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Purple Pak-choi is rich in anthocyanins, which have both ornamental and edible health functions, and has been used more and more widely in facility cultivation. In order to further clarify the molecular mechanism of purple Pak-choi, two Pak-choi inbred lines ('PQC' and 'HYYTC') were selected for the determination of pigment content and transcriptome analysis, and the key genes controlling the formation of purple character in leaves of Pak-choi were discovered. The results of pigment determination showed that the anthocyanin content of 'PQC' was 0.29 mg/g, which was about 100 times than 'HYYTC'; The chlorophyll content of 'HYYTC' was 2.25 mg/g, while 'PQC' only contained 1.05 mg/g. A total of 20 structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and 28 transcriptional regulatory genes were identified by transcriptome analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct the weight network analysis map of 14 genes. The results showed that the cinnamate hydroxylase gene (BraA04002213, BrC4H3), flavanone-3- hydroxylase (BraA09004531, BrF3H1), and chalcone synthetase (BraA10002265, BrCHS1) were the core genes involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway of purple Pak-choi. The results identified the key genes controlling the formation of purple leaf traits, which laid a foundation for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in purple Pak-choi and provided a theoretical basis for leaf color regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The colors have role in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. A change in color of skin or urine may indicate the underlying pathological alterations in body. Similarly, a change in visual color perception may be an early indicator of neuropsychological disorder requiring medical attention. In addition, colors affect the perceived effect (beneficial or adverse) of a drug and thus influence the effectiveness of a drug. In an experiment, 100 medical students were given blue or pink placebo in the garb of sedative or stimulant medicine respectively. Subjects taking the blue placebos felt less alert (66%) than those taking the pink (26%) and also drowsier. Studies show that red, yellow, and orange drug formulations are perceived as stimulant whereas blue and green as tranquillizing drugs. The sildenafil is known world over as “the Blue Pill” because blue refers to calmness and tranquility. Interestingly, its use may result in difficulty in discriminating colors such as blue, purple, and green. The purple color is a secondary color, a mix of two primary colors red and blue. The purple color symbolizes calm, creativity, dignity, frustration and sadness, luxury, magic, and mysticism and power. Poetically, it signifies love. The purple-heart epitomizes love, trust, and support. ‘A purple patch in once life’ is an idiom to narrate a period of exceptional success or good luck. In Feng Shui, purple color emanates high vibrations and is used sparingly. Excess use can promote depression! The “Porphura” is the ancient Greek word for purple. It originates from the purpura mollusk, which produces a purple substance used to dye the royal clothes.

Purple Pak-choi is rich in anthocyanins, which have both ornamental and edible health functions, and has been used more and more widely in facility cultivation. In order to further clarify the molecular mechanism of purple Pak-choi, two Pak-choi inbred lines (‘PQC’ and ‘HYYTC’) were selected for the determination of pigment content and transcriptome analysis, and the key genes controlling the formation of purple character in leaves of Pak-choi were discovered. The results of pigment determination showed that the anthocyanin content of ‘PQC’ was 0.29 mg/g, which was about 100 times than ‘HYYTC’; The chlorophyll content of ‘HYYTC’ was 2.25 mg/g, while ‘PQC’ only contained 1.05 mg/g. A total of 20 structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and 28 transcriptional regulatory genes were identified by transcriptome analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct the weight network analysis map of 14 genes. The results showed that the cinnamate hydroxylase gene (BraA04002213, BrC4H3), flavanone-3- hydroxylase (BraA09004531, BrF3H1), and chalcone synthetase (BraA10002265, BrCHS1) were the core genes involved in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway of purple Pak-choi. The results identified the key genes controlling the formation of purple leaf traits, which laid a foundation for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in purple Pak-choi and provided a theoretical basis for leaf color regulation.

