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En este artículo se exploran los diversos espacios alternativos que han venido surgiendo en Sevilla a lo largo de las dos últimas décadas. Con desigual trayectoria, y tomando como punto de partida la actividad de la Richard Chanin Foundation, se plantea una secuencia de espacios que han resultado claves para la puesta de largo de un considerable número de artistas, teniendo como punto en común no estar constituidos como galerías artísticas al uso, sino como lugares que podríamos vincular con actividades más ligadas a la gestión cultural.

El presente artículo muestra la relación del manuscrito de cantería de Xàtiva “Secretos de Arquitectura” con otras fuentes documentales. Este manuscrito, elaborado en el siglo xviii, pertenece a la tradición tratadística española, y consiste en una colección de trazas dibujadas con texto explicativo adjunto. No obstante, se ha detectado que parte de los textos y trazas dibujadas se corresponden con fuentes documentales anteriores y de procedencias diversas. Esto ha permitido establecer relaciones y determinar un contexto concreto de transferencia de conocimientos. No obstante, dentro del manuscrito, hay un caso particular en el que se ha conservado el texto adjunto, pero no así la traza dibujada. Este se titula “Capialzado del arco por una frente y por el otro capialzado”. Se ha detectado, por otro lado, que el texto adjunto conservado se corresponde en parte con una traza de capialzado propuesta por Vicente Tosca en su tratado. El artículo desgrana el texto de esta traza perdida, restituye gráficamente el trazado propuesto, y expone la problemática que esto supone, al tomar como referencia un caso que ya de por sí tiene ciertas incongruencias geométricas.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), a historically significant crop valued for its nutraceutical properties, has been poorly explored from a phytosanitary perspective. This study conducted a thorough examination of viruses affecting saffron samples from Spanish cultivars, using high-throughput sequencing alongside a systematic survey of transcriptomic datasets from Crocus sativus at the Sequence Read Archive. Our analysis unveiled a broad diversity and abundance, identifying 17 viruses across the 52 analyzed libraries, some of which were highly prevalent. This includes known saffron-infecting viruses and previously unreported ones. In addition, we discovered 7 novel viruses from the Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae, Potyviridae, Solemoviridae, and Geminiviridae families, with some present in libraries from various locations. These findings indicate that the saffron-associated virome is more complex than previously reported, emphasizing the potential of phytosanitary analysis to enhance saffron productivity.

Nowadays there is an urgent need for mitigating CO2 emissions through clean energy and the development of new carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies. Among others, the use of bifunctional ionic liquids (ILs) addressed simultaneously CO2 capture and conversion steps, having applied successfully to the propylene carbonate production case. In this work, a systematic evaluation of all representative cyclic carbonate literature was made, covering ethylene, propylene, butylene, hexylene, cyclohexene, and styrene cyclic carbonates, in order to guide the product role within the integrated CCU (ICCU) concept. The multiscale strategy combining molecular simulation (DFT -Density Functional Theory-, COSMO -COnductor-like Screening MOdel-), process simulation (COSMO/Aspen methodology), and life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to set up, simulate and evaluate the processes. ICCU configuration is the best approach when compared with sequential configuration for energy consumption analysis (reduction of 28, 28, 22, 11 and 6 %, respectively, for ethylene, propylene, butylene, hexylene, and cyclohexene cases) and CO2 emissions associated (reduction of 38, 40, 31 and 14 %, respectively, for ethylene, propylene, butylene, and hexylene cases). The main variable of the results is the boiling point of the cyclic carbonate since heavy products impose technical limitations and even discard ICCU alternative. The ICCU concept works since all cyclic carbonates’ reaction enthalpies are higher than that of the IL-CO2 one, which reduces heating requirements. Finally, energy demand can be slightly further reduced, partially recycling the cyclic carbonate to the capture unit.

