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ObjectiveTo provide a scientific basis for the risk assessment of the dietary exposure of local characteristic dairy products and veterinary drug residues in dairy products in Inner Mongolia and the formulation and revision of local food safety standards， the current situation regarding this matter was studied.MethodsA total of 951 samples of seven types of local characteristic dairy products and dairy-containing products in Inner Mongolia were collected in 12 league cities， including milk skins， milk tea powder， and chewable milk products. Among them， 370 samples were in bulk and 581 samples were in standardized packaging. The samples were analyzed for quinolones， tetracyclines， macrolides， and β-sulfonamides.ResultsThe detection rate of veterinary drug residues was 0.83%-3.62% in five types of local characteristic dairy products， including milk skin， milk tea powder， chew， chula， and milk-containing solid molding products. The detected veterinary drugs were naphthyric acid， norfloxacin， pefloxacin， sulfamethoxazole， sulfamethoxazole， sulfamethoxazole， and tylosin， with the detection rate ranging from 0.11% to 1.37%. According to the statistical test， there was no statistical difference between the detection rate of veterinary drug residues in bulk samples and that of veterinary drug residues in stereotyped packaging samples （χ2=0.484， P>0.05）.ConclusionAlthough the overall qualification rate of tetracycline， sulfonamide， and macrolide residues in local characteristic dairy products in Inner Mongolia is relatively high （>99%）， there are still cases of veterinary drug detection. It is recommended that relevant departments further strengthen the promotion and supervision of veterinary drug use.

ObjectiveTo understand the pollution level of perchlorate and chlorate in infant formula milk powder in Inner Mongolia evaluate the dietary intake risk of perchlorate and chlorate in infants， and provide a scientific basis for guiding the healthy diet of infants in Inner Mongolia.MethodsA total of 539 infant formula milk powder sold in each segment in Inner Mongolia were collected， and 254 milk powder flushing water （drinking water that may be used in the flushing and mixing of milk powder） were collected. The contents of perchlorate and chlorate in infant formula milk powder and milk powder washing and mixing water were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. Based on the consumption data of infants and young children in Inner Mongolia in the 2015 China Infant Food Consumption survey data， the risk of dietary intake of perchlorate and chlorate in infant formula milk powder in Inner Mongolia was calculated by simple distribution assessment and cumulative exposure assessment.ResultsThe overall detection rate of perchlorate in infant formula milk powder was 92.39% （498/539）. The detection value was not detected up to 89.30 μg/kg， with an average of 14.45 μg/kg and a median of 9.00 μg/kg. The overall detection rate of chlorate was 73.10% （394/539）， and the detection value was not detected up to 1 061.00 μg/kg， with an average of 93.25 μg/kg and a median of 45.50 μg/kg. The overall detection rate of perchlorate in milk powder was 67.32% （171/254）， and the detection value was not detected up to 26.59 μg/L， with an average value of 1.25 μg/L. The overall detection rate of chlorate was 30.71% （78/254）， and the detection value was not detected up to 927.66 μg/L， with an average value of 24.03 μg/L. The health risk of perchlorate and chlorate intake through milk powder was assessed as low for infants aged 0 to 36 months. Furthermore， the exposure of the high consumer population （P95） did not exceed the health guidance value.ConclusionThere is perchlorate and chlorate contamination in infant formula powder in Inner Mongolia. However， under the current pollution level， the health risk of perchlorate and chlorate ingestion through milk powder is low for infants under the age of 0-36 months. In addition， the exposure level of the high consumption group （P95） did not exceed the health guidance value， and the health risk was low. The exposure level of P95 in infants aged zero to six months is higher， and further attention should be paid to their health risks.

