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Today, one of the big challenges of banks is the greening of actions and, most importantly, maintaining social and security factors as one of their important tasks, which can increase public trust and reduce people's concern about the impact of their activities on the environment, which itself It requires extensive research that some researchers have done more or less. However, less research has considered these important issues from the perspective of the effects of the integrated green management program and internal and external organizational factors. Based on this, the current study aims to investigate the impact of integrated green management programs and internal and external organizational factors on green banking and social and security factors. The current research method is a practical and descriptive survey. The statistical population, including 400 experts on the banking system, were selected as a sample using a stratified random method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The results of structural equation modelling using Smart PLS software showed that the integrated green management program has a significant effect on internal organizational factors. Also, the integrated green management program has a significant impact on external organizations. In addition, internal organizational factors have a significant impact on social and security green banking. On the other hand, extra-organizational factors have a significant effect on green banking, as well as social and security factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia, as a country with a highly developed automotive sector, is ranked 2nd under Thailand in the number of 4-wheeled vehicle production. However, the high number of automotive industries in Indonesia has directly threatened the high number of vehicles classified as end-of-life vehicles (ELV). Until now, Indonesia has been unable to address the ELV problem adequately; all efforts have been made to reduce the number of vehicles that are not suitable for use in Indonesia, such as the implementation of periodic emission tests, euro 2 and euro 4. Still, this regulation has not received a positive response from the public. This study attempts to test the previously designed acceptance model, in which external and internal factors from within the individual are considered. The findings of this study provide an overview of the social acceptance model for new policies, indicating that the government must consider each factor before developing and implementing new regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented which expresses the views on the current state of journalism amidst global crises. Topics include the impact of the Gaza conflict on journalists, the decline of public trust in mainstream media, and the challenges faced by journalism in verifying information during wartime. It also highlights the significance of journalism in upholding truth and democracy in an era of widespread disinformation and media manipulation.

Developments in international legislation and the growing digitalization of tax law support the advancement of global networks between tax authorities. We are witnessing an integration of databases that will lead to increasingly intense coordination of the fight against tax evasion at a supranational level. As in social networks and digital commerce, databases are gradually enriched, contain progressively precise information on the individual taxpayer and use common languages that allow for automated exchanges of information. While waiting for the creation of a global database - not conditioned by the constraints of reciprocity and abstractly usable by all authorized entities who need it - the first risks of limitation of the taxpayer's rights are emerging. In fact, these phenomena have dark sides that are starting to emerge in use, at a national level and with respect to individual taxpayers, of interpolated databases. Moreover, a growing amount of information flows from heterogeneous and increasingly widespread sources, sometimes not protected by the requirements of professionalism, legality and public trust since data collection and entry can be delegated to economic entities, intermediaries and consultants. The absence of an authority responsible for the unitary management of global databases and for the resolution of their conflicts, the slow and timid affirmation (only in some national systems) of the taxpayer's right of access to information concerning them, the difficult configuration of the faculty to request the correction of erroneous data and of the specular public power to remove the reported inaccuracies, weaken the system of protections gradually erected to protect the taxpayer's position. In this way, the coordination of national systems that contemporary tax law creates is strongly unbalanced on the side of the protection of tax interests. International and European tax law should instead provide greater guarantees in favor of the taxpayers, defending their right to fair taxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that trust in government is a critical feature of a well-functioning democracy, research into its determinants has long been a priority among public opinion scholars. The consensus in the literature is that short-term factors drive the ebbs and flows of public trust, and a climate of mistrust has significant consequences on the government's ability to deliver on policies and enforce the law. Despite decades of extensive research on public trust, changing circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic support the need to investigate the factors shaping trust in this distinct period. This article, using data from the American National Election Study, explores how economic, social, and political anxieties pervasive throughout the pandemic influence trust in the United States government. Findings from ordered logistic regression analyses indicate that public trust in government is associated with views of the government's COVID-19 response, beliefs about the state of the country and government corruption, economic anxieties, and concerns about election fraud and the status of American democracy. Findings also reveal that sentiments toward institutions—including the police and the Center for Disease Control—contribute to variability in public trust. The implications of these findings for criminal justice research and policy are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Public Administration & Civil Service / Memlekettìk Basķaru Ža̋ne Memlekettìk Ķyzmet is the property of Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan / Akademiya Gosun and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Zakat philanthropic institutions have a pivotal role in fund collection and distribution, yet they haven't realized their full potential primarily due to diminished public trust. Addressing this challenge requires strategies to elevate service quality. This study introduces an integrated method combining SERVQUAL, Kano, and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to optimize Zakat service quality. Out of twenty-one service attributes evaluated, fourteen were identified as pivotal for strategic enhancement, spanning areas like information management, human resources, and product diversification. Utilizing the QFD framework, these attributes were transformed into actionable quality improvement measures. The suggestions for quality improvement measures include refining website functionalities, ensuring consistent and engaging information dissemination, comprehensive employee training, introducing e-wallet options, and expanding student loan provisions. By integrating SERVQUAL, Kano, and QFD, this research offers a holistic assessment approach, emphasizing only those service aspects that truly resonate with donor satisfaction. The findings and recommendations present immediate actionable insights for institutions aiming to augment zakat collection and distribution efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the recent updates to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association's (CPA) Standards for Codes of Conduct for Members of Parliament and the Parliamentary Workplace. Topics include the introduction of new themes such as a commitment to a safe workplace and online behavior, the importance of parliamentary integrity in restoring public trust, and the need for codes of conduct to be tailored to the diverse contexts of various Parliaments.

