Search

Multifactorial statistical analysis was used to identify differential diagnostic cytological features of glandular hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Twelve cytological features were identified for calculating linear discriminant function. The effectiveness of the diagnostic algorithm depends upon the diagnostic value of the sample and proficiency of the cytologist.

The paper discusses some problems of standardization of diagnostic reports made at different stages of cytologic examination in the course of mass gynecologic screenings. The stages were as follows: (1) sorting-out of pathologic and normal material, (2) primary cytologic diagnosis, (3) final cytomorphologic diagnosis. A cytomorphologic classification based on the degree of atypia of cervical epithelium and on histo-cytological correlations is suggested.

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.

Examinations of punctates and impressions of lymph nodes from 68 children with primary untreated lymphogranulomatosis permitted to develop the criteria for differential cytological diagnosis of all types and variants of lymphogranulomatosis on the basis of histogenetic analysis and clinico-morphological comparisons, according to histological classification of the WHO. This proved to be possible only after it had been assumed that the original tumor cell must be a semi-stem cell of bone-marrow origin of histiocytic-reticular shoot which normally provides for physiological regeneration of reticular network of the lymph node. It appears that such a cell is a small lymphocyte-like cell with invaginated nucleus, the so-called small cleaved cell.

A clinico-morphological analysis of 157 cases of papillary cancer of the thyroid is made. Depending on the presence and time of appearance of regional metastases three groups of patients are distinguished: I -- regional metastases are the first clinical manifestation of the lesion (87 patients); II -- the lesion starts with the appearance of a node in the gland, regional metastases develop later (50 patients); III -- thyroid tumor without regional metastases (20 patients). The groups sungled out differ reliably in the rate of tumor growth and prognosis. The first group proved to be most favourable with respect to prognosis. A five-year survival in patients of the first group was noted in 92 +/- 3.3%, while 84 +/- 7.4% of patients survived for 10 years and longer. There were no essential differences in the morphological signs in the concerned clinical groups of papillary cancer of the thyroid.

To the cheek pouch mucosa of 118 male Syrian golden hamsters 0.5% acetone solution of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene was applied 3 times a week during 2 months. Two months after beginning of the experiments all the hamsters developed tumors. Since that time a mixture of epidermal G1 and G2 chalones was applied to the cheek pouch mucosa of the experimental animals 5 times a week. The control hamsters received saline alone. As compared to the control, the experimental hamsters demonstrated an increase in the life-span, tumor growth retardation and regression of part of the tumors. The data obtained attest to the anti-neoplastic action of chalones.

An 0.5% acetone solution of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene was applied to the mucosa of the cheek pouch of 68 Syrian male hamsters. Cytological examination of mucosa samples obtained from the cheek pouch was carried out, and the bioptates and tissues of dead animals were studied histologically. Squamous cell carcinoma of the pouch was identified in 100%. Cytologically-confirmed hyperplasia and dysplasia of the epithelium were found to precede cancer development.

The role of cytologic assays in recognizing gastric ulcer malignant transformation is shown. Cytologic investigation should be considered to be obligatory in the complex examination of patients with chronic gastric ulcer. Patients with a cytological conlusion of "cancer" and "suspicion to cancer" even in negative histological findings should be re-examined thoroughly.

Brief literature data on the incidence and difficulties of diagnosis of cancer arising in remnants of the thyroglossal duct are reported. Three personal authors' observations are described. The correct diagnosis was not established prior to surgery. Tumor removal with resection of the sublingual bone is recommended as the most rational method of treatment.

The results of a macro- and microscopic study of aspirate obtained from prostatic cancer patients in 253 needle biopsies are presented. In well-differentiated cancer, it was abundant, blood-stained, with large layers of the prostatic epithelium and insignificant atypia and polymorphism of tumor cells. Aspirate from moderately-differentiated tumors was scarce, generally blood-free, with small layers of the epithelium and considerable levels of isolated moderately polymorphous cells. In poorly-differentiated tumors, aspirate was also abundant but usually blood-free and contained isolated sharply polymorphous tumor cells.

The clinicoroentgenological data in 45 cases (20 males and 25 females, average age 50.3 years) of soft tissue liposarcomas, histologically subdivided into 28 myxoid, 12 polymorphic and 5 round-cell tumors were compared. The means case history was 3.2 years (3.8 years--for myxoid and 2.2 years for polymorphic and roundcell liposarcomas). In 95.6% of cases, tumor sites were in the musculare of the extremities, more frequently, legs. Tumors were rather large in size (average 16.5 cm). Myxoid tumors developed slowly, causing no pain. The radiograms of these tumors showed multiple tumor nodes, reduced shadow density, structural heterogeneity, distinct contours, infrequent cutaneous infiltration and secondary changes in bones. Signs of malignancy were indistinct in angiograms. Clinically and roentgenologically, round-cell liposarcomas resembled most other types of soft tissue sarcomas. Polymorphic tumors had many features in common both with myxoid and round-cell neoplasms.

Under study was the kinetics of morphological changes of high-differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid after repeat operative interventions, the interval between those was 2--15 years. It is suggested that during the development of high differentiated thyroid tumors the morphological structure of the tumor is remained and shows no tendency to transformation into anaplastic forms. Tumors showing both papillary and anaplastic structures (papillary polymorphous cancers) are considered to be the result of irregular tumor progression under which separate zones of neoplastic cells proved to be in different stages of differentiation.

Myxoid sarcomas are characterized by the presence of branching capillaries in preparations around which lipogenesis is proceeded (unilocular and multilocular). Fat is chemically neutral. The cell content is represented by two basic kinds of cells: 1. stellate lipoblast -- a cambial element of the tumor, and 2. mature lipocyte -- a terminal stage of the differentiation of stellate lipoblast. Moreover, variable intermediate forms demonstrating the stage of lipoge nesis may be encountered. The differential diagnosis between the former and intramuscular myxoma and neurinoma (Antony B type) was made. The work is based on the analysis of 10 cases of myxoid liposarcomas.

Methylcholanthrene solution was applied to the lower lip mucosa of 110 CC57 BR male mice during 2 months. Simultaneously with or after methylcholanthrene application part of mice was injected into the lower lip with ethanolic extract of rat skin containing epidermal G1 and G2 chalones. The remaining mice were injected with liver chalones or were left intact. Administration of the epidermal chalone produced the tumor growth retention, and the increased frequency of tumour regression, promoted tumor differentiation and decreased tumor invasion. The results indicate the possibility of using chalones as inhibitors of tumor growth.