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Desarrollar un estudio de factibilidad para evaluar la creación de la empresa REPUBLIC COFFE dedicada a la Producción y distribución de café gourmet en el municipio de Fresno-Tolima. El café a nivel mundial ha sido de vital importancia durante la historia ya que se ha caracterizado en ser un producto con un nivel de aceptación muy alto y que ha logrado posicionarse a lo largo de los años como la bebida favorita en todos los países que hace presencia; esto ha convertido al café y sus derivados en productos de gran demanda y que hace que países como Colombia sea de los contribuyentes al mercado global. Teniendo en cuenta que el municipio de Fresno Tolima es un gran productor de café nació la idea de una alternativa diferente a la tradicional basada en resaltar los sabores del café con aditivos naturales que le den un toque diferencial y a su vez que sea atractivo al paladar de quienes lo consumen. Coffee worldwide has been of vital importance throughout history since it has been characterized as a product with a very high level of acceptance and has managed to position itself over the years as the favorite drink in all the countries it makes. presence: this has turned coffee and its derivatives into products of great demand and that makes countries like Colombia one of the contributors to the global market. Considering that the municipality of Fresno Tolima is a large coffee producer, the idea of a different alternative to the traditional one was born, based on highlighting the flavors of the coffee with natural additives that give it a differential touch and at the same time make it attractive to the palate of those who consume it. It is expected with this business idea to generate an economic, social and cultural impact that not only generates a monetary income factor for us, but also an alternative for small coffee growers to have another place to sell their coffee without the long process of intermediaries. That this deserves it. The foregoing based on production standards in accordance with the demand that the public could have for the product and the capacity of machinery and raw material that guarantees the achievement of the production objectives that were set during the development of the project, to solidify a model of profitable and high-impact business Se hace un reconocimiento público a este trabajo de grado, por contar con una nota de exaltación meritoria validada por el consejo de facultad, centro regional o quien a su vez reglamenta los parámetros para determinar las condiciones que debe reunir un trabajo de grado para ser calificado como el mejor, de acuerdo a lo establecido en el Reglamento estudiantil de Uniminuto / Capítulo XVIII.

This article sketches the cultural significance that garden manuals had in England, from exemplifying a pleasurable and an aesthetic activity to encouraging the setting up of a profitable business. By investigating gardening manuals and treatises from the period, this study argues that eighteenth-century gardening manuals played an important role in shaping the cultural meanings of English gardens, in conveying “a practical knowledge of gardening, to gentlemen and young professors, who delight in that useful and agreeable study” (Abercrombie, The Preface, 1767) and in producing an original type of discourse which was employed to describe and represent the newly created professions.

The problem of human trafficking was mentioned for the first time at the beginning of the 20th century. It is known that this type of trafficking takes the third place after arms and drugs trafficking. Millions of people around the world become victims every year. Men, women as well as children can become victims of human traffic. This type of slavery can manifest itself in various forms: forced labor, forced begging, sexual exploitation. According to the data of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) more than 230 thousand of Ukrainians became the victims of human trafficking during the period from 1991 to 2016.

There has been significant development of Mali’s banking sector in recent years, but it remains shallow, and access to banking services is limited. With the opening of a new bank in 2014, there are now 14 commercial banks operating in Mali. There has been a positive evolution of the banking sector in Mali from 2009-13. There have been a number of changes in recent years in the ownership structure of the banking sector, which is now dominated by foreign shareholders, primarily from Africa. The emergence of WAEMU banking groups is a recent phenomenon, spurred in part by the approval of a single banking license for the sub-region. Available financial soundness indicators (FSI) suggest that the banking sector is generally sound, though performance varies widely among banks, and asset quality is weak.

Globalization creates growing need for intensification of generating innovation. The most important platform for the formation of new ideas is higher education, where students can realize their ideas and transform them from theoretical ideas into profitable business projects. The European experience of such transformation is useful for the Ukrainian educational system. Since the study of the means of adapting foreign experience to support innovation in higher school of Ukraine was not paid sufficient attention to, there is a need for relevant research. The aim of the research is the analysis of the experience of support and implementation of innovations of students in Europe at Lund University and Gdańsk University of Technology to identify the tools of its adaptation in higher education of Ukraine. The research methods are abstract–logical, analytical. The paper analyzes experience of one of the oldest universities in the world – Lund University and it was revealed that education and carrying out research in the areas of engineering, law, sociology, economics and management, medicine, theology, art, music and drama takes place on its basis. Demola Innovation Center, created on the basis of the University, provides collaboration and open innovation through interdisciplinary interaction between student groups that work with real customers. On the basis of the Center communication between representatives of the businesses, the higher school and the real buyers is carried out. It was established that at Gdańsk University of Technology, support of innovation is realized within the innovation program "Horizon 2020" – a financial tool aimed at developing innovations to ensure the competitiveness of the EU economy under conditions of globalization. It was found that the development of the European education system by implementing innovations has been going on for 25 years already. This experience, as the practice shows is quite successful. Incubators, created on the basis of the universities allow implementing the new economy. Funding today the innovation processes on the basis of higher education, the European government forms the platform for the development of profitable business as a guaranteed taxpayer in the future. We made a conclusion that the application of this practice in the Ukrainian higher education will intensify the processes of generating innovation, which, in its turn, will enhance the competitiveness of national higher education. The scientific novelty of this work consists in identifying means of supporting innovation of the youth by creating innovation incubators, student research labs on the basis of higher education (University), which allow implementing new ideas, creating new jobs, increase the level of competition of national economies. The practical value of the work lies in the fact that the use of the European experience of implementation of innovation through the development of scientific laboratories will generate ideas and increase the level of competitiveness of national education. Further research will have to study the experience of other leading universities of the world in support of innovations.

