptions have on perceived knowledge insufficiency is stronger. Additionally, perceived knowledge insufficiency partially or completely mediates the relationships between all antecedents, except perceived seeking control, and information‐seeking intention. This study suggests that risk managers carefully consider how to establish powerful communication tactics to shape these antecedents when introducing a "not in my backyard" project to the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes is a serious public health problem affecting 37.3 million Americans. Diabetes shared medical appointments (SMAs) are an effective strategy for providing diabetes self-management support and education in primary care. However, practices delivering SMAs experience implementation challenges. This analysis examined conditions associated with successful practice implementation of diabetes SMAs in the context of participation in a pragmatic trial. Methods: Mixed methods study using qualitative and quantitative data collected from interviews, observations, surveys, and practice-reported data, guided by the practical, robust implementation and sustainability model (PRISM). Data were analyzed using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Successful implementation was defined as meeting patient recruitment targets (Reach) during the study period. Participants were clinicians and staff members from 22 primary care practices in Colorado and Missouri, USA. Results: The first necessary condition identified from the QCA was the presence of additional resources for patients with diabetes in the practice. Within practices that had these additional resources, we found that a sufficiency condition was the presence of an effective key person to make things happen with the SMAs. A second QCA was conducted to determine conditions underlying the presence of the effective key person (often performing functions of an implementation champion), which revealed factors including low or managed employee turnover, a strong baseline practice culture, and previous experience delivering SMAs. Conclusions: Identification of key factors necessary and sufficient for implementation of new care processes is important to enhance patient access to evidence-based interventions. This study suggests that practice features and resources have important implications for implementation of diabetes SMAs. There may be opportunities to support practices with SMA implementation by enabling the presence of skilled implementation champions. Trial registration: Registered at clinicaltrials.gov under trial ID NCT03590041, registered on July 18, 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the prevalence of abnormal lung function and its associated factors among patients recovering from COVID-19 is crucial for enhancing post-COVID care strategies. This study primarily aimed to determine the prevalence and types of spirometry abnormalities among post-COVID-19 patients in Malaysia, with a secondary objective of identifying its associated factors. Conducted at the COVID-19 Research Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University Technology MARA, from March 2021 to December 2022, this study included patients at least three months post-discharge from hospitals following moderate-to-critical COVID-19. Of 408 patients studied, abnormal spirometry was found in 46.8%, with 28.4% exhibiting a restrictive pattern, 17.4% showing preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), and 1.0% displaying an obstructive pattern. Factors independently associated with abnormal spirometry included consolidation on chest X-ray (OR 8.1, 95% CI 1.75–37.42, p = 0.008), underlying cardiovascular disease (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.19–10.47, p = 0.023), ground-glass opacity on chest X-ray (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.52–4.30, p < 0.001), and oxygen desaturation during the 6-min walk test (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.20–3.06, p = 0.007). This study highlights that patients recovering from moderate-to-critical COVID-19 often exhibit abnormal spirometry, notably a restrictive pattern and PRISm. Routine spirometry screening for high-risk patients is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital applications offer new avenues to promote social participation among older adults. In the “SMART-AGE” pilot study, the app smartVERNETZT, serving as the German version of the already evaluated PRISM app in the USA, undergoes initial testing. Implementation and usage were examined based on objective app usage data and qualitative co-design workshops. The implementation of smartVERNETZT, enabling independent usage among older adults, was feasible within approximately 30 minutes through a multimedia introduction. Individual click frequencies varied widely (0-233 clicks). The app sections for learning, leisure, and email were used the most frequently. Qualitative data support a high level of acceptance for the app. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: It is vital to develop noninvasive approaches with high accuracy to discriminate the preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) group from the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) groups. Radiomics has emerged as an image analysis technique. This study aims to develop and confirm the new radiomics-based noninvasive approach to discriminate these two groups. Methods: Totally 1066 subjects from 4 centers were included in this retrospective research, and classified into training, internal validation or external validation sets. The chest computed tomography (CT) images were segmented by the fully automated deep learning segmentation algorithm (Unet231) for radiomics feature extraction. We established the radiomics signature (Rad-score) using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm, then conducted ten-fold cross-validation using the training set. Last, we constructed a radiomics signature by incorporating independent risk factors using the multivariate logistic regression model. Model performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analyses (DCA). Results: The Rad-score, including 15 radiomic features in whole-lung region, which was suitable for diffuse lung diseases, was demonstrated to be effective for discriminating between PRISm and COPD. Its diagnostic accuracy was improved through integrating Rad-score with a clinical model, and the area under the ROC (AUC) were 0.82(95 %CI 0.79–0.86), 0.77(95 %CI 0.72–0.83) and 0.841(95 %CI 0.78–0.91) for training, internal validation and external validation sets, respectively. As revealed by analysis, radiomics nomogram showed good fit and superior clinical utility. Conclusions: The present work constructed the new radiomics-based nomogram and verified its reliability for discriminating between PRISm and COPD.

