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Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To explore the effects of two strains of Bacillus spp. combined with organic fertilizer on the growth and fruit of sunshine rose, and to further expand the application range of microbial fertilizer on grapes. In November 2020, two strains of Bacillus velezensis YH-18 and B. velezensis YH-20 were applied to the sunshine rose grapes planted in Fengxian District of Shanghai. Two kinds of microbial liquid inoculants were applied to the grape planting soil, diluted and mixed according to the ratio of bacterial liquid : water = 1 : 2, and then poured into the pesticide applicator. The bacterial liquid was directly sprayed on the applied organic fertilizer in the garden by spraying, and the soil was covered in time after application. In March 2021, the in situ reapplication was carried out.30 days after the first application, the chlorophyll content of grape leaves in the YH-18 and YH-20 treatment groups increased by 10.12% and 3.26% compared with the control; the leaf thickness increased by 22.16% and 10.80% compared with the control; the leaf area increased by 23.92% and 19.87% compared with the control. After two times of application, the ear weight ratio of grapes in the YH-18 and YH-20 treatment groups increased by 19.55% and 16.19% compared with the control; the longitudinal diameter of single fruit increased by 3.15% and 3.76% compared with the control; the fruit shape index was improved. The soluble solids content of grapes in the YH-18 and YH-20 treatment groups increased by 22.08% and 13.58% compared with the control; the titratable acid content of grapes in the YH-18 treatment group increased by 21.05% compared with the control;the water content of grapes decreased by 2.18% and 1.96% compared with the control;the hardness of grapes in the YH-18 treatment group increased by 20.9% compared with the control. The application of YH-18 and YH-20 microbial inoculants on the basis of organic fertilizer in the garden significantly improved the growth of grapes and improved the quality of fruits, which is suitable for widespread promotion in grape plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To explore the control effect and mechanism of Bacillus subtilis B579 on cucumber Fusarium wilt. [Method] Plate confrontation test and greenhouse pot experiment were used to detect the growth and morphological changes of the pathogen, plant growth, activity of defense enzymes in leaves and malondialdehyde content, and expression of defense-related related genes. [Result] The B. subtilis B579 had a strong inhibitory effect on cucumber Fusarium wilt, and the mycelium around the inhibition zone showed uneven thickness, swelling and breakage. Pot experiment demonstrated that B579 achieved the disease control efficiency against cucumber wilt, reaching 78.80%. The plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight of cucumber seedlings in B579 treatment increased by 13.87%, 4.17%, 15.15% and 12.77% compared with the control group, respectively. After pretreatment with B579, pathogen inoculation significantly increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonilyase（PAL）, polyphenol oxidase（PPO）, peroxidase（POD）, and catalase（CAT）and reduced the content of malondialdehyde（MDA）in cucumber leaves on day 4 and 7 compared with the control group. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expressions of LOX, PR1, PR3 and CAT genes in cucumber leaves after inoculation with B579 and then challenge with pathogen were significantly higher than those in other treatments at 4 and 7 d. [Conclusion] B. subtilis B579 can control cucumber Fusarium wilt by directly inhibiting the growth of pathogen and inducing resistance in cucumber [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the environmental pollution resulting from the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, several methods, including the analysis of morphological and cultural characteristics as well as ITS rDNA sequencing, were utilized to identify the strain and evaluate its phosphate solubilizing capacity. A controlled greenhouse pot experiment was then conducted to assess the effects of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria strain Y-5 on crop growth and soil fertility. The identification results revealed that the phosphate solubilizing strain, Y-5, belongs to Pseudomonas donghuensis. Under liquid culture for 5 days, the ratio of the phosphate solubilizing ring's diameter to the colony's diameter (D/d) was 3.51. Notably, strain Y-5 exhibited exceptional phosphate solubilization efficiency, with a maximum phosphate solubilizing amount of calcium phosphate reaching 432.25 mg/L. Furthermore, the highest phosphate soluble content of lecithin was 116.37 mg/L, highlighting its robust phosphate solubilizing capacity. The pot experiment results revealed that the modified biochar of strain Y-5 effectively enhances the content of available phosphate and organic matter in soil. Additionally, the modified biochar of the Y-5 strain exerted a significant growth-promoting effect on corn seedlings. Based on the indices of maize seedling growth and soil property changes, it was determined that the optimal application ratio of Pseudomonas donghuensis modified biochar was approximately 10 g/kg. This research result significantly reduced the cost of popularizing and applying phosphate solubilizing bacteria modified biochar and served as a new agricultural material with good prospects for popularization and application, potentially contributing to the green and sustainable development of agriculture in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims We aimed to develop an effective bacterial combination that can combat Fusarium oxysporum infection in watermelon using in vitro and pot experiments. Methods and results In total, 53 strains