[ Objectives] This study was conducted to find out regulatory genes related to purple in spears of asparagus ( Asparagus officinal,is L. ) . [Methods] The stable asparagus inbred line ]X1513-5 (the base of the spear is purple) and JLV1718-7(the base of the spear is green) were used as parents to study the genetic law of purple/ green traits in their offspring. [Results] The results showed that the purple in the basal part of asparagus spear was controlled by a pair of alleles, and purple was dominant over green. The F2 segregation population was resequenced by the bulk segregation analysis ( BSA) method, and the purple trait in the basal part of asparagus spear was located in the interval of 24. 51 -25. 08 Mb on Chr07 chromosome, which included 47 genes. According to the annotation information, three candidate genes were screened out: WC109849403, WC109849430 and LOC109849442. The candidate genes were verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR ( qRT-PCR), and finally LOC109849442 was obtained as the candidate gene for controlling the purple/green trait in the basal part of asparagus spear. [Conclusions] This study lays a foundation for the breeding of new asparagus varieties and molecular marker-assisted breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a valuable horticultural crop with economic significance, and its purple fruit color is attributed to anthocyanin, a phytonutrient known for its health-promoting benefits. However, the mechanisms regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper have yet to be fully elucidated. Methods RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was utilized to analyze the transcriptome of fruits from three purple-fruited varieties (HN191, HN192, and HN005) and one green-fruited variety (EJT) at various developmental stages. To determine the relationships between samples, Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) and principal component analysis (PCA) were calculated. Differential expression analysis was performed using the DESeq2 package to identify genes that were expressed differently between two samples. Transcription factors (TF) were predicted using the iTAK program. Heatmaps of selected genes were generated using Tbtools software. Results The unripe fruits of HN191, HN192, and HN005, at the stages of 10, 20, and 30 days after anthesis (DAA), display a purple color, whereas the unripe fruits of variety EJT remain green. To understand the molecular basis of this color difference, five transcriptome comparisons between green and purple fruits were conducted: HN191-10 vs EJT-10, HN191-20 vs EJT-20, HN191-30 vs EJT-30, HN192-30 vs EJT-30, and HN005-30 vs EJT-30. Through this analysis, 503 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these DEGs, eight structural genes related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and 24 transcription factors (TFs) were detected. Notably, one structural gene (MSTRG.12525) and three TFs (T459_25295, T459_06113, T459_26036) exhibited expression patterns that suggest they may be novel candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. These results provide new insights into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple pepper fruit and suggest potential candidate genes for future genetic improvement of pepper germplasm with enhanced anthocyanin accumulation.

On 20 February 1939, a new Japanese diplomatic cipher machine that U.S. Army codebreakers would name PURPLE came into use. By 10 April 1939, the Army's Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) had made startling progress. SIS codebreakers had discovered that, for no cryptographic reason, PURPLE maintained the split of the Roman alphabet into a set of 6 letters and a set of 20 letters—the sixes and the twenties—a split that had been observed in PURPLE's predecessor RED. They had a familiar problem, and they were quickly able to recover the enciphering table for the sixes But 18 months later they were still puzzled by the enciphering of the twenties Then, on 20 September 1940, Genevieve Grotjan, an SIS codebreaker, made a discovery that opened the way for the recovery of the PURPLE machine. This paper explores the patterns for which Grotjan was searching and concludes with what she found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yakan House is one of the historical houses in Cairo, dating back to the beginning of the nineteenth century. The house was neglected until its elements deteriorated until it was owned by a person interested in heritage who pledged to preserve it to become a cultural center to revive traditional crafts after architectural restoration. During the architectural restoration, blurred and unclear wall paintings dating back to the era of construction were discovered, and they were covered with a thick layer of mortar. Therefore, the research aims to study the discovered wall paintings and remove the plaster layer that covers them by modern mechanical, chemical and scientific detection methods. It was photographed using infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet rays, and was examined using light microscopy and examination and analysis electron microscopy (SEM-EDAX).It has been identified