Copyright of Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Electronic documents, such as contracts, court decisions, financial reports, etc., can contain valuable information about social factors that affect the security of financial and legal relations. Analysis of these documents helps to identify the interrelationships between public trust, power, technology, and other social phenomena in the context of their impact on the security of individuals and society as a whole. The purpose of the article is to determine the possibilities of using electronic documents as resources for sociological research to assess the level of security of financial and legal relations. The study uses historical and logical methods to highlight the current state of affairs in the field of digital data analytics, and the methods of comparison and generalization form the basis for classifying risk indicators available in the texts of electronic documents. It is indicated that in the context of the spread of digital interaction between people, understanding the sociological aspects of their behaviour reflected in electronic documents becomes key to assessing the risks of illegal financial transactions. The article substantiates the important role of electronic documents as a valuable resource for sociological research. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach, highlighting the possibilities of integrating sociological analysis, network research, linguistic pattern recognition and data mining methods to obtain meaningful information from large amounts of electronic documents. The main results of the study include the classification of indicators of illicit financial transaction behaviour present in the texts of electronic documents. The study highlights the practical value of using electronic documents in sociological research, offering practical guidance for government officials, lawyers, and analysts to improve risk assessment and develop security measures. The materials systematized in this study demonstrate the potential of open-source intelligence (OSINT) and advanced data analytics to build meaningful sociological models using electronic documents, highlighting their importance in addressing contemporary security analytical challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of "fair judgment and in a reasonable time" is integral to the administration of justice and the protection of human rights. This abstract explores the dual principles of fairness and timeliness within judicial processes, emphasizing their importance in ensuring that legal outcomes are just, equitable, and efficient. Fair judgment necessitates impartiality, transparency, and adherence to the rule of law, ensuring that all parties receive an unbiased and equitable hearing. Mean while, delivering judgments in a reasonable time is crucial to prevent undue delays that can exacerbate stress, financial burden, and uncertainty for the involved parties. The balance between thoroughness and efficiency is examined, highlighting the challenges faced by judicial systems globally, including caseload pressures and resource constraints. Additionally, the impact of delayed justice on public trust in legal institutions is discussed of Republic of North Macedonia. This analysis underscores the need for systemic reforms, such as procedural streamlining and technological innovations, to enhance the capacity of courts to deliver fair and timely judgments, thereby upholding the principles of justice and maintaining societal trust in the legal system of Republic of North Macedonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of treatment in this paper is the problem of detection and treatment of corruption. There is no single definition for corruption and in this case it is limited to the corruption practices of white-collar crime, being a link to institutional organized crime, with confirmation of the suspicion of crime in the Prosecutor's Office - especially that of serious crimes which is the main pillar of the state in this right to enforce the law and fight the phenomenon, as well as the state courts. Its meaning is broad and cannot be defined only by accepting or giving a bribe to an official or buying it, as is often practiced. Corruption is often carried out by a highly organized group of people, which gives us elements of institutional organized crime. Since corruption, especially political corruption, is carried out by highly qualified and professional persons, this greatly complicates the operation of the law, detection, investigation, prosecution and judgment of authoritative persons, decision-makers, due to the great powers to hide the traces of corruption and especially the crime of money laundering, being a serious consequence and with great material and moral damage for the citizens of a state. Due to the problems leading to the discovery and proof of this crime and due to the way it is committed, the secret nature, corruption is part of the crimes where the rate of proof is extremely low or even definitely impossible. The work is mainly elaborated on the problems encountered not only by the agencies, the bodies that have a mandate to prevent and fight this negative phenomenon in our society, but also the media and especially the citizens who are involved in harm from authoritative persons and state institutions. A major problem where the citizen there is no address for orientation and when the organized Institutional group usurps the State Institutions and in some form is created as a Mafia group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on advocating for increased gender diversity on the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals and highlights the efforts of The Infinity Project in supporting women seeking judicial positions. It emphasizes the importance of diverse perspectives in judicial decision-making and the impact of a more representative bench on public trust in the judicial system.