Abstract The applicability of the main theories of risk information seeking to novel risk scenarios is not well understood. According to Hovick, Kahlor, and Liang (Journal of Health Communication 19:511-527, 2014), this study retested the Planned Risk Information Seeking Model (PRISM) and examined the impact of additional variables on the model in order to investigate the critical factors (expanded PRISM) that affect people’s intention to seek information about COVID-19 risks and determine whether the PRISM model is more appropriate in this context than expanded PRISM based on survey data from 1031 Chinese adults. The results showed that PRISM fit the data better. Furthermore, future study should focus on two new variables: source beliefs and past information seeking. Theoretical and practical implications are considered.

One of the primary theories regarding the development of schizophrenia revolves around genetics, indicating the involvement of hereditary factors in various processes, including inflammation. Research has demonstrated that inflammatory reactions occurring in microglia can impact the progression of the disease. It has also been established that genetically determined changes in IL-1 can contribute to schizophrenia, thereby confirming the role of the IL-1 gene cluster in disease susceptibility. The aim of this study is a computer-based assessment of the structural interactions of IL-1 proteins with their receptors in schizophrenia. The study utilized the DisGeNET database, enabling the assessment of the reliability of identified IL-1 polymorphisms. Polymorphisms were also sought using NCBI PubMed. The NCBI Protein service was employed to search for and analyze the position of the identified polymorphisms on the chromosome. Structures for modeling were extracted from the Protein Data Bank database. Protein modeling was conducted using the SWISS-MODEL server, and protein interaction modeling was performed using PRISM. Notably, this study represents the first prediction of the interactions of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL- 1RA proteins, taking into account the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with schizophrenia in the sequence of the corresponding genes. The results indicate that the presence of SNP rs315952 in the IL-1RA protein gene, associated with schizophrenia, may lead to a weakening of the IL-1RA binding to receptors, potentially triggering the initiation of the IL-1 signaling pathway by disrupting or weakening the IL-1RA binding to receptors and facilitating the binding of IL-1 to them. Such alterations could potentially lead to a change in the immune response. The data obtained contribute theoretically to the development of ideas about the molecular mechanisms through which hereditary factors in schizophrenia influence the interactions of proteins of the IL-1 family, which play an important role in the processes of the immune system.

Background Preserved Ratio Impired Spirometry (PRISm) refers to the non-obstructive pulmonary function abnormalities with a decrease forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) while the FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) remains constant. The PRISm population may be one of the pre-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) populations. However, the incidence, characteristics and risk factors of PRISm in the physical examination population in China are still unknown. Objective To analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of PRISm in physical examination population. Methods From January 2017 to December 2019, a total of 970 patients received physical examination in the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital were selected. The baseline data and physical examination results were collected, pulmonary function was measured for vital capacity (VC), FVC, FEV1, forced expiratory volume in six second (FEV6), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), FEF25, FEF50 and FEF75, the relevant indexes were expressed as "%pre" as a percentage of the expected value. The included subjects were divided into the airflow obstruction group with FEV1/FVC60 years (OR=0.951, 95%CI=0.602-1.504, P=0.002), smoking history (OR=2.201, 95%CI=1.519-3.187, P60 years old, with the history of smoking and hypertension. Early intervention may alleviate the progression of COPD.

Pipe jacking is one of the most important construction methods in trenchless technology. Pipe jacking guidance technology acquires the jacking route by collecting the attitude and position information of the pipe jacking machine. It ensures that the deviation between the jacking route and the route designed in the engineering drawings during the construction is kept within the error range and prevents the damage to other facilities caused by the deviation of the construction route. It improves the construction efficiency and ensures the precision and safety of pipeline laying. In this paper, the basic principle and working mode of the pipe jacking guidance system are sorted out, and the current technical means are classified and organized. A systematic overview of the research on pipe jacking guidance methods is given, the development trend of pipe jacking guidance systems towards automation, intelligence and multi-source data fusion are discussed, and the challenges faced by pipe jacking guidance systems in complex scenarios are elaborated. This is to provide guidance and reference for the research and practice in related fields and to promote the further innovation and application of pipe jacking guidance technology.