of Bacillus and 4 strains of Pseudomonas were screened. Pseudomonas strains P3 and P4 and Bacillus strains XY-2–3, XY-13, and GJ-1–15 exhibited good antagonistic effects against F. oxysporum. P3 and P4 were identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Pseudomonas fluorescens , respectively. XY-2–3 and GJ-1–15 were identified as B. velezensis , and XY-13 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The three Bacillus strains were antifungal, promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings and had genes to synthesize antagonistic metabolites such as bacilysin, surfactin, yndj, fengycin, iturin, and bacillomycin D. Combinations of Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains, namely, XY-2–3 + P4, GJ-1–15 + P4, XY-13 + P3, and XY-13 + P4, exhibited a good compatibility. These four combinations exhibited antagonistic effects against 11 pathogenic fungi, including various strains of F. oxysporum, Fusarium solani , and Rhizoctonia. Inoculation of these bacterial combinations significantly reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt in watermelon, promoted plant growth, and improved soil nutrient availability. XY-13 + P4 was the most effective combination against Fusarium wilt in watermelon with the inhibition rate of 78.17%. The number of leaves; aboveground fresh and dry weights; chlorophyll, soil total nitrogen, and soil available phosphorus content increased by 26.8%, 72.12%, 60.47%, 16.97%, 20.16%, and 16.50%, respectively, after XY-13 + P4 inoculation compared with the uninoculated control. Moreover, total root length, root surface area, and root volume of watermelon seedlings were the highest after XY-13 + P3 inoculation, exhibiting increases by 265.83%, 316.79%, and 390.99%, respectively, compared with the uninoculated control. Conclusions XY-13 + P4 was the best bacterial combination for controlling Fusarium wilt in watermelon, promoting the growth of watermelon seedlings, and improving soil nutrient availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To study the growth-promoting characteristics of a strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQ-2 isolated and screened in the laboratory, and to determine the concentration range, mechanism of action, and changes in soil microbiota induced by this strain to promote rice growth. [Method] The phosphorus solubility and nitrogenase activity of strain SQ-2 were detected using the molybdenum blue colorimetric method and ELISA nitrogenase kit. Inoculating10², 104, 106, 108, and 3×108 CFU/mL bacterial suspension into hydroponic and soil cultured rice, the dry and fresh weight, length, and thickness of the roots and stems of hydroponic and soil cultured rice were measured, respectively after 14 and 20 d of cultivation. Meanwhile, the activities of urease, protease, and sucrase in soil cultured rice were determined using the phenol sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method, the ninhydrin detection method, and the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method. Besides, the soil pH value was determined using the pH meter potential method and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium available in soil and the activity of acid phosphatase were detected by utilizing the corresponding reagent kit. Analysis of rhizosphere bacterial community structure in soil cultured rice soil was inoculated with 3×108 CFU/mL components. [Result] The dissolution of tricalcium phosphate by strain SQ-2 was 229.63 mg/L, and the nitrogenase activity was 55.07 U/L. Compared with the control, the dry and fresh weight of hydroponic rice roots showed the most significant increase at an inoculum suspension concentration of 104 CFU/mL. At a vaccination concentration of 3×108 CFU/mL, the dry and fresh weight of soil cultivated rice rhizomes increased most significantly. As the concentration of the inoculum suspension increased, the activities of various enzymes and the concentration of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil increased to varying degrees, the soil pH value while inoculating strain 3×108 CFU/mL decreased from 7.83 to 7.26. The inoculant strain SQ-2 changed the colony composition in the rice rhizosphere soil and significantly increased Ace, Chao, Sobs and Shannon indices of soil α-diversity. [Conclusion] B. amyloliquefaciens SQ-2 had different growth promotion effects on soil culture and hydroculture rice. In soil culture experiments, the growth-promoting effect is notably pronounced through the augmentation of soil enzyme activity, rapid increases in available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels, and alterations in the soil microbial community structure. Overall, these experimental findings offer valuable insights into new strain resources for the development of bacterial fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractTricholoma matsutake has been the most valuable ectomycorrhizal fungi in Asia because of its unique flavor and taste. However, due to the difficulty of artificial cultivation, the cultivation of T. matsutake has relied on natural growth in forests. To cultivate the T. matsutake artificially, microorganisms in fairy rings were introduced. In this study, we isolated 30 fungal species of microfungi from the soil of fairy rings. Among them, one single fungal strain showed a promoting effect on the growth of T. matsutake. The growth effect was confirmed by measuring the growth area of T. matsutake and enzyme activities including α-amylase, cellulase, and β-glucosidase. In comparison with control, microfungal metabolite increased the growth area of T. matsutake by 213% and the enzyme activity of T. matsutake by 110–200%. The isolated fungal strain was identified as Penicillium citreonigrum by BLAST on the NCBI database. The Discovery of this microfungal strain is expected to contribute to artificial cultivation of T. matsutake.

It is critical to identify and evaluate efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) that enable P uptake from unavailable forms, and therefore improve the phosphorus (P) uptake efficiency of crops. The Enterobacter cloacae strain NG-33, belonging to PSB, was isolated and identified from calcareous rhizosphere soils in Nonggang National Reserve, Guangxi, China. The stain NG-33 could reduce the pH of the medium to below 5.6, and had the ability to release soluble phosphorus (P; 180.7 μg ml-1) during the culture in the National Botanical Research Institute's Phosphate medium (NBRIP), and produced such organic acids as gluconic acid (4,881 mg L-1), acetic acid (346 mg L-1), and indole-3-acetic acid (20.4 μg ml-1). It could also convert inorganic P in AlPO4 (Al-P) and FePO4 (Fe-P) into soluble P, with conversion efficiencies of 19.2 μg ml-1 and 16.3 μg ml-1, respectively. Under pot experiments and when compared controls without inoculating NG-33, the shoot and root biomass of maize seedlings showed increases by 140% for shoot biomass and by 97% for root biomass in loamy soil (P sufficient) inoculated with NG-33. In sandy soil (P deficit) supplemented with tricalcium phosphate and inoculated with NG-33, the soluble P content was significantly higher, 58.6% in soil and 33.6% in roots, meanwhile, the biomass of shoots and roots increased by 14.9 and 24.9%, respectively. The growth-promoting effects coupled to the significant increase in leaf net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of plants grown in NG-33-inoculated soil. Inoculating NG-33 could significantly improve the diversity and richness of bacterial population and altered the dominant bacterial population in soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The 14-3-3 protein family plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development. The genes of the 14-3-3 family have been reported in multiple species. However, little is known about the 14-3-3 gene family in bamboo. In this study, a total of 58 genes belonging to the 14-3-3 family were identified in three representative bamboo species, i.e., Olyra latifolia, Phyllostachys edulis, and Bonia amplexicaulis, whose encoding proteins were grouped into ε and non-ε groups by phylogeny analysis with 14-3-3 proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. The 14-3-3s had diverse gene structures and motif characteristics among the three bamboo species. Collinearity analysis suggested that the genes of the 14-3-3 family in bamboo had undergone a strong purification selection during evolution. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed the expression of Pe14-3-3s varied in different tissues of P. edulis, suggesting that they had functional diversity during growth and development. Co-expression analysis showed that four Pe14-3-3s co-expressed positively with eight ribosomal genes. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays showed that Pe14-3-3b/d could interact with Pe_ribosome-1/5/6, and qPCR results demonstrated that Pe14-3-3b/d and Pe_ribosome-1/5/6 had similar expression trends with the increase in shoot height, which further confirmed that they would work together to participate in the shoot growth and development of bamboo. Additionally, the transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing Pe14-3-3b had longer roots, a larger stem diameter, an earlier bolting time and a faster growth rate than wild-type Arabidopsis, indicating that Pe14-3-3b acted as a growth promoter. Our results provide comprehensive information on 14-3-3 genes in bamboo and highlight Pe14-3-3b as a potential target for bamboo improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Bio-organic–chemical fertilizer (BCF) has great potential to enhance agricultural production, protect environment, and improve sustainability. However, current BCFs are used only in a limited scope mainly due to the low activity of beneficial bacteria. It is significant to develop new BCFs with high beneficial bacteria activity for sustainable agricultural production. Materials and methods: In this study, a novel slow-release bio-organic–chemical fertilizer (SBCF) was prepared from activated lignite, bacillus AMCC100153 (B153) (beneficial bacteria for tomato), and slow-release fertilizer (CSF) with suitable pH and low dissolubility salt content (to protect the bacterial activity). The pH and EC of different types of SBCFs with different compositions were determined and compared with those of BCFs derived from common chemical fertilizers (BCCF). The B153 activities were measured and compared with the optimum formula of SBCF. The bacillus colonization rules of SBCF and BCCF in tomato pot soil were explored by the Real-time qPCR. Results and discussion: SBCF had higher bacillus activity than the corresponding BCCF. Pot experiments also showed that the bacillus formed colonization rapidly on tomato roots and secreted substances to promote root growth. The HPLC analysis found that the promoting substances were auxin and zeatin. Compared with no fertilizer control (CK) and the BCCF treatments, the SBCF treatment increased tomato yields by 73.08% and 29.04%, respectively. Conclusions: Findings of this work suggest that SBCF with high biological activity and growth promoting effect has great potential in agriculture production system in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at searching for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), a bacterium strain coded as 7016 was isolated from soybean rhizosphere and was characterized in the present study. It was identified as Burkholderia sp. based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, as well as phenotypic and biochemical characterizations. This bacterium presented nitrogenase activity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity and phosphate solubilizing ability; inhibited the growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Gibberella zeae and Verticillium dahliae; and produced small quantities of indole acetic acid (IAA). In green house experiments, significant increases in shoot height and weight, root length and weight, and stem diameter were observed on tomato plants in 30 d after inoculation with strain 7016. Result of 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE showed that 7016 survived in the rhizosphere of tomato seedlings. In the field experiments, Burkholderia sp. 7016 enhanced the tomato yield and significantly promoted activities of soil urease, phosphatase, sucrase, and catalase. All these results demonstrated Burkholderia sp. 7016 as a valuable PGPR and a candidate of biofertilizer.

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was conducted to evaluate four strains of Plant growth promoting Rizobactor PGPR: Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342 , Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48 , Bacillus subtillis B2g and B. subtillis FZB27 to improve tomato plants grown under Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection. Bacterial strains were applied in two treatments (seed, seed+irrigation). Seedling were inculcated with CMV after 19 days post-transplanting. The height of plant, fresh and dry weight of foliage and roots, the number of fruits and fruit weights were determined. The results showed the treatment with bacteria promote the growth of tomato plants , and reduced the rate of stunting tomato plants (13.1%), and reduced the rate of decline fresh weight of foliage (19.9%). the lowest rate reduction with strain B27 by treatment (seed+irrigation) (0.73%), and reduced the rate of decline dry weight of foliage (45.1%), the lowest rate reduction with strain B27 by treatment (seed + irrigation) (35.32% ). and reduced the rate of decline mild weight of root (21.4%), the lowest rate reduction with strain B27 by way (seed+irrigation) (3.53%). and reduced the rate of decline dry weight of root (27.83%) , the lowest rate reduction with strain B27 by treatment (seed+irrigation) (0%), and reduced the rate of decline the number of fruits (15.34%), the lowest rate of reduction with strain B27 by treatment (seed + irrigation) (3.81% ), and reduced the rate of decline the weight of fruits (18.65%), the lowest rate reduction with strain B27 by treatment (seed+irrigation) (5.03%), occurring due to infection with cucumber mosaic virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cDNA fragment corresponding to deoxyhypusine synthase gene NbDHS was isolated and cloned into potato virus X (PVX) vector for functional analysis in Nicotiana benthamiana by using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Plants agroinfected with recombinant virus vector PVX-NbDHS exhibited an increase in leaf biomass, delay in natural leaf senescence and flowering time, and decrease in leaf chlorophyll content. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Northern analysis showed that the transcript level of DHS was significantly lower in PVX-NbDHS infected plants. At the same time, the expression for eIF-5A, the target proteins of DHS in N. benthamiana, was concomitantly suppressed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western analysis. From the phenotypic feature of the infected plants and the reduced expression abundance of DHS and elF-5A, we concluded that NbDHS plays important roles in plant growth, development and senescence. The possible application of DHS gene in genetic modification of crops and horticultural plants was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]