This report explores the potential financing mechanism options that can be employed to catalyze more private sector investment in clean energy (renewable energy and energy efficiency) in the small island developing states (SIDS). Various financial instruments that have been used successfully to date are described and placed in the context of the issues and constraints of the SIDS, with suggested options for discussion and follow up. Green infrastructure finance, as defined in the report, makes the important point that is the combination of financial and nonfinancial interventions and instruments that can make green investments in infrastructure more affordable and less risky to private sponsors, financial markets, and governments. The objective of this report is to identify and assess options that can help increase investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency in SIDS through the adoption and funding of financing mechanisms by SIDS and development partners with special attention given to the role that the private sector can play. Many renewable energy technologies are characterized by high initial capital costs with relatively low operating costs compared to thermal alternatives. By providing an analysis of options for a financing facility to catalyze renewable energy and energy efficiency, this work is intended to inform the discussions among SIDS and development partners interested in actions to stimulate investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency. This report summarizes the results of the two stages. The assessment and selection of options identifies a number of measures that will be needed to stimulate increased private sector participation - project sponsors and developers, equity funds, lending institutions - for energy efficiency and renewable energy. The background material reviewed for this report has been summarized in the annexes.

The Arab Spring in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has brought to the forefront key challenges: the need to create job opportunities, equal access, a level playing field, transparency and accountability, and a fair and competitive environment. Crony capitalism, the privileged access of certain elites to favorable legal and regulatory treatment, access to markets, and the coincidence of political and economic power, was a major concern contributing to the uprising. Many saw privilege and corruption as the source of unemployment and inequality, effectively raising barriers to entry and growth for the majority of entrepreneurs. At the same time, practices such as connected lending and preferential land allocations, contributed to poor performance of key institutions, underpinning the market economy. It is critical for the MENA countries to achieve the aspirations of their people and attain sustainable and inclusive development by expanding private-led employment and creating entrepreneurship opportunities. This report assesses the supply and demand of financial services to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the MENA region, as well as the regulatory, institutional and policy environment that determines the cost, risk, and scale of SME finance. Emerging and promising SME finance models for banks, investors, government and regulators are outlined. These could significantly improve the outreach, viability, risk management, and development impacts of SME finance in the MENA region. SMEs need access to longer term credit products and equity, in addition to working capital loans and trade finance. They also need payment and card services, deposit facilities, liquidity management, risk management tools and insurance. The principal role of the state is as an enabler and regulator, providing the financial infrastructure, and legal and policy frameworks that financial institutions need to be able to meet the range of SME financial needs profitably. All this will contribute to attaining a more sustainable and inclusive system that can play a more important role in economic growth, and the regions prosperity.

Nonfarm sector development in rural Ethiopia is central to generating employment and income and thereby reducing poverty. The improved investment climate could facilitate investments in farm and nonfarm sectors by contributing directly and indirectly to the generation of additional employment for women and men. Ethiopia Industrial Development Strategy 2003 involved efforts to create an enabling environment for the private sector to be a driving force for economic development. The sectoral focus of the strategy is on the development of agro-based industries and on strengthening nonfarm sector. The sustainable support system for rural women entrepreneurs is based on five main components: (i) women's economic empowerment, (ii) market development, (iii) access to markets, (iv) business management support services, and (v) access to credit. Necessary conditions to support nonfarm economic activities, such as physical market development, feeder roads, and transport, will also benefit agriculture and create a virtuous circle of increasing farm and nonfarm income. Women are more likely to be involved in and benefit from nonfarm enterprise activities. Although the system proposed could be targeted at men and women, women could be the main beneficiaries of the support system. This sustainable system is new and innovative in directly supporting the rural poor and women by building the capacity of entrepreneurs and supporting institutions linked to the existing projects. This system may derive maximum synergy effects by integrating with the Agricultural Growth Project (AGP) and the Household Assets Building Program (HABP) of the Productive Safety Nets Project (PSNP) in a complementary relationship.