BackgroundLimited attention has been given to oral health challenges faced by older Indigenous populations, especially in rural settings, where disparities exist. This study aims to assess oral health in a rural Mapuche community in southern Chile, utilizing geriatric technology support, and exploring the connection between geriatric health and oral well-being to fill a gap in this context.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 76 independent older adults from a rural Mapuche community who required dental care. Assessments were in a remote care setting gathering extensive data including comprehensive geriatric assessments, medical and dental conditions using a geriatric teledentistry platform (TEGO®). Statistical analysis involved descriptive analysis, logistic regression, and both multiple correspondence analysis and k-means cluster analysis.ResultsThe sample comprised individuals with limited formal education and a high degree of vulnerability. Geriatric assessments unveiled cognitive deterioration, frailty, depression risk, and multimorbidity. A distribution of the DMFT index, number of remaining teeth, number of occluding pairs, number of teeth with restorative needs and other relevant clinical findings was conducted based on sociodemographic, and medical-geriatric-dental characteristics, and additionally, a Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis of Dentition Variables in Relation to Geriatric Assessments was performed. The dental burden was substantial, with an average DMFT index of 25.96 (SD 4.38), high prevalence of non-functional dentition (89.3%), periodontal disease (83%), xerostomia (63.2%) and oral mucosal lesions (31.5%). Age, lower education, depression, daily medication number and sugary consumption frequency were associated with a decreased average number of teeth (p

Abstract Background Population ageing poses a challenge to improving the well-being of older adults, particularly in terms of oral health. Promoting self-efficacy in oral health behaviours is crucial for maintaining this population’s health and quality of life. The Oral Health Self-Efficacy Scale (OHSES) has been widely used to assess dental self-efficacy and is considered comprehensive and reliable. However, there is a need to validate OHSES for Spanish-speaking older adults. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the translated questionnaire for use in the older Chilean population. Methods A sample of 188 older adults, aged 60 years and above residing independently in the community, were recruited by accessing databases from the National Senior Citizen Service and various community organisations within the region of La Araucanía. The participants underwent comprehensive oral examinations and oral health interviews, focusing on variables such as OHSES, Oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-14Sp), assessment of remaining teeth, knowledge and attitudes toward oral health, and sociodemographic characteristics. The validity of the translated questionnaire was assessed through translation and cross-cultural adaptation, cognitive debriefing, and face and content validation. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated through measures of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), content validity (Content validity index), construct validity (factor analysis and Pearson correlation analysis), and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation). Results The Spanish version of OHSES demonstrated adequate face and content validity. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a two-factor scale with 7 items for a better fit. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.821) and acceptable test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.411). Correlations were found between the OHSES score, the number of remaining teeth, knowledge and attitudes towards oral health, and the OHIP-14Sp (p

The human diet is a factor for disease prevention and the extension of life expectancy. Loss of teeth can adversely affect chewing capacity, which can lead patients to modify their diet and subsequently result in a poor dietary intake. This work is conducted within the framework of an ongoing research project in the Dentistry School of Universidad de la Frontera aimed at designing a diet for patients with complete removable dental prostheses (CRDP). This study aimed to evaluate the hardness of foods in a diet designed for patients using CRDP, using texture profile analysis (TPA). TPA was used to measure the hardness of 43 foods, categorized into seven groups, dairy, animal protein, fruits, vegetables, cereals and grains, high-lipid foods, and vegetable protein, to understand their impact on masticatory performance in CRDP wearers. TPA consists of two compression cycles where the food sample is compressed until it reaches a pre-established deformation. The first force peak achieved in the first cycle is used as a measure of sample hardness. Significant differences in hardness were identified within each food group, indicating a wide spectrum of textural properties that could influence chewing behavior. These findings suggest that assessing food hardness can help tailor dietary recommendations to improve masticatory efficiency in patients with dental prostheses.

En Argentina, el exceso de peso aumentó continuamente desde el 2005 hasta el presente. Los factores con probada relación con el exceso de peso son socio-ambientales y genéticos. Entre estos últimos, el gen FTO es el más estudiado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre dos marcadores del gen FTO (rs9939609 y rs11075997) y variables socio-ambientales con el estado nutricional en una muestra de 155 personas de Puerto Madryn, Chubut. Se calcularon los índices de masa corporal (IMC) y de cintura talla (ICT), y se probaron modelos lineales múltiples para conocer la influencia de las variables genéticas y no genéticas sobre dichos índices antropométricos. El nivel educativo y la actividad física estuvieron asociados significativamente y de manera negativa con el estado nutricional. El alelo reportado en la literatura como de riesgo del marcador rs11075997 estuvo significativamente asociado con el aumento de los índices antropométricos bajo un modelo aditivo, en mayor medida con el ICT que con el IMC. Es necesario realizar trabajos a mayor escala, que permitan identificar la frecuencia de los marcadores genéticos de predisposición a obesidad aquí estudiados y su distribución en nuestro país.