ObjectiveTo understand the residue status of banned and restricted pesticides in vegetables sold in Inner Mongolia， and to provide scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate targeted and effective supervision and control countermeasures for banned and restricted pesticides.MethodsFrom 2015 to 2021， vegetables were collected and sold in 12 league cities in Inner Mongolia， and pesticide residues in vegetables were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The test results are determined according to the Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food of National Food Safety Standard （GB 2763—2021）.ResultsA total of 1 721 vegetable samples were collected， and 20 prohibited pesticides were monitored， including carbamate， organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides. The total detection rate of 20 prohibited pesticides was 9.24% （159/1 721）， and the total overstandard rate was 5.35% （92/1 721）. Among the 20 prohibited pesticides， the other 16 pesticides were detected except carbosulfan， methomyl， aldicarb and chlorazophos. The highest detection rate was monophosphorus， which was 4.64% （21/453）. The over-standard rate was the highest for Diguo， 2.50% （24/959）. The detection rate and overstandard rate of forbidden pesticides in leaf vegetables were 12.11% （77/636） and 8.18% （52/636）， respectively.ConclusionSeveral banned and restricted pesticides were detected in vegetables sold in Inner Mongolia. It is suggested that relevant departments strengthen the supervision of banned andrestricted pesticides to ensure the safety of the people’s tongue.

ObjectiveTo investigate the pesticide residues in vegetables in Inner Mongolia and assess the dietary exposure risk.MethodsUsing the data of pesticide residues in vegetables from the 2016—2019 risk monitoring in Inner Mongolia， combined with the food consumption data of the residents in Inner Mongolia in the 2012 National Total Diet Study， the food safety index method and the acute dietary intake risk assessment model were used to conduct risk assessments.ResultsFrom 2016 to 2019， a total of 9 types and 15 106 vegetable samples were tested. Organophosphorus， organochlorine， carbamate and pyrethroid pesticides were detected. The overall detection rates were 0.98% （72/7 315）， 3.43% （109/3 178）， 4.44% （56/1 261） and 0.30% （10/3 352）， respectively. Among the four categories， there were some samples violating the stardards， including omethoate （0.05%，4/7 315）， phorate （0.16%，12/7 315）， chlorpyrifos （0.10%，7/7 315）， isofenphos-methyl（0.01%）， hydrocarbophos（0.01%）， methamphetamine （0.01%，1/7 315）， procymidone （0.09%，3/3 178）， chlorothalonil （0.03%，1/3 178）， cyhalothrin （0.32%，4/1 261）and amino carbofuran （0.09%，3/3 352）. The assessment results showed that the food safety index （IFS） was less than 1 based on the average pesticide residue concentration Ri， and the risk was acceptable. But there were some risks of phorate， triazophos， methophos， chlorothalonil and cyhalothrin based on the maximum value of Ri. The results of acute exposure assessment showed that there was acute risk with 1.42 mg/kg of phorate in tomatoes.ConclusionAll four types of pesticides in vegetables had been detected， and some had exceeded the standard. There were some health risks for phorate， triazophos， methophos， chlorothalonil and cyhalothrin when the food safety index method （IFS） was applied with the maximum value of the pesticide residue concentration Ri. The results of the acute exposure assessment indicate that there was an acute health risk of ingesting phorate through tomatoes. It was recommended that relevant departments strengthen the supervision of the use of prohibited and restricted pesticides to better protect the health of local residents.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the contmaination status of pesticide residues in vegetables sold in Inner Mongolia， and provide experimental basis for vegetable production， supervision， standard revision and risk assessment.Methods480 vegetable samples were collected from 12 cities in Inner Mongolia during 2019-2020， and 9 kinds of pesticide， 13 kinds of fungicide and dithiocarbamates were tested according to the procedure in the National Food Safety Surveillance Manual. Judgments were made in line with National Food Safety standard - Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food （GB 2763-2019）.ResultsIn 480 vegetables， the detection rates of 9 kinds of pesticide， 13 kinds of fungicide and dithiocarbamates were 11.04%（53/480）， 34.79%（167/480） and 27.71%（133/480）. The violation rates were 3.33%（16/480）， 1.46%（7/480） and 2.29%（11/480）. The vegetables which violated the standard were celery， scallion， pak choi and spinach. There were multiple fungicide residues in single vegetable.ConclusionPesticide residues and violation were detected in vegetables sold in Inner Mongolia and over standard， high toxic and virulent pesticides were detected. Effective supervision and inspection should be taken by related departments.