Sustainability has become crucial in today’s business landscape. Customers, suppliers, partners, and investors are increasingly demanding that companies be aware of their impacts on the environment and society. Achieving sustainability in business operations, including social, economic, and environmental aspects, is one of the major challenges for companies today. Integrating sustainability into project management fosters the development of more sustainable and responsible projects, considering environmental, social, and economic aspects. This integration allows for benefits such as risk and operational cost reduction, strengthening of the company’s reputation, and gaining stakeholders’ trust. This study takes an exploratory approach, focusing on a pilot test to investigate how the PRiSM™ (Projects Integrating Sustainable Methods) methodology can be applied in a business context to assess the level of maturity of sustainable project management practices and thus raise awareness of the importance of these issues. PRiSM™ was developed by GPM® Global (Global Project Management, Lees Summit, MO, USA) in 2013 to help organizations integrate project processes with sustainable initiatives and it is based on the P5 Standard, which incorporates tangible tools and methods to manage the balance between finite resources, social responsibility, and delivery of sustainable project outcomes. Based on the PRiSM™ methodology and the P5 Standard (2nd Edition), a comprehensive questionnaire was developed under the Portuguese Project Management Observatory® to assist companies in assessing their performance in terms of sustainable practices, resulting in a sustainable maturity level. The questionnaire aimed to evaluate companies in four impact categories: product/process impacts, social impacts, economic impacts, and environmental impacts. The results, obtained from 30 respondents, indicated that the majority of organizations achieved medium-level ratings, with an overall average of 65%. However, some still showed unsatisfactory performance, with a minimum score of 14%, indicating there is still a long way to go for the full integration of sustainability. Based on participants’ feedback, the study found that many recognized the importance of sustainability but were unaware of how to integrate sustainability practices into their project management activities, highlighting the importance of promoting education and raising awareness about sustainable project management practices. The findings, while based on a limited sample, provide valuable initial insights into the potential of PRiSM™ to foster sustainability in project management. This research underscores the need for further studies to expand and validate these preliminary conclusions.

This paper presents a new approach sensor, and its effectiveness as a chemical sensor using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is evaluated. The suggested design consists of a ZnO-Silicon (Si) and silver (Ag) layer, above BaF2 prism and a sensing layer that contains analytes on top. Si has a high refractive index (RI), a semiconducting nature, is compatible with microfabrication techniques and biocompatibility, and is suitable for a wide range of biological and chemical sensing applications. The angular interrogation method is used to analyze the Kretschmann configuration. Sellmeier equations are used to calculate reflectivity and other multilayer design parameters. In this sample, the sensitivity for the sensing medium 1.3264 (D2O), 1.35, and 1.36 (Acetone) is obtained to be 201.8°/RIU, 257.85°/RIU and 311°/RIU, respectively. The corresponding evaluated values for the figure of merit (FOM) are 60.54/RIU, 54.66/RIU, and 70.18/RIU, respectively. Moreover, the ZnO layer's effect is utilized to compare the proposed sensor with other prisms like CsF, NFK51A, and BK7. In various applications, the proposed sensor performance is improved for RI of sensing medium detection between 1.3264 and 1.36. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify the frequency and relative importance of symptoms experienced by adults with fibromyalgia (FM) and determine factors associated with a higher disease burden. Methods. We conducted semistructured interviews with 15 participants with FM, collecting 1479 quotes regarding the symptomatic burden of FM. We then performed an international cross-sectional study involving 1085 participants with FM to determine the prevalence and relative importance (scale 0-4) of 149 symptoms representing 14 symptomatic themes. We performed subgroup analysis to determine how age, sex, disease duration, medication use, employment status, change in employment status, missing work due to FM, and ability level are related to symptomatic theme prevalence. Results. The symptomatic themes with the highest prevalence in FM were pain (99.8%), muscle tenderness (99.8%), and fatigue (99.3%). The symptomatic themes that had the greatest effect on patients' lives were related to fatigue (2.88), pain (2.85), muscle tenderness (2.79), and impaired sleep and daytime sleepiness (2.70). Symptomatic theme prevalence was most strongly associated with the modified Rankin Scale level of disability, disability status, and change in employment status (on disability vs not on disability). Conclusion. Participants with FM identify a variety of symptoms that significantly affect their daily lives. Many of these symptoms, such as fatigue, sleep disturbance, and activity limitation, are life-altering and not related to traditional diagnostic criteria. Symptom prevalence in this population varies across subgroups based on demographic categories and disability status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applicability of the main theories of risk information seeking to novel risk scenarios is not well understood. According to Hovick, Kahlor, and Liang (Journal of Health Communication 19:511-527, 2014), this study retested the Planned Risk Information Seeking Model (PRISM) and examined the impact of additional variables on the model in order to investigate the critical factors (expanded PRISM) that affect people's intention to seek information about COVID-19 risks and determine whether the PRISM model is more appropriate in this context than expanded PRISM based on survey data from 1031 Chinese adults. The results showed that PRISM fit the data better. Furthermore, future study should focus on two new variables: source beliefs and past information seeking. Theoretical and practical implications are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]