that the preparation layer consists of calcite (CaCO3), quartz (SiO2) and gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), and that the dark blue color is composed of lapis lazuli, and that the purple color is a result of mixing blue and red together, and that the brown color is a mixture of red with the black. As for the dark yellow color, it consists of iron oxide (goethite). And through the analysis (FTIR) it was found that the adhesive used to bind the coloring material is gum arabic. Then the mural was treated, and this included removing the thick mortar layer with mechanical and chemical cleaning, replacing the damaged layers of preparation, and strengthening and fixing the discovered drawings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "blue" (as a color) did not appear in Persian literature prior to the 12th century A.H./ 18th century A.D. However, the term "violet" is frequently mentioned, and especially in Ferdowsi's Shāhnāmeh. In spite of this fact, the Berlin-Kay theory proposes that human languages develop a term for the color blue in their fifth state of evolution; then developing a term for the color violet in the seventh stage of evolution. The present study aims to answer the following questions: What are the characteristics of the color violet in Ferdowsi's Shāhnāmeh? To what extend do these characteristics align with contemporary definitions of the color violent? This study applies the Berlin-Kay theory and investigates instances of mentioning the color violet in the text of Shāhnāmeh (edited by Khāliq-i Muṭlaq). These instances are then compared with other verses in Shāhnāmeh and other works of Persian poetry, in order to re-present the characteristics of the color violet in the text and its relation to the current definition of violet in Persian language. The findings showcase that the characteristics of the color violet in Shāhnāmeh concord with the color azure blue and not with the color of violet as known in contemporary Persian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemostasis disorders are serious pathologies that could put dental and surgical procedures at risk as they are associated with postoperative bleeding, which in some circumstances could be prolonged and dangerous for the patient. In-depth knowledge of the problems associated with coagulation pathologies and the suitable specific procedures should be implemented in dental practice. A good awareness of the clinical protocols to be used in these circumstances may help reduce operator stress and increase patient compliance. Collaboration with the haematologist is always recommended to establish an adequate treatment plan, both regarding the administration of therapies that promote haemostasis and for assessing the operative risk. Hereby, we summarize the congenital and hereditary pathologies that lead to haemostasis disorders, which can be found in patients undergoing dental procedures. The purpose of this narrative review is to frame the diseases from a clinical, anamnestic, and etiopathological standpoint, as well as to evaluate an operative approach to the pathology under consideration, with particular attention to anaesthesia manoeuvres and post-surgical haemostasis, to avoid hematoma formation and uncontrolled bleeding which can lead procedure failure up and even death. Of note, it is likewise important to educate the patient about prevention, to keep the oral cavity healthy and avoid invasive procedures, limiting the number of operative sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purple heading Chinese cabbage has become popular in recent years due to its attractive color and health benefits. However, purple varieties remain rare, and the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese cabbage is still largely unknown. By introducing the purple color trait from Brassica juncea, a new purple heading Chinese cabbage cultivar (18M-245) was generated with deep purple leaves at both the seedling and adult stages. Anthocyanin accumulation in 18M-245 increased when grown at low temperatures. FISH and genotyping results showed that the purple trait was caused by an alien chromosome addition line derived from the Brassica B genome. The LDOX coding gene BjuB014115 from the addition line was highly expressed in 18M-245, consistent with the results of anthocyanin accumulation. Meanwhile, several MYB and bHLH transcriptional factors from the Brassica A genome were found to directly bind to the promoter of BjuB014115, suggesting that interactions between the Brassica A and B genomes are involved in the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chinese cabbage. Our results provide new insights into the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple heading Chinese cabbage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along the Southeast coast of the Iberian Peninsula are numerous remains linked to the ancient purple exploitation destined for elaborating dyes. Our study focused on analysing the Torregarcía's site (Almeria, Spain), which is set in the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park, a protected coastal space of huge ecological interest. Torregarcía was excavated in the 1980s. Despite