AbstractAustralian providers of mental health services and support for young people include private and public allied health providers, government initiatives (eg, headspace), nongovernment organizations (eg, Kids Helpline), general practitioners (GPs), and the hospital system. Over 20 years of research has established that many young people prefer to seek mental health support online; however, clear client pathways within and between online and offline mental health services are currently lacking. The authors propose a Digital Mental Health Practice model of care for youth to assist with digital mental health service mapping. The proposed model offers accessible pathways for a client to engage with digital mental health services, provides clear navigation to access support for individual needs, and facilitates a seamless connection with offline mental health services using a transferable electronic health records system. This future-looking model also includes emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the metaverse, which must be accounted for as potential tools to be leveraged for digital therapies and support systems. The urgent need for a user-centered Digital Mental Health Practice model of care for youth in Australia is discussed, highlighting the shortcomings of traditional and existing online triage models evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the complex challenges that must be overcome, such as the integration of diverse mental health care providers and establishment of a robust electronic health records system. Potential benefits of such a model include reduced pressure on emergency rooms, improved identification of immediate needs, enhanced referral practices, and the establishment of a cost-efficient national digital mental health care model with global applicability. The authors conclude by stressing the consequences of inaction, warning that delays may lead to more complex challenges as new technologies emerge and exacerbate the long-term negative consequences of poor mental health management on the economic and biopsychosocial well-being of young Australians.

The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), contained within the mandibular canal (MC), is a structure prone to damage in clinical and surgical procedures on the mandible. This study aimed to analyze the MC morphology and its anatomical variants in a Chilean subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). In total, 342 images from patients with the following parameters were observed: 120 kV, 9 mA, field of view 12 × 9 MC, and voxel size 0.12 mm. The average length of the MC recorded a mean value of 70.493 ± 4.987 mm on the right side and 70.805 ± 5.177 mm on the left side. The location of the mental foramen (MF) was most frequently found between the mandibular first and second premolar. The greatest bone thickness was found at the level of the basilar border of the 2MPM. The root closest to the MC was distal from the mandibular second molar. The lowest thickness was in the lingual area at 1MM. The prevalence of the anterior loop (AL) (61.5%) and the retromolar canal (RC) (17.5%) showed no significant differences between men and women. The results obtained showed that the morphology of the MC in the Chilean subpopulation can vary.

Pese al auge actual de los desarrollos teóricos respecto de la prueba de los hechos en el derecho, constituye todavía una asignatura pendiente el reconstruir adecuadamente una lógica de la prueba. En el presente trabajo se presentarán algunas ideas preliminares para una reconstrucción semejante. Suponiendo ya cumplida la producción y valoración de ciertos elementos de prueba en un proceso, se explorarán cuáles resultarían candidatos adecuados para tomar como principios básicos de una lógica de la prueba, examinando las similitudes y diferencias del sistema resultante con otros sistemas de lógicas modales con los que guardan analogías, en particular la lógica alética, la lógica deóntica, la lógica epistémica y la lógica de la verdad.

The management of large point clouds obtained by LiDAR sensors is an important topic in recent years due to the widespread use of this technology in a wide variety of applications and the increasing volume of data captured. One of the main applications of LIDAR systems is the study of the temporal evolution of the real environment. In open environments, it is important to know the evolution of erosive processes or landscape transformation. In the context of civil engineering and urban environments, it is useful for monitoring urban dynamics and growth, and changes during the construction of buildings or infrastructure facilities. The main problem with change detection (CD) methods is erroneous detection due to precision errors or the use of different capture devices at different times. This work presents a method to compare large point clouds, based on the study of the local fractal dimension of point clouds at multiple scales. Our method is robust in the presence of environmental and sensor factors that produce abnormal results with other methods. Furthermore, it is more stable than others in cases where there is no significant displacement of points but there is a local alteration of the structure of the point cloud. Furthermore, the precision can be adapted to the complexity and density of the point cloud. Finally, our solution is faster than other CD methods such as distance-based methods and can run at O(1) under some conditions, which is important when working with large datasets. All these improvements make the proposed method more suitable than the others to solve complex problems with LiDAR data, such as storage, time series data management, visualization, etc.

Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica para comparar las técnicas de hilera simple y doble para los desgarros del manguito de los rotadores en términos de curación funcional, del dolor y estructural del tendón. Métodos: Para llevar a cabo la investigación se ha realizado una selección sistemática de artículos científicos consultando las bases de datos PubMed y The Cochrane Library. Los artículos incluidos en el presente estudio comparan las técnicas de una y dos hileras, con fecha de publicación entre 2016 y 2021. Resultados: Se observan diversos resultados en las escalas de valoración UCLA, SST, Constant y ASES y en el rango de movilidad, por lo que no se establece la superioridad de una técnica en cuanto a resultados funcionales. La técnica de doble hilera puede mostrar superioridad en la variable fuerza, aunque existe una variabilidad metodológica en su medición. La técnica de doble hilera puede estar relacionada con un dolor postoperatorio más intenso, mientras que la técnica de hilera simple con dolor residual en el hombro. Sin embargo, las variables fuerza y ​​dolor muestran datos no homogéneos o coincidentes. Se establece con resultados estadísticamente significativos, siendo los estudios más homogéneos y coincidentes, la superioridad de la reparación en doble hilera en la cicatrización estructural del tendón y una menor tasa de re-desgarro que la técnica de hilera simple.

La reivindicación de una Cataluña independiente se ha incrementado en los últimos años. Desde el “recorte” del Estatuto Catalán que provocó grandes manifestaciones al son de “Som una nació. Nosaltres decidim”, la Comunidad Autónoma de Cataluña (CCAA) ha buscado distintos mecanismos con el objetivo de lograr su independencia de España. En ese contexto, una de las dimensiones de mayor importancia ha sido la acción exterior. Ante esta situación, el presente artículo tiene como finalidad presentar parte de los resultados teóricos y prácticos generados a partir de la actuación internacional de la CCAA en el marco del proceso 2012-2020. La investigación se centra en responder si la actuación internacional de Cataluña en los últimos años puede comprenderse como ejemplo de paradiplomacia disruptiva, mayormente conocida como protodiplomacia. Se revisa aquí la actuación de las principales instituciones a cargo de la acción exterior, las políticas del Parlament y la Generalitat, así como se hace una revisión normativa de las atribuciones que le compete en la materia. La investigación es principalmente cualitativa y fundamentada a través de documentos oficiales, declaraciones políticas y fuentes bibliográficas.

Edentulism can generate negative impacts on self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, and oral functions. Removable prostheses are commonly used for tooth replacement, but they may cause discomfort due to micromovements during mastication. Objective and quantifiable methods are needed to evaluate these micromovements. A pilot study was conducted to determine the micromovements in removable prostheses during mastication using a 3D electromagnetic articulography (EMA-3D) system. One elderly participant wearing lower removable prostheses and an upper total well-fitting removable prosthesis was studied. The EMA-3D system was used to record movements in three spatial planes. Peanuts were given as test food, and the participant was instructed to chew normally while recordings were carried out until feeling the need to swallow. Analyses of the upper total prosthesis show micromovements ranging from 0.63 ± 0.11 to 1.02 ± 0.13 mm. During simultaneous analyses of the upper prosthesis and lower partial prosthesis, interference was not observed. This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of using the EMA-3D system to evaluate micromovements in removable prostheses during mastication. Further research is needed to evaluate a larger sample and assess the clinical implications of these micromovements.