The results of this research on efforts to improve public trust are based on the implementation of the functions and roles of the Bhayangkara Trustee of Public Security and Order (Bhabinkamtibmas). Actual, acuity, reliable data, information, and knowledge as answers to the questions What, Why, Where, When, Who, and How (5W1H) improve public trust based on the re-actualization of the role of Bhabinkamtibmas actors using descriptive-qualitative research methods with normative approaches and factual approaches. The results of the study found that public trust is a keyword as well as a key success factor in improving the image of individuals and institutions (organizations) of service providers throughout the world, including at the locus of duty and the role of Bhabinkamtibmas in Makassar City, the capital of South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. Likewise, public trust is a necessity for realizing good governance, and accountable, acceptable, and happy service recipients. Therefore, public trust is a panacea that is effective when individual actors and public institutions at all levels of government, including Bhabinkamtibmas, expect an image of an organization (institution) capable of performing its functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the influence of strategic management practices on the performance of Uganda police force. Methodology: A descriptive research design was used in which quantitative data collection approach was applied. The population of the study was 96 from which a sample of 63 was selected. The study used both stratified random sampling and purposive sampling to select staff members in their respective strata (top police officers, middle-level officers, and low-level officers). A structured questionnaire in a five likert scale format was used to collect data from the respondents. The collected data was analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive analysis involved frequencies and percentages for demographic data of respondents. Inferential statistics in the form of correlation and multiple regression analyses were employed. Findings: Strategic management hold distinct positive relationships with performance of Uganda police. As strategic management increase, performance is likely to improve. These findings emphasize investing in strategic management initiatives to enhance overall organisational performance. The Uganda Police Force is regularly interactions with civilians, fostering increased citizen trust through community policing, which in turn enhances its effectiveness in law enforcement. There's high confidence in the police force's effective collaboration with experts, and collaborative projects are generally seen as successful. There are also community support for collaborative initiatives within the force. There is a well-established and highly effective crisis management plan in place, known and understood by the majority of its personnel. Uganda police force has an extensive staff capacity building plan in place, reflecting strong confidence in its commitment to enhancing personnel skills and knowledge. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of the public enforcement of law can be used to anchor future studies on the police administration sector. The study recommends that Uganda police force should address concerns about salary structures and remuneration fairness, as there is a substantial perception gap among personnel. Additionally, the force should maintain its commitment to personnel development through training and capacity building, given its positive impact on performance. Uganda Police Force should prioritize public awareness campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore whether the audit profession is impacted by global economic growth, how, and to what extent. In that manner, the study paper explores the interrelationship between the public trust in the auditors' work and the prevailing macroeconomic conditions. For the applied research methodology, the proportion of audit company revenue, for the period from 2005 through 2022, derived from audit services and non-audit services, is used as a proxy to measure 'the public trust in the auditors' work' and 'the audit expectation gap'. These resultants are multiplied to calculate the 'public interest', which is juxtaposed against the global gross domestic product growth for the same period, to support the conceptual assertion that the public interest follows the current trends in the global economy. The study finds that public interest is directly related to the public trust in the auditors' work. In this view, enhanced demand for audit services implies an increased public trust in the auditors' work. The higher the demand for audit services, the bigger the public trust in the auditors' work. The function of the audit expectation gap implies the general public to obtain a bigger scope of data and information regarding the operational activity of the auditees. The audit profession is connected with global economic growth through the public interest. This is because public interest follows the current trends in the global economy. The higher economic growth is accompanied by bigger public interest. In this regard, bigger public interest implies a bigger demand for audit services which in turn increases the public trust in the auditors' work. This paper which uses the public interest as an indicator for global economic growth, contributes to understanding the relationship between the audit profession and prevailing macroeconomic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on education arising from socio-technical controversies related to the use of algorithms. Topics include grades standardisation algorithm to calculate proxy grades for cancelled examinations sparked a range of unintended consequences, protests, and public trust issues; and education arising from socio-technical controversies related to the use of algorithms.

The proliferation of misinformation is an ongoing problem in the United States. The public's trust in news from the mainstream media is down, and the sharing of news items on social media is up--even the sharing of made-up news. Previous research has found third-person perceptions (TPP) indicate that people tend to believe that others are more influenced by misinformation than they are. People also believe they are more likely to correct their own misinformation than their perceived norm of how likely others are to correct misinformation that they have propagated. This replication study found that TPP and perceived norms influence a person's likelihood of self-correcting and correcting others when misinformation has been spread. Those with lower media hostility are also more likely to correct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a frame by which to hold government accountable for the protection of Oregon's forestlands using the public trust principle, which designates the government as a trustee of natural resources with a fiduciary responsibility to protect them and carry out the Constitution's promise of posterity. Topics discussed include property ownerships and regulation, fiduciary paradigm of management, forest as a trust asset and application of fiduciary trust standards to Oregon's forests.

This article reports the results of an extensive survey of persons who govern Australian charities (known as ‘responsible persons’) in relation to governance duties and conflicts of interest. These results are significant in light of the complexity of the legal framework governing Australia’s charities sector and in light of the shortage of empirical research into the sector. The results, combined with comprehensive legal analysis, enable critical evaluation of the overall effectiveness of the governance and regulatory system of charities in Australia, in turn enabling recommendations to ameliorate the difficulties caused by complexity and to facilitate improved governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny (0035-9629) is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the discussion on citizens imparting a wealth of wisdom. Topics include range, efficacy, and quality of services where elders receiving from Pennsylvania's courts having a matter of public trust and confidence; and bringing together the diverse and critical perspectives of the myriad stakeholders in the aging network.

Introduction to the Problem: This study aims to determine the implementation of investigative audits in accordance with the principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs/Badan Usaha Milik Negara, BUMN) Persero in calculating state losses. Purpose/Objective Study: This study uses a statutory approach and a case approach. The case study is exemplified in the case of PT. Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk (“Garuda Indonesia”). The research specification used is the explanatory legal study which aims to test a theory or hypothesis in order to strengthen or reject the existing theory or hypothesis of the research results. Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a normative juridical research, thus it is necessary to have an approach to the existing problems. Findings: According to the findings of the study, it is shown that by conducting an investigative audit based on the Good Corportate Governance (GCG) principles after the decision No. 425/Pdt.Sus.PKPU/2021/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst., Garuda Indonesia can improve its financial management and performance. An investigative audit that is conducted in a transparent, accountable and independent manner will increase public trust in the company and ensure that the company adopts GCG principles in managing its finances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media is essential in many aspects of our lives. Social media allows us to find news for free. anyone can access it easily at any time. However, social media may also facilitate the rapid spread of misleading news. As a result, there is a probability that low-quality news, including incorrect and fake information, will spread over social media. As well as detecting news credibility on social media becomes essential because fake news can affect society negatively, and the spread of false news has a considerable impact on personal reputation and public trust. In this research, we conducted a model that detects the credibility of Arabic news from social media; particularly Arabic tweets. The content of the tweets revolves around the COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed model applied to detect news credibility using text mining techniques and one of the well-known machine learning classifiers, Decision tree which has the best accuracy equal to 86.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethical and regulatory oversight of research animals is focused on vertebrates and rarely includes invertebrates. Our aim was to undertake the first study to describe differences in public confidence, trust, and expectations for the oversight of scientists using animals in research. Participants were presented with one of four treatments using a 2 by 2 design; terrestrial (T; mice and grasshoppers) vs. aquatic (A; zebrafish and sea stars) and vertebrates (V; mice and zebrafish) vs. invertebrates (I; grasshoppers and sea stars). A representative sample of census-matched Canadian participants (n = 959) stated their confidence in oversight, trust in scientists and expectation of oversight for invertebrates on a 7-point Likert scale. Participants' open-ended text reasoning for confidence and expectations of oversight were subjected to thematic analysis. Participants believed invertebrates should receive some level of oversight but at two-thirds of that currently afforded to vertebrates. Four primary themes emerged to explain participant expectation: (1) value of life, (2) animal experience, (3) participant reflection, and (4) oversight system centered. Confidence in oversight was highest for TV (mean ± SE; 4.5 ± 0.08) and AV (4.4 ± 0.08), less for TI (3.8 ± 0.10), and least for AI (3.5 ± 0.08), indicating the absence of oversight decreased public confidence. Four themes emerged to explain participant confidence, centered