its importance, it has remained invisible to the historiography of the last three decades due to the lack of scientific publications on the matter. The current archaeological works, performed by non-invasive prospection techniques, such as GPR, magnetometer or UAV, revealed the relevance of purple exploitation as one of the main activities and have made possible the documentation of more complex facilities associated with excavated structures and the extensive shell midden. Along with these, other buildings and shell middens have been found throughout the coast of this location. This study emphasised the first results of the 2019 and 2021 campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of a schema is viewed as an organic mechanism by which new experiences are combined with the old ones, and the idea of a schema is viewed as an active organization of previous responses and experiences. New experiences are typically explained to people as being alive, constantly evolving, and affected by each new emotional and cognitive input. While elaborating on this, it is known that all cultural, social, and personal accumulations or experiences are the most effective situations in the individual's memory for the acquisition of new knowledge and behavior. Rather than being formed by discrete, fragmented individual inputs, knowledge acquisition, memory, and behavior are all formed by a combination of these. When the cultural schema is applied in terms of ancient societies, it is possible to assess how those societies' lifestyles and sociocultural resources are reflected in other cultures. Many terms for Canaanite and Phoenician words were drawn from the ancient cultural schema. These phrases capture the Canaanite and Phoenician territories' cultural makeup, way of life, and economic might. The most striking of these are the words purple, merchant and Bible, meaning the Bible, the holy book of Christianity. The reflection of the Phoenicians in the cultural schema of the Greeks led them to name them. In the same way, the Canaanites, who are accepted as the ancestors of the Phoenicians in the Old Testament, are also reflected in the cultural schema of the Hebrews. The aim of this study is to examine the names given to Canaan and Phoenician cultures and phenomena in the cultural schema of Ancient Greek and Near Eastern societies within the framework of western and ancient sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivio Giuridico is the property of Mucchi Editore and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The exploitation of natural resources, both terrestrial and marine, has conditioned the presence of population centers since prehistoric times in the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park. As it intensified since ancient times, the human footprint on the landscape was accentuated, breaking the fragile coastal erosion-sedimentation balance by interacting with natural processes, especially from the 1950s; producing changes in the coastline that affected the archaeological sites. One of our lines of research is to reconstruct the original environment of these habitat and production sites bearing in mind these transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a complication of bacterial colonisation of bladder catheters in which urine turns purple in the tubing, as well as in the catheter bag. This rare phenomenon can be very worrisome and stressful for the patients and their families, as well as for the healthcare team taking care of them. Recognising this complication is essential in order to avoid misdiagnosis and erroneous treatment. We report a case of PUBS in a 71-year-old female patient. Case presentation A 71-year-old woman with previous medical history of schizophrenia was admitted to the emergency department for anorexia and suspicion of psychotic decompensation. Acute urine retention and rectal faecal impaction were clinically suspected and confirmed by bladder ultrasound and rectal examination, respectively. The patient underwent bladder catheterisation as well as a rectal enema. The day after her admission, our medical team was approached by the nurse in charge of the patient because of purple urine in her catheter bag and tubing. The diagnosis of PUBS was made with the help of the Oxford urine chart. A dipstick urinalysis revealed alkaline urine (pH = 8), and the urine culture was subsequently positive for Proteus mirabilis, which is sensitive to quinolones, beta-lactams and nitrofurantoin. The bladder catheter was changed. The patient received empiric antibiotic therapy with Levofloxacin 500 mg once daily. After obtaining the antibiogram, the targeted antibiotic therapy was adapted with oral Cefuroxime 500 mg three times a day for a total duration of seven days of antibiotic therapy. There was no recurrence of purple urine. Conclusion PUBS is a rare complication of bacteriuria, which induces a purple colouration of the tubing as well as the catheter bag. It is a simple spot diagnosis, as there is no other known cause of purple urine. This is why we believe that the Oxford urine chart represents a very interesting and easily accessible tool to help clinicians to investigate any abnormal urine colour.