Abstract Several aspects of past culture, including historical trends, are inferred from time-based patterns observed in archaeological artifacts belonging to different periods. The presence and variation of these objects provides important clues about the Neolithic revolution and given their relative abundance in most archaeological sites, ceramic potteries are significantly helpful in this purpose. Nonetheless, most available pottery is fragmented, leading to missing morphological information. Currently, the reassembly of fragmented objects from a collection of thousands of mixed fragments is a daunting and time-consuming task done almost exclusively by hand, which requires the physical manipulation of the fragments. To overcome the challenges of manual reconstruction and improve the quality of reconstructed samples, we present IberianGAN, a customized Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) tested on an extensive database with complete and fragmented references. We trained the model with 1072 samples corresponding to Iberian wheel-made pottery profiles belonging to archaeological sites located in the upper valley of the Guadalquivir River (Spain). Furthermore, we provide quantitative and qualitative assessments to measure the quality of the reconstructed samples, along with domain expert evaluation with archaeologists. The resulting framework is a possible way to facilitate pottery reconstruction from partial fragments of an original piece.

La Cartuja de Porta Coeli conserva un claustro gótico que, pese a sus reducidas dimensiones y aparente sencillez, destaca por su belleza compositiva y sofisticada manufactura de cantería. Es, además, una obra especialmente singular en el contexto de la arquitectura medieval valenciana. El carácter eremítico de la orden Cartujana alejada de todo contacto con el mundo exterior, ha mantenido prácticamente intacto hasta nuestros días este exquisito ejemplo arquitectónico donde conviven la tradición de la cantería con la albañilería estructural. El presente texto muestra los resultados del análisis gráfico y documental realizado, restituyendo por medio del levantamiento, las leyes compositivas y la traza como método gráfico de diseño. El artículo, pues, plantea un primer estudio sobre este espacio arquitectónico, situándolo en el contexto de la cantería valenciana, en el momento de los grandes maestros canteros, y, además, pretende realizar un acercamiento fundado al descubrimiento de su autoría.

Chewing is a complex procedure that involves sensory feedback and motor impulses controlled by the trigeminal system in the brainstem. The analysis of mandibular movement is a first approximation to understanding these mechanisms. Several recording methods have been tested to achieve this. Video, ultrasound, the use of external markers and kinesiographs are examples of recording systems used in research. Electromagnetic articulography is an alternative method to those previously mentioned. It consists of the use of electromagnetic fields and receiver coils. The receiver coils are placed on the points of interest and the 3D coordinates of movement are saved in binary files. In the Oral Physiology Laboratory of the Dental Sciences Research Center (Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas—CICO), in the Faculty of Dentistry at the Universidad de La Frontera (Temuco, Chile) several research studies have been carried out using the AG501 3D EMA articulograph (Carstens Medizinelektronik, Lenglern, Germany). With this device, they developed a series of protocols to record mandibular movement and obtain new information, such as the 3D Posselt polygon, the area of each polygon, individualized masticatory cycles and speed and acceleration profiles. Other investigations have analyzed these parameters, but separately. The AG501 allows for holistic analysis of all these data without altering natural movement. A limitation of this technology is the interference generated by its metallic elements. The aim of the present work is to show the developed methods used to record mandibular movement in the CICO, using the AG501 and compare them with others used in several research studies.

Abstract Theropod behaviour and biodynamics are intriguing questions that paleontology has been trying to resolve for a long time. The lack of extant groups with similar bipedalism has made it hard to answer some of the questions on the matter, yet theoretical biomechanical models have shed some light on the question of how fast theropods could run and what kind of movement they showed. The study of dinosaur tracks can help answer some of these questions due to the very nature of tracks as a product of the interaction of these animals with the environment. Two trackways belonging to fast-running theropods from the Lower Cretaceous Enciso Group of Igea (La Rioja) are presented here and compared with other fast-running theropod trackways published to date. The Lower Cretaceous Iberian fossil record and some features present in these footprints and trackways suggest a basal tetanuran, probably a carcharodontosaurid or spinosaurid, as a plausible trackmaker. Speed analysis shows that these trackways, with speed ranges of 6.5–10.3 and 8.8–12.4 ms−1, testify to some of the top speeds ever calculated for theropod tracks, shedding light on the question of dinosaur biodynamics and how these animals moved.

It is of high interests to develop new catalysts for selective CO2 electroreduction. Here the authors investigate two-dimensional transition metal carbides for CO2 to methane conversion with superior activity, selectivity and low overpotentials.

Abstract Self-perception of ethnicity is a complex social trait shaped by both, biological and non-biological factors. We developed a comprehensive analysis of ethnic self-perception (ESP) on a large sample of Latin American mestizos from five countries, differing in age, socio-economic and education context, external phenotypic attributes and genetic background. We measured the correlation of ESP against genomic ancestry, and the influence of physical appearance, socio-economic context, and education on the distortion observed between both. Here we show that genomic ancestry is correlated to aspects of physical appearance, which in turn affect the individual ethnic self-perceived ancestry. Also, we observe that, besides the significant correlation among genomic ancestry and ESP, specific physical or socio-economic attributes have a strong impact on self-perception. In addition, the distortion among ESP and genomic ancestry differs across age ranks/countries, probably suggesting the underlying effect of past public policies regarding identity. Our results indicate that individuals’ own ideas about its origins should be taken with caution, especially in aspects of modern life, including access to work, social policies, and public health key decisions such as drug administration, therapy design, and clinical trials, among others.

Hace unos meses recibimos la triste noticia del fallecimiento de Eugenio Bulygin (1931-2021). Entre muchas otras cosas, el profesor Bulygin es parte fundamental de la historia de esta revista. No solo por su vínculo con la Universidad Nacional del Sur, sino también por su estrecha colaboración y amistad con quienes fueron sus fundadores y directores. A modo de homenaje dedicaremos este espacio de la revista para recordarlo, en las palabras de quienes lo conocieron.

The squinches isa very versatile construction type in the field of stonework. It is defined in its most elementary case as the covering of a triangular area with a conical surface, but, nevertheless, there are an infinite number of variants increasing the complexity of the layout and its execution.The studied case in this paper is the development of the layout of the "square conical vault" (actually, a cantilevered vault), in the treatise on stonework by Tomás Vicente Tosca, published in 1727. This author's work reflectsthe tradition of the local area (which comes mainly from the brilliant episode of the 15th century in Valencia), but it is also part of the pre-illustrated cultural trends of the time. The traces that appear are the result of combining ancient graphic habits with the development, to a certain extent, already scientific, of geometry and mathematics.All this leads, in the case of the "conical-square vault", to the development of a fundamentally descriptive trace, result of a mentality that is more analytical than practical, but that does not manage to emancipate itself from the old building tradition, as this study makes evident, and also the detected graphic habits.The research is also based on other examples of a documentary nature, such as the cantilevered domes of Vandelvira, Philibert de l'Orme, Gelabert, and on a built example; the squinch of the palace of the Generalitat de Valencia.

This work presents a sustainable and rapid method for halogenated pesticide analysis without chromatographic separation. The system is composed of a microfluidic open interface (MOI) for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) liquid phase desorption, connected to a liquid electron ionization mass spectrometry interface (LEI-MS). Either a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QQQ-MS/MS, (low-resolution) or a quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem MS (QTOF-MS/MS, high-resolution) were employed, each operating in negative chemical ionization (NCI) conditions. The flow rate used (100 µL/min) to rapidly empty the MOI chamber (approximately 2.5 µL) is reduced to the working flow rate of the LEI interface (500 nL/min) by a passive flow splitter (PFS). NCI is an appropriate ionization technique for electrophilic compounds, increasing specificity and reducing background noise. Two halogenated pesticides, dicamba and tefluthrin, were extracted simultaneously from a commercial formulation matrix (CF) using a C18 fiber by direct immersion (3 min under vortex agitation). Analyte desorption occurred in static conditions inside MOI filled with acidified acetonitrile (ACN) (0.2% phosphoric acid, PA). Extraction and desorption steps were optimized to increase efficiency and accelerate the process. No chromatographic separation was involved; therefore, the system fully exploited MS/MS selectivity and HRMS accuracy demonstrating good linearity, repeatability and limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) in the pg/mL range (50 and 500 pg/mL, respectively). Low-resolution experiments showed that matrix effects (ME) did not affect the results. The fast workflow (5 min) makes the system suitable for high-throughput analysis observing the principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC).

Dentro del ideario de la cantería española, las escaleras representan uno de los tipos más codificados. En el ámbito del gótico meridional, aparecen hacia los siglos xii y xiii los primeros ejemplos de tramos, localizados en patios de casas nobles. Estas se sustentan en arcos, y entre los siglos xiv - xvi, se produce un complejo proceso evolutivo que desemboca, ya en el siglo xvi, en la escalera de caja (Fig. 1). El artículo plantea una reflexión sobre esta evolución, no tanto por cronología, sino por características arquitectónicas, constructivas, y especialmente por rasgos que definen una terminología singular en la documentación: Escaleras “capialzadas”, “engauchidas”, “encuentros en redondo”, etc. Términos que nos remiten a procesos de diseño y que van cambiando con el tiempo. En el artículo estos conceptos se sistematizan con tal de clarificar la confusión que suele producirse en este ámbito.

Surface collecting is the first and sometimes the only type of sampling carried out in many fossiliferous localities, including vertebrate microfossil assemblages. Nevertheless, it is rare to test how representative these surface-collected samples are of the palaeobiocoenosis. A first approach to the palaeontological analysis of Los Menires, a Barremian vertebrate microfossil assemblage, is here performed while testing the usefulness of the surface collection method. New fossil material obtained by surface collection is described, and the resulting data are compared with those obtained by screen-washing. The fossil assemblage of Los Menires is dominated by parautochthonous remains of freshwater aquatic and semiaquatic organisms—i.e., charophytes, ostracods, bivalves, gastropods, testudinatans, crocodylomorphs, lissamphibians, and osteichthyans—although parautochthonous remains of terrestrial vertebrates—i.e., dinosaurs, lacertilians, and mammaliforms—are also present. The accumulation of vertebrate hard parts in Los Menires took place in a low-energy, shallow-water, depositional environment within the alluvial-lacustrine system represented by the Mirambel Formation. Sampling test results indicate that surface collection is effective in recognizing the main fossil groups present in an assemblage. Yet, it is not suitable for capturing delicate and tiny fossils nor for recognizing the abundance of eggshells. In contrast, it can generate an overrepresentation of other hard components such as coprolites or ornithopod teeth.

En el presente texto se pretende profundizar sobre el origen del fenómeno de neo muralismo (o muralismo contemporáneo) en la ciudad de Sevilla. A partir de un salto desde la práctica del grafiti y el interés de diversas instituciones por barnizar este tipo de expresión ilegal hacia algo más accesible y decorativo para la ciudadanía, se van a desarrollar toda una serie de eventos que repasaremos en el periodo desde 2004 a 2010. A partir de la celebración del festival Urban Art Festival en el año 2004, se sucederían con distinto resultado diversas iniciativas en toda la segunda mitad de la primera década del presente milenio, con la característica común de fomentar intervenciones en espacios públicos de gran formato.

The mouth opening is an important indication of the functionality of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Mouth opening is usually evaluated by asking the patient to open their mouth as wide as possible and measuring the distance between the edges of the frontal incisors with a ruler or caliper. With the advancement of technology, new techniques have been proposed to record mandibular movement. The aim of this work is to present a novel technique based on 3D electromagnetic articulography and data postprocessing to analyze the mouth opening considering distances, trajectories, and angles. A maxilla-mandible phantom was used to simulate the mouth opening movement and fixed position mouth opening. This was recorded using the AG501 3D EMA (Carstens Medizinelektronik GmbH, Bovenden, Germany). The collected data was processed using Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA). Fix and mobile mouth opening of 1, 2, 3 and 4 cm were simulated. It was possible to evaluate the mandibular opening through the vertical distance, the Euclidean distance, the trajectory, and the opening angle. All these values were calculated and the results were consistent with expectations. The trajectory was the highest value obtained while the vertical distance was the lowest. The angle increased as the mouth opening increased. This new technique opens up new possibilities in future research since oral opening can be analyzed using multiple variables without the need to use different devices or depending on the researcher’s experience. This will make it possible to establish which parameter presents significant differences between groups of patients or between patients who have undergone some treatment.

Among the outstanding work of the ephemeral Royal Chalcographic Bureau (Calcografía Real) is a wonderful series of twelve engravings depicting exterior and interior views of the Monastery of El Escorial. The drawings used to make the plates were drawn by José Gómez de Navia and until recently these were thought to be lost. Nevertheless, ten of them bearