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La pratique fondée sur les preuves (EBP) est une approche qui encourage les cliniciens à fonder leur pratique et leurs décisions cliniques sur des preuves (piliers de l'EBP) afin d'améliorer la qualité des soins aux patients. Cependant, l'état des connaissances et des pratiques des psychologues en Europe francophone est encore inconnu. L'objectif de cette étude était de savoir ce que les psychologues connaissaient de l'EBP et s'ils utilisaient cette approche dans leur pratique quotidienne. Un questionnaire de 50 questions à choix multiples destiné aux psychologues belges francophones a été mis en ligne sur les réseaux sociaux. Les questions portaient sur les connaissances et les croyances des psychologues concernant l'EBP et les informations qui guident les cliniciens dans leur pratique. Un total de 110 psychologues ont répondu à l'enquête. Seul un tiers des psychologues interrogés savait ce qu'était l'EBP. Dans leur prise de décision quotidienne, les cliniciens s'appuient sur leur expérience passée, les connaissances accumulées, et les difficultés présentées par le patient, mais les publications scientifiques, les préférences, et les opinions du patient en matière de traitement et les avis d'experts guident peu leur pratique. En outre, les obstacles perçus par les psychologues qui connaissaient l'EBP, tels que le manque de connaissances et de savoir-faire, semblent empêcher les psychologues d'utiliser l'EBP dans leur pratique quotidienne. Un manque de connaissance de l'EBP chez les psychologues belges a été mis en évidence. De plus, les comportements mis en œuvre dans la pratique quotidienne n'étaient pas entièrement conformes à ce qui est recommandé dans l'approche EBP. Les données de l'enquête indiquent qu'il y a un besoin de formations pour les cliniciens afin d'améliorer leur compréhension de la pratique. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an approach that encourages clinicians to base their clinical decisions on evidence (pillars) to improve the quality of patient care. However, the state of knowledge and practice of psychologists in French speaking Europe is still unknown. The aim of this study was to find out what these psychologists know about EBP and whether they use it in their daily practice. A questionnaire of 50 multiple-choice questions for French-speaking Belgian psychologists was posted online on social networks. The questions focused on psychologists' knowledge and beliefs about EBP and the information that guides clinicians in their practice. A total of 110 psychologists responded to the survey. Only one third of the psychologists surveyed knew what PBA was. In their daily decision making, clinicians rely on past experience, accumulated knowledge and the difficulties presented by the patient, but scientific literature, patient preferences and opinions about treatment and expert opinions provide little guidance in their practice. Furthermore, perceived barriers, such as lack of knowledge and know-how, seem to prevent psychologists from using EBP in their daily practice. A lack of knowledge of EBP among psychologists was revealed. Furthermore, the behaviours implemented in daily practice were not fully in line with the EBP. The survey data indicate that there is a need for more training for clinicians to improve their understanding of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychosozial is the property of Psychosozial-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medizinische Klinik: Intensivmedizin & Notfallmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Expatriation is a form of migration and temporary exile, characterized by a voluntary departure abroad and frequent back and forth with the country of origin. Globalization and international mobility over the past 50 years have resulted in an increase in the number of expatriates worldwide. Even when choosing to move abroad, some expatriates encounter difficulties that lead to illness and recourse to psychotherapy. This article offers a synthesis of the results of a review of the literature on the subjective experiences of expatriates. Our review of the literature aims to better understand the experience of expatriation, and the crises some expatriates go through during their stay abroad. Clinical practice treating expatriates is a complex situation, occurring in a specific context. However, expatriation has only recently become the subject of clinical psychological research. Economics and the sciences of sociology, demography, and work psychology, appear to have been the first to study this phenomenon. The objective was then to understand why some expatriates ended their expatriation prematurely. In the clinical psychology field, the paradigms of cultural adaptation and acculturation have been widely invoked as reasons for determining expatriate suitability and for establishing recommendations of preparation programs. If we recognize the adaptive dimension, we move away from these concepts to promote the subjective experience of the expatriate. To date, we have only found one publication on expatriation which specifically examines the consequences of expatriation for the family. It highlights a need for research that takes into account the variability of expatriation contexts and individual pathways. We therefore conducted a literature review on the subjective experience of the expatriate. A broad search on EBSCO and Google Scholar was conducted in English and French, successively using the key words EXPATRITION, EXPATRIATE, EXPATRIE. This first search phase led us to limit the scope of our research to the subjective experience of the