One hypothesis for the origin of endemic species of tomato on the Galápagos islands postulates a hybridization of Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum habrochaites. Solanum galapagense accession LA1141 has purple fruit pigmentation, previously described in green‐fruited wild tomatoes such as S. habrochaites or Solanum chilense. Characterization of LA1141 derived purple pigmentation provides a test of the hybridization hypothesis. Purple pigmentation was recovered in progenies derived from LA1141, and the anthocyanins malvidin 3(coumaroyl)rutinoside‐5‐glucoside, petunidin 3‐(coumaroyl) rutinoside‐5‐glucoside, and petunidin 3‐(caffeoyl)rutinoside‐5‐glucoside were abundant. Fruit color was evaluated in an introgression population, and three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were mapped and validated in subsequent populations. The loci atroviolacium on chromosome 7, Anthocyanin fruit on chromosome 10, and uniform ripening also on chromosome 10 underly these QTLs. Sequence analysis suggested that the LA1141 alleles of Aft and atv are unique relative to those previously described from S. chilense accession LA0458 and Solanum cheesmaniae accession LA0434, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the LA1141 Aft genomic sequence did not support a green‐fruited origin, and the locus clustered with members of the red‐fruited tomato clade. The LA1141 allele of Aft is not the result of an ancient introgression from the green‐fruited clade and underlies a gain of anthocyanin pigmentation in the red‐fruited clade. Highlight: Anthocyanin fruit and atroviolacium confer purple pigmentation in Solanum galapagense LA1141, confirming a mechanism described for green‐fruited tomatoes. LA1141 alleles cluster with red‐fruited homologs suggesting an independent gain of pigmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare phenomenon, which usually occurs in chronically constipated women having long-term catheters. The underlying pathogenesis is linked to sulfatase producing bacteria in the urinary tract, which react to produce indigo (violet) and indirubin (red) pigment and the mixture gives a purple hue in the presence of alkaline urine. Treatment of the underlying urinary tract infection (UTI), change of catheter, and management of predisposing conditions prevent its recurrence. We report a case of a 74-year-old diabetic man who had Enterobacter cloacae-related UTI with PUBS in acidic urine and managed successfully.

Copyright of Itinerarios (1507-7241) is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The 6th century Codex Sinopensis or Sinope Gospels (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France) is one of the most precious purple codices that survive from the Late Antique period. Together with the Vienna Genesis (Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek) and the Rossano Gospels (Rossano Calabro, Museo Diocesano), it has an unusually rich decorative apparatus with scenes representing biblical episodes. It can be, therefore, considered one of the most important preserved artistic productions of the early medieval era. The manuscript has been subjected to a non-invasive diagnostic campaign to evaluate the quality of the colourants used in its decoration, to understand how the parchment was coloured, and to carry out a comparison with the Vienna Genesis and the Rossano Gospels. The techniques used were UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry with optical fibres (FORS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), spectrofluorimetry, and optical microscopy. Analyses highlighted the presence of ultramarine blue, which, besides the use of pure gold for the ink and paint, certifies the high value of the manuscript. In addition, this must be seen as one of the earliest examples of its use in paintings. The purple colour of the parchment was identified as orchil, a dye extracted from lichens, similar to the results of analytical investigations carried out on other purple codices, and not the expected Tyrian purple dye.

Haemostasis disorders are serious pathologies that could put dental and surgical procedures at risk as they are associated with postoperative bleeding, which in some circumstances could be prolonged and dangerous for the patient. In-depth knowledge of the problems associated with coagulation pathologies and the suitable specific procedures should be implemented in dental practice. A good awareness of the clinical protocols to be used in these circumstances may help reduce operator stress and increase patient compliance. Collaboration with the haematologist is always recommended to establish an adequate treatment plan, both regarding the administration of therapies that promote haemostasis and for assessing the operative risk. Hereby, we summarize the congenital and hereditary pathologies that lead to haemostasis disorders, which can be found in patients undergoing dental procedures. The purpose of this narrative review is to frame the diseases from a clinical, anamnestic, and etiopathological standpoint, as well as to evaluate an operative approach to the pathology under consideration, with particular attention to anaesthesia manoeuvres and post-surgical haemostasis, to avoid hematoma formation and uncontrolled bleeding which can lead procedure failure up and even death. Of note, it is likewise important to educate the patient about prevention, to keep the oral cavity healthy and avoid invasive procedures, limiting the number of operative sessions.

Purple heading Chinese cabbage has become popular in recent years due to its attractive color and health benefits. However, purple varieties remain rare, and the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese cabbage is still largely unknown. By introducing the purple color trait from Brassica juncea, a new purple heading Chinese cabbage cultivar (18M-245) was generated with deep purple leaves at both the seedling and adult stages. Anthocyanin accumulation in 18M-245 increased when grown at low temperatures. FISH and genotyping results showed that the purple trait was caused by an alien chromosome addition line derived from the Brassica B genome. The LDOX coding gene BjuB014115 from the addition line was highly expressed in 18M-245, consistent with the results of anthocyanin accumulation. Meanwhile, several MYB and bHLH transcriptional factors from the Brassica A genome were found to directly bind to the promoter of BjuB014115, suggesting that interactions between the Brassica A and B genomes are involved in the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chinese cabbage. Our results provide new insights into the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple heading Chinese cabbage.

Along the Southeast coast of the Iberian Peninsula are numerous remains linked to the ancient purple exploitation destined for elaborating dyes. Our study focused on analysing the Torregarcía’s site (Almeria, Spain), which is set in the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park, a protected coastal space of huge ecological interest. Torregarcía was excavated in the 1980s. Despite its importance, it has remained invisible to the historiography of the last three decades due to the lack of scientific publications on the matter. The current archaeological works, performed by non-invasive prospection techniques, such as GPR, magnetometer or UAV, revealed the relevance of purple exploitation as one of the main activities and have made possible the documentation of more complex facilities associated with excavated structures and the extensive shell midden. Along with these, other buildings and shell middens have been found throughout the coast of this location. This study emphasised the first results of the 2019 and 2021 campaigns.

Three purple tea cultivar, Zifuxing 1, Zijuan, Hongye 1, and two green leaf cultivar Rougui and Fuding Dabaicha, as well as the albino tea cultivar, Baijiguan, were used as test materials to reveal the relationship between the accumulation of color-presenting substances and endogenous hormones in tea plants. The contents of major color-presenting substances, anthocyanin, chlorophyll, carotenoids and phytohormones (ABA, JA and SA) were determined in different tea cultivars. The results show that purple teas generally contained higher anthocyanin and ABA contents, which showed a highly significantly positive correlation. While ABA had a significantly negative correlation with chlorophyll and carotenoids. The correlation between ABA and anthocyanin changing patterns among different leaf positions of purple tea and the expression patterns of relative genes were also analyzed, which indicates that ABA might play a positive effect on anthocyanin synthesis in tea plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant genetic diversity is an emerging variation in a crop group caused by its genetic factors. Local corn germplasm as a source of plant genes that are able to adapt to the local environment. The purpose of this research is to obtain information on genetic variation of Tana Toraja local maize germ plasm using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) marker. This research was conducted at Balitsereal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Agency in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. A total of 4 local maize populations were analyzed by laboratory experimental method with observation with NTSYS pc 2.1 program. The results showed that the average number of alleles was 3.72 alleles per locus and the polymorphism rate of 0.53 with the genetic similarity coefficient was in the range of 0.47 to 0.85. 2 main clusters formed in the genetic similarity coefficient 0.47. Klaster I is Local DallePondan and Local Purple. Klaster II is Local Bebo and Kandora. The genetic distance is in the range of 0.15 to 0.74 with an average genetic distance of 0.46. From the data obtained shows that the 4th germplasm of the population of Tana Toraja Local maize diteleti has a very informative level of genetic diversity. Genetic diversity of local maize germplasm of Tana Toraja, can be used as a source of genes in the assembly of improved varieties in the future.