on: (1) animals, (2) participant reflection, (3) oversight system, and (4) science. Trust in scientists was similar for TV (4.3 ± 0.07) and AV (4.2 ± 0.07), but higher for TV compared to TI (4.1 ± 0.07) and TV and AV compared to AI (4.0 ± 0.06); absence of oversight decreased public trust in scientists. These results, provide the first evidence that the public believe invertebrates should receive some level of oversight if used for scientific experiments. The gap that exists between current and public expectations for the oversight of invertebrates may threaten the social licence to conduct scientific research on these animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to have access to sufficient water is enshrined in section 27(1)(b) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996. This right resulted in the adoption of the National Water Act 36 of 1998 (NWA) which fundamentally changed the foundations of the country's water law system. The preamble to the NWA states that water is "a scarce natural resource that belongs to all people". The Act broke new ground by introducing the concept of public trusteeship into the South African water law. Section 3 of the NWA stipulates that water falls under the centralised control of the public trustee to, inter alia, improve the allocation, management, use, conservation and equality of access to this scarce resource. The concept of public trusteeship provides for water allowances granted at the discretion of the public trustee. This new system is a fundamental step away from the previous regulatory regime that provided for private and exclusive rights to water use. We are therefore witnesses to a transformation in which property rights in the water sector were redefined, often to the dismay of landowners. In the quest to demystify the concept of public trusteeship in South Africa's water law, this article sets out to provide and evaluate a diverse set of property rights paradigms against which the public trusteeship-based property regime in water resources law can be measured. A better understanding of the property rights paradigm within which water as a natural resource is presently regulated may contribute to clarity regarding the nature, duration and possible limitations of individual rights to water acquired in terms of the NWA. Through the mobilisation of legal pluralism, the article provides new opportunities for construing the property rights paradigm of the NWA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commentary: Rappler is the only journalist-owned and journalist-led media company in the Philippines. In the aftermath of chief executive Maria Ressa’s 2021 Nobel Peace Prize, this keynote address at the Asian Congress for Media and Communication (ACMC) outlines how the independent media group has harnessed social media and pressured Facebook and the tech giants that control the global information highway to do better and to give facts premium over profits. The address argues that the only way media can regain public trust in journalism is to regain their rightful space in the public sphere. This will not be able to be achieved in an environment where algorithms make value judgments for the public and where readers are served only information that they want or enjoy. Without journalists who will tell it like it is no matter the consequences, the future will continue to be one of alternate facts and manipulated opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Criterio Libre is the property of Revista Criterio Libre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the outbreak of the COVID-19, investigating the way in which people react to epidemics from a social point of view seems necessity. A lesser-known societal feature of COVID-19 consists of the trust that COVID-19 patients have in the modern medical institutions, which will be addressed in this research from the standpoint of institutional trust theories, most notably Giddens' Theory of Abstract Systems Trust, and through Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis of the collected data. The statistical population for this study is comprised of COVID-19 patients, who have been infected with the virus between since the outbreak of the disease in September 2020. Twenty-one patients were chosen through a purposive sampling method, and semi-structured interviews were conducted them. According to the research findings, COVID-19 patients' opinions can be classified into three categories: 'medical science and expertise', 'hospital environment,' and 'medical staff,' each of which contains sources of trust and distrust. Among the COVID-19 patients that have been interviewed, there appears to be a boost in public trust in medical personnel, while these patients' trust in medical science and expertise, as well as in the hospital environment, has eroded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Zealand's two intelligence and security agencies play crucial roles in preserving our democracy and protecting the public from various harms associated with political violence. Scandals involving intelligence professionals likely diminish public trust and confidence in these agencies, which appears to be very low among some marginalised communities and minority groups. While official secrecy is required for sound strategic and operational reasons, it hampers meaningful articulation of the value proposition underpinning these agencies and their work. Reassuring the public is vital for the intelligence and security agencies, given their highly intrusive powers. Rather than more reviews of, increased transparency by, or stronger accountability over the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service and the Government Communications Security Bureau, we suggest that a parliamentary commissioner for security is needed to help foster a level of public awareness and build the understanding required for trust and confidence to be restored in these agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes the creation of a public trust for residents' personal data in states and municipalities to resolve regulatory gaps in personal data economies and data governance through fiduciary duties in order to mitigate harms that result from transforming personal data into a public asset.

Corporate criminal liability and piercing corporate veil are challenges of the criminal administration of justice. The company pleads lack of men's rea. The wrongdoers hide behind the corporate veil. However, justice and equity demand enforcement of criminal liability for crimes. The notions of corporate criminal liability piercing the corporate veil are duly recognized in statutes and precedents of Pakistan and the United Kingdom. However, some theoretical and procedural deficiencies ought to be addressed. The test to weigh corporate men's rea, the ambiguity of principles justifying piercing corporate veil, the multiplicity of forums, unregulated discretion of the court, and chances of double jeopardy are some of the important issues. The objectives of this research are to examine all the issues, identify the causes, and find out the remedial steps. The research methodology is mainly doctrinal and comparative through evaluation of statutes and precedents with the United Kingdom. This research has corporate and legal impacts. It shall aid expeditious and meritorious adjudication, development of positive corporate culture, and boosting public trust in the judiciary. The findings reveal that the major issues exist while the solution lies in the reformation of corporate criminal laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on using of DNA markers in research used in law enforcement risks undermining public trust and participation. Topics include research community broadly adopting a human tissue authentication standard based on a well-characterized set of short tandem repeats (STRs); and disparities in the earlier stages of the criminal legal system being replicated in CODIS.

The Christchurch attack on 15 March 2019, when 51 Muslims were murdered by a right-wing extremist carrying half a dozen semiautomatic rifles and shotguns, brought the nation's relaxed gun laws to light. Prior attempts to pass gun safety legislation have been thwarted by groups purporting to represent New Zealand gun owners. However, the swift and decisive political actions in the immediate wake of the attack signalled greater political appetite for meaningful change. Using unique data collected immediately in the wake of the Christchurch attack, this study examines who gun owners are, New Zealanders' trust in gun owners and the pro-gun lobby, and whether trust differs by gun ownership and political ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the data on donations to New Zealand political parties collected by the Electoral Commission. The purpose is to address who gets what, and why. Relatively small amounts are donated. A little may buy considerable influence. There is limited evidence of strong upward trends in political donations, suggesting a systemic equilibrium. The plurality of donations is received by unsuccessful parties, suggesting that money is insufficient for political success. Most donations come from individuals (mostly men) or families. Cross-political spectrum donations are mostly from businesses and to the two dominant parties, suggesting that businesses are trying to buy the ear of the major power in government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assess the relationship between citizens' participation in scientific research and public trust in research results within social sciences. We conduct an online citizen science quasiexperiment concerning the delineation of metropolitan areas of Poland's two major cities. It consists of two stages. In stage one, participants in one region are exposed to citizen science and directly involved in delineating the boundaries of their local metropolitan area. In stage two, we add another region in which participants are not involved in the research process. In both regions we ask the participants to evaluate the level of their trust in the presented maps of respective metropolitan areas: based on citizen science in one region and historical data regression analysis in the other region. Our contribution to the literature lies in two areas. First, we demonstrate how citizen science can be used in urban studies to delineate boundaries of urban and metropolitan areas exhibiting strong functional connections. Second, we show that the participation of local residents in the research process increases public trust in the study results compared to non-participatory 'traditional academic' research. These results confirm that citizen science programs deserve to be strongly supported by European institutions as a possible means to resolving the credibility crisis of science, research and evidence-based policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two findings stand out in the literature on public attitudes vis-à-vis courts. The first is that judicial independence increases public trust. The second is that 'to know courts is to love them'. In this study, these stylised facts are used as a starting point to ask three questions. First, is there also a role for judicial accountability in fostering public trust, above and beyond that played by independence? Second, could it be that only the most aware citizens are sensitive to such properties of the judicial system? Third, is the notion that 'to know courts is to love them' limited to systems with high levels of judicial independence and accountability? Using recently available macro-level indicators of judicial independence and accountability and the high-quality survey data collected by the European Social Survey in 32 countries throughout more than a decade, this study provides evidence that the answers to these questions are positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]