expatriate. In order to gather existing data, we used the PRISMA method. Of the 423 publications extracted from different search engines, we selected and analyzed 25 papers published between 1992 and 2022. Expatriation appears to be a complex subjective experience, which can reveal a state of crisis in its dimension of upheaval, but also with the potential of creating new order. The literature highlights the articulation of latent reasons for departure and the accompanying crises that some expatriates may experience because of a wish to escape from an original environment, the desire to break with the family, and a search for oneself. Separation from the original environment and exposure to a foreign environment can cause archaic anxieties to resurface and summon the ability to be alone. The narcissistic and identity crisis generated is manifested by schizophrenic phenomena (rejection of the foreigner or the country of origin), relational disorders, and depressive disorders. At the same time, the experience can open up a transitional space conducive to the emergence of the Self, to the re-appropriation of poorly introjected objects, and open up an evolution of the bonds of filiation and affiliation. If the stay abroad can lead to narcissistic and identity disorders, it appears in the literature as a rite of passage allowing for maturation phenomena. As part of this doctoral research, we further explore the nature of the crisis, and how psychotherapy can provide support during the transformation process involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1960, Jung lamented psychology's limited impact on global fate. Although Fordham tried to reassure him that Jungians were promoting his work, Jung was looking from the other end of the telescope, seeing the need to rescue humanity from its one‐sidedness that would ultimately lead to nuclear conflict. Astronomical evidence, such as the Fermi paradox, echoes Jung's concerns about likely self‐destruction. Rather than promoting Jungian ideas to interested groups, the imperative lies in identifying crucial messages for global survival and engaging the public in them. Science provides some useful lessons because its concerted efforts over centuries led to the gradual integration of scientific thinking into the public psyche. These lessons suggest that, to cross the border from the Jungian to wider public domain, compromises are necessary, such as simplifying messages and making engagement enchanting and practical. Analytical psychology's task goes beyond one individual, group, or even generation, and a debate is needed to begin to form a consensus on the way ahead. Some initial suggestions are made for adopting terminology the public can relate to, focusing on the transcendent function as the main vehicle to overcome one‐sidedness and conflict, and using figures like Nelson Mandela to demonstrate practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Analytical Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent decades, two processes have been crucial for the development of psychotherapy regulation, which are interlinked and mutually reinforcing: efforts to legalise psychotherapy as an autonomous profession, and efforts to academise psychotherapy as an autonomous scientific discipline. While in Europe the European Association for Psychotherapy (EAP) plays a key role in efforts to legalise psychotherapy as an autonomous profession, the academisation of psychotherapy in the twentieth century started at postgraduate level, then, after the Bologna reform, at Masters and Doctoral level and, since 2005 also at undergraduate level, first in Austria and then in Slovenia and Germany. Based on brief descriptions of the regulation of psychotherapy in some European countries – Germany, Sweden, Finland, Austria, Malta and Croatia – it is pointed out that concern for equitable access to psychotherapy and its quality for those in need of such kind of help must be a key criterion and goal in efforts to regulate psychotherapy. The international comparison also shows that psychotherapy will survive but not flourish if it remains only in the hands of doctors and psychologists as a method or specialisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophy, in its comprehensive and profound sense, has played a pivotal role in establishing the intellectual structure in the journey of human civilization. Aristotle stands out as a unique model embodying this knowledge integration. His philosophy was not merely a set of abstract ideas but formed a comprehensive epistemological system encompassing all fields of knowledge Aristotle's fundamental contributions to the foundation and establishment of various sciences, especially in the humanities such as psychology, logic, politics, and literature, have garnered significant attention from enlightened minds throughout history. His deep understanding of the human psyche propelled the advancement of psychology, while his distinctive philosophical ideas inspired researchers in the field of logic. His political ideas transcended the boundaries of time and space to become a fundamental reference for researchers worldwide, demonstrating that knowledge integration is a cornerstone in the development of human thought. This leads us to ponder the nature of the scientific bridges that underpin his integrative. The research adopted the inductive analytical methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practices of psychologists and teachers present similarities and differences, with a common commitment to promote individuals’ progress. The interactions between the patient and their psychologist, as well as between the learner or class group and their teacher, imply a relationship likely to promote-or not-the objectives of the care or the learning. How do the professions of psychologists and teachers approach the singularity of the user and the group? What training is offered for this purpose and what work does this involve on the part of these professionals? How can we consider the therapeutic alliance and the quality of the educational relationship as supports for the commitment of the psychologist and the teacher or trainer in a scientific and professional research process allowing the relationship to be thought about? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les actes de chirurgie plastique consistent à prodiguer des soins aux patients et poursuivent une finalité thérapeutique. Ils bénéficient de l'exonération de TVA conformément à la législation européenne. Ils apparaissent dans la Classification commune des actes médicaux en tant qu'acte thérapeutique, qu'ils soient pris en charge ou non par l'assurance maladie. Pour aider le chirurgien plasticien lors de la consultation dans son rôle d'expert médicochirurgical, nous proposons une échelle d'évaluation globale de la disgrâce physique. Celle-ci précise l'importance de la dysharmonie, son étiologie, et considère le patient dans son intégralité, tant sur le plan biologique que psychosocial. Toutes les répercussions sont analysées : retentissement physiopathologique, douloureux, retentissement fonctionnel sur les actes de la vie courante, les activités d'agrément et sexuelles, retentissement psychologique, social et professionnel. Chaque item est coté indépendamment. En fonction du score global obtenu, la nature thérapeutique de l'acte pourra être confirmée. L'échelle proposée est un outil simple permettant facilement et sérieusement de conforter la nature thérapeutique de nos actes. Elle assure une expertise argumentée, une synthèse fiable et incontestable. Nous sommes avant tout des médecins, soignants et contribuant à la santé telle que définie par l'OMS : « un état de complet bien-être physique, mental et social ». Nous seuls sommes aptes à juger de la nature thérapeutique d'une prestation, en accord avec nos patients. The acts of plastic surgery consist in providing care to patients and pursue a therapeutic purpose. They benefit from VAT exemption in accordance with European legislation. They appear in the Common Classification of Medical Acts as therapeutic acts, whether or not they are covered by health insurance. To assist the plastic surgeon during the consultation in his role as a medico-surgical expert, we propose a global assessment scale for physical disgraces. This scale specifies the importance of disharmony, its etiology, and considers the patient in his entirety, both biologically and psychosocially. All repercussions are analyzed: physiopathological impact, pain, functional impact on daily life activities, pleasure and sexual activities, psychological, social, and professional impact. Each item is independently rated. Depending on the overall score obtained, the therapeutic nature of the act can be confirmed. The proposed scale is a simple tool that easily and seriously supports the therapeutic nature of our acts. It ensures argued expertise, a reliable and indisputable synthesis. We are, above all, doctors, caregivers, contributing to health as defined by the WHO: "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being." We alone are able to judge the therapeutic nature of a service, in agreement with our patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le football est devenu une opportunité d'ascension sociale, un moyen d'atteindre une stabilité financière, où la performance est primordiale. Les acteurs de ce sport « roi » sont confrontés à un niveau élevé de stress et d'anxiété, nécessitant une assistance psychologique. Elle est mal connue par les acteurs du football qui l’associent souvent aux pratiques mystiques. Afin de vérifier cela, nous avons opté pour une approche semi-directive en rencontrant les acteurs du football et en observant de manière participante. Les principales conclusions soulignent l'importance de la pratique mystique en tant que poids psychologique. Les joueurs et les entraîneurs acquièrent une plus grande confiance en faisant du "xonjom" avant les matchs importants. Ils sont animés par des comportements et des attitudes positifs après une pratique occulte, tandis que des attitudes négatives sont observées en l'absence du mystique. Les dirigeants sont animés par les mêmes réalités qui leur procurent du soulagement, de la confiance et de l'assurance qui encouragent leur optimisme. Les supporters sont également confrontés au stress des pratiques mystiques. Ils participent à cette activité dont les effets bénéfiques se traduisent par des chants et des danses dans les gradins, tandis que l'effet inverse suscite en eux une tristesse et un découragement.

Le complotisme est désormais un phénomène central dans nos sociétés démocratiques, dans le monde académique et dans la société civile. Tous et toutes semblent a priori concorder, il faudrait pouvoir lutter contre la présence et diffusion des théories du complot dans l’espace public. Si cet objectif est globalement partagé, la question de comment procéder reste floue. Nous pensons, à l’instar d’autres, que l’interdisciplinarité est l’une des voies pour y arriver. Cette voie présente cependant de nombreux défis dont l’un des premiers est la compréhension réciproque. Dans cet article, nous proposons une réflexion dans cette direction : nous essayerons de montrer que l’approche psychologique et l’approche rhétorique du complotisme peuvent dialoguer et se comprendre.