The archaeological research carried out in 2007 in the surroundings of the Archaeological Site of Carteia (San Roque, Cádiz) allowed documenting an important sector of the fishsalting neighborhood of the Roman city of Carteia, which has recently been integrated into a unit study aimed at evaluating the potential of the neighborhood fishing-canning of this civitas. The analysis of the malacological contexts recovered in this intervention and the review of those previously known, have allowed us to shed new data on the collection and consumption of molluscs in this industrial neighborhood, allowing us to get closer to the diet of the participants in this productive process, but also approaching the use of these malacological resources for their addition to the production of fish salted sauces, as well as for the realization of other elaborations such as the production of purple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics & Finance (2437-0630) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the reasons behind the use of the royal color of purple in the attire of villains in Disney animated films. Also cited are how purple became a classic symbol of royal power and prestige, how Americans developed a mistrust on royal power, and the tyrannical rule of British King George III that led to the American Revolution.

The article determines an analysis of the lexis, used to express color in Russian. To achieve this aim, the theoretical aspect as well as the collected files of the selected linguistic units serving as the research material were presented. The examples relate to all the meanings of ten colors: red, orange, yellow, green, light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, brown, and scarlet.

Background: Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) is a valuable horticultural crop with economic significance, and its purple fruit color is attributed to anthocyanin, a phytonutrient known for its health-promoting benefits. However, the mechanisms regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper have yet to be fully elucidated., Methods: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was utilized to analyze the transcriptome of fruits from three purple-fruited varieties (HN191, HN192, and HN005) and one green-fruited variety (EJT) at various developmental stages. To determine the relationships between samples, Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) and principal component analysis (PCA) were calculated. Differential expression analysis was performed using the DESeq2 package to identify genes that were expressed differently between two samples. Transcription factors (TF) were predicted using the iTAK program. Heatmaps of selected genes were generated using Tbtools software., Results: The unripe fruits of HN191, HN192, and HN005, at the stages of 10, 20, and 30 days after anthesis (DAA), display a purple color, whereas the unripe fruits of variety EJT remain green. To understand the molecular basis of this color difference, five transcriptome comparisons between green and purple fruits were conducted: HN191-10 vs EJT-10, HN191-20 vs EJT-20, HN191-30 vs EJT-30, HN192-30 vs EJT-30, and HN005-30 vs EJT-30. Through this analysis, 503 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these DEGs, eight structural genes related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and 24 transcription factors (TFs) were detected. Notably, one structural gene (MSTRG.12525) and three TFs (T459_25295, T459_06113, T459_26036) exhibited expression patterns that suggest they may be novel candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. These results provide new insights into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple pepper fruit and suggest potential candidate genes for future genetic improvement of pepper germplasm with enhanced anthocyanin accumulation., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2024 Tan et al.)

This case report describes a 4-year-old girl with food aversion who received three separate courses of cefdinir mixed with PediaSure®, an iron-fortified nutritional formula. The patient's stool turned red with variable onset during all three courses of treatment. Moreover, the PediaSure® formula turned purple after mixed with cefdinir, an interaction that has not been previously reported. We recommend that medication counseling for pediatric patients taking cefdinir include a mention of these possible discolorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nowadays, a splenectomy is a therapeutic option for hematologic diseases, especially those that do not respond to medical treatment. It is a minimally invasive surgery and has advantages such as less postoperative pain, rapid recovery, less blood loss and better cosmetic results. Laparoscopy has become the standard approach for patients undergoing a splenectomy. Case report: We present the case of a 34-year old male patient with idiopatic thrombocytopenic purpura. He was treated with steroid and danazol with a persistent thrombocytopenia. Due to the failure of the treatment, a laparoscopic splenectomy was performed without any complication. The extracted spleen measured 25 × 16 cm weighing 1.235 g. The surgical time was of 115 min and the transoperative loss of blood was of 800 cc. Conclusion: The laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and viable therapeutic option. Various studies have shown low conversion rates, less morbidity and a shorter hospital stay. Laparoscopic splenectomy is an effective therapy regardless of the size of the spleen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Annunciation scene which has a very important place in Christian painting both has canonical and apocryphal sources. The canonical gospels such as Luke, Matthew, John and Mark don't give detailed information about the scene. Contrary to canonical gospels the apocryphal ones have detailed information about the scene. The most important ones are Protoevangelium of James, Nativity of Mary, Arabic Infancy Tales, and Pseudo Matthew. Among these the Protoevangelium of James is the one which gives detailed information about the early life of Mary. The gospel was written in the second century and one of the precious firsthand sources for Christian painting iconography of Mary's Life scenes. One of these scenes is Annunciation... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present article is to reconsider the interpretation of the Greek word halourgos (ἁλουργός) and its relation to textiles and purple dye by reinvestigating its recordings in Greek epigraphy and the papyri, as well as comparative examples from Greek literary sources, in the period from the fourth century bc to the seventh century ad — thus combining the source material from ancient Greece and the Greek-speaking part of the Roman world. This will illustrate the wealth of information one can get from the exploration of one single word: not only on the significance and appearance of textiles and garments in the ancient world from Greece to Egypt, but also on the diversity of colours and the subtleties in their use and terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the discovery of glowing purple light in the upper atmosphere by citizen scientists. Topics mentioned include the visible structure which was undocumented in the scientific literature, the distiction from the aurora common types, and the proposal to identify the arc as a Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE).

To investigate the effects of temperature and hydration on the dynamics of purple membrane (PM), we measured the broadband complex dielectric spectra from 0.5 GHz to 2.3 THz using a vector network analyzer and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy from 233 to 293 K. In the lower temperature region down to 83 K, the complex dielectric spectra in the THz region were also obtained. The complex dielectric spectra were analyzed through curve fitting using several model functions. We found that the hydrated states of one relaxational mode, which was assigned as the coupled motion of water molecules with the PM surface, began to overlap with the THz region at approximately 230 K. On the other hand, the relaxational mode was not observed for the dehydrated state. On the basis of this result, we conclude that the protein-dynamical-transition-like behavior in the THz region is due to the onset of the overlap of the relaxational mode with the THz region. Temperature hysteresis was observed in the dielectric spectrum at 263 K when the hydration level was high. It is suggested that the hydration water behaves similarly to supercooled liquid at that temperature. The third hydration layer may be partly formed to observe such a phenomenon. We also found that the relaxation time is slower than that of a globular protein, lysozyme, and the microscopic environment in the vicinity of the PM surface is suggested to be more heterogeneous than lysozyme. It is proposed that the spectral overlap of the relaxational mode and the low-frequency vibrational mode is necessary for the large conformational change of protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of the purple dyes employed to colour purple codices is an intriguing task, as sampling is seldom permitted on these precious manuscripts and thus scientists should rely only on in situ analytical techniques. The availability of a small sample from the 6th century Codex Brixianus , conserved at Biblioteca Civica Queriniana (Brescia, Italy), allowed us to perform an in depth fluorimetric survey of the purple parchment of this artwork. Preliminary in situ fluorimetric measurements widened previous analyses on the same manuscript as they revealed the presence of both folium and orchil in some pages. In addition, emission fluorescence and luminescence lifetime measurements were performed on the sample from Codex Brixianus and on a set of reference parchments dyed with folium, orchil or a mixture of these two dyes. These measurements confirmed and narrowed the results obtained with in situ fluorimetry, thus opening the discussion about the unusual manufacturing technique of this peculiar purple codex. Moreover, they are relevant to face other possible situations in which the two dyes have been used together to obtain the purple colour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correct reference intervals are an important part of test results. As establishing own reference intervals is a very expensive task, the NORIP reference intervals are often transferred for use in Nordic laboratories. The NORIP reference interval on P-Albumin was here compared to current results for laboratories using the bromocresol purple (BCP) method for P-Albumin. External quality control reports were used to investigate the change in levels between the BCP and BCG methods on P-Albumin. An algorithm was built for extracting and isolating the laboratory’s healthy subject population. The algorithm was used to extract test results from the laboratory information system. Parametric and non-parametric statistical methods were used to evaluate the P-Albumin test result populations. The indirect method used here clearly shows that the NORIP reference intervals for P-Albumin are not fit for the current bromocresol purple methods. The method was also used to suggest new reference interval limits. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]