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The article explores outlook for surrogacy law reform in the U.S. through the possible expansion of the Title X Family Planning Program of the U.S. Public Health Service Act. Topics discussed include the need for the U.S. Office of Population Affairs (OPA) to consider conditional grants for surrogacy-focused clinics under the Title X Program, the legal consequences of inconsistent surrogacy laws, and brief details about the surrogacy laws in California, Connecticut, and Nevada.

The article discusses the authors' claim that publicly funded family planning services such as contraceptive care are under attack due to the policy agendas of U.S. President Donald Trump's administration, America's Congress, and various state governments as of 2017. The U.S. Medicaid health insurance program and Title X of America's Public Health Service Act are examined, along with abortions, women's health, and unintended pregnancies.

The article looks at the implications of the U.S. Affordable Care Act (ACA) to the network of Title X-supported family planning centers and for individuals it serves each year. It discusses the investigation by the nonprofit organization Guttmacher Institute on the trends in 32 Title X-funded family planning centers, which found a decline of uninsured client visits after implementation of the ACA's coverage expansions. Other findings of Guttmacher's investigation are also mentioned.

The article discusses the funding of public health care programs in America, Medicaid social insurance, and the Planned Parenthood medical services organization as of January 2013. A historical overview of social programs and related legislation in the U.S. is provided, including information on then-U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program. The U.S. Congress' amending of the nation's Public Health Service Act to include the Title X Family Planning Program is examined.

This retrospective reviews the policies that affect the fertility of American women, both policies designed to alter fertility intentionally as well as those that change childbearing unintentionally. Becker's seminal work on the economics of fertility serves as the theoretical foundation for this literature. After describing Becker's economic model, we review the empirical literature on fertility responses to social welfare policies, tax policies, the mandated health care coverage of infertility treatments, abortion policies, and government-sponsored family planning services. We also address several Supreme Court cases that have played an important role in the interpretation of these policies. Where relevant, this retrospective describes the distributional effects of these natalist policies. We also discuss the limitations of this literature and identify important gaps. Unlike most developed countries that have created strategies to increase fertility to support their ageing population, the United States spends considerably less time and thought on this issue. Our reading of the literature suggests that we have many public policies that have affected and continue to influence the fertility choices made by families in the United States and that this is a topical area that deserves more attention in policy debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines a new rule governing Title X of the Public Health Service Act, which concerns the provision of family planning assistance all American women, to be issued in January 2019. It discusses the proposed rules for Title X under the leadership of Diane Foley, deputy assistant secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Population Affairs. It also describes the possible impact of the new rule on the number of comprehensive family planning clinics in the U.S.