L'Essai sur quelques problèmes concernant le normal et le pathologique , thèse de médecine soutenue en 1943 par Georges Canguilhem (1904–1995), est certainement le texte français d'épistémologie de la médecine le plus connu. L'auteur alors jeune philosophe, étudiant en médecine et résistant, y défend l'autodétermination du vivant, capable de juger de ce qui est normal ou pathologique, catégories dont se saisissent ensuite la médecine et la physiologie ; ainsi qu'une conception de la clinique ajustée à la rencontre singulière. Son argumentation s'appuie largement sur les thèses de psychiatres mais exclut pourtant la psychopathologie de son champ d'application. C'est à ce paradoxe, peu étudié jusqu'ici, que nous tâchons de répondre dans cet article. Nous avons étudié de manière approfondie les textes portant sur la psychologie et le soin psychique dans les archives de G. Canguilhem, ses œuvres complètes, récemment publiées, et les travaux universitaires menés actuellement. Nous proposons de revenir aux deux problèmes qui initient l' Essai : « celui des rapports entre sciences et techniques, celui des normes et du normal ». À ce dernier, Canguilhem répond en proposant le concept de normativité vitale qui s'inscrit dans la continuité de travaux précédents consacrés à la psychologie, présentés lors de cours donnés au lycée dans les années trente et dans un Traité de psychologie , demeuré inédit, qui déjà promouvaient un sujet capable de valoriser, de s'engager, et par-là de se soustraire au déterminisme de son environnement et de son organisme. Concernant les rapports entre science et technique, qu'il commence à conceptualiser à la toute fin des années trente, il propose dans l' Essai un trajet inverse à celui du positivisme, partant de la clinique vers la science qui en retour l'éclaire ; or, la psychologie scientifique ne saurait jouer un rôle équivalent à la physiologie dans le soin psychique. Canguilhem considère en effet la revendication d'objectivité de la psychologie incompatible avec le respect de la subjectivité, que défend au contraire sa psychologie réflexive. Nous étudions pour finir les textes de Canguilhem évoquant la psychothérapie ainsi que ceux mentionnant la psychopharmacologie. Nous discutons les conséquences cliniques de l'impossibilité pour la psychologie scientifique de jouer pour la psychothérapie un rôle analogue à celui de physiologie en médecine. La conception du soin psychique qu'ébauche Canguilhem consiste essentiellement en une défense de la dignité humaine, fondée sur une théorie philosophique et non scientifique de l'individu. L'Essai sur quelques problèmes concernant le normal et le pathologique , a medical thesis defended in 1943 by Georges Canguilhem (1905–1995), is certainly the best-known French text on the epistemology of medicine. Canguilhem, then a young philosopher, medical student, and member of the French Resistance, defends the self-determination of the living individual, capable of judging what is normal or pathological – categories subsequently adopted by medicine and physiology – as well as a conception of the medical practice tailored to the singular situation. His argumentation is largely based on the theories of psychiatrists, yet excludes psychopathology from its scope. It is this paradox, little studied until now, that I attempt to resolve in this article. I have conducted an extensive study of the texts on psychology and mental care in G. Canguilhem's archives, his recently published complete works, and current academic research. I propose to return to the two problems presented at the beginning of the Essai : "that of the relationship between science and technology, and that of norms and the normal". Canguilhem responds to the latter by proposing the concept of vital normativity, which follows on from earlier work on psychology, presented in high school courses in the 1930s and in a Traité de psychologie , never published, which already promoted a subject able to value, to commit, and thus to escape from the determinism of his environment and organism. Regarding the relationship between science and technology, which Canguilhem began to conceptualize at the very end of the 1930s, in his Essai , he proposes a path that reverses that of positivism, moving from clinical practice to science, in which the former is clarified by the latter; however, scientific psychology cannot play a role equivalent to physiology in psychological care. Indeed, Canguilhem considers psychology's claim to objectivity incompatible with the respect for subjectivity that his psychologie réflexive , on the contrary, defends. To conclude, I examine Canguilhem's few writings on psychotherapy, as well as those on psychopharmacology. I discuss the clinical consequences of the inability of scientific psychology to play a role in psychotherapy similar to that of physiology in medicine. Canguilhem's conception of psychological care is essentially a defense of human dignity, based on a philosophical, not a scientific, theory of the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive and irreversible condition characterized by the slow loss of kidney function, which leads the patient to renal replacement therapy (RRT). Kidney transplantation is one of the available RRT modalities that can occur through a living or deceased donor and is considered the best option because it offers a better quality of life to patients. In cases of living transplants, the physical and psychological aspects of donors and recipients must be evaluated. Because it involves family relationships, it is common for expectations to arise when carrying out the procedure, some of which are focused on changes in the relationship between the donor and recipient pair after the procedure. Therefore, through a qualitative approach, this study aimed to understand the relationship dynamics between donors and recipients after undergoing kidney transplantation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants, eight of whom were transplant patients and their eight respective donors. Bardin's thematic content analysis was used to assess the data. The results highlighted two categories: feelings that influenced the motivation for donation and feelings that had repercussions after donation. It was found that the emotional impact of the recipient's suffering on the donor and the family, the hope of improving the quality of life of the sick relative, altruism, and the role of the donor's kinship were some of the reasons attributed to the decision to donate. Gratitude and the meaning of love given to the organ received were feelings aroused after the kidney transplant. It is concluded that feelings involved in this process had an impact on the emotional dynamics between donor and recipient in the post-transplant period in such a way as to strengthen the bond in a relationship that was already stable. The results contribute to improving the assistance provided based on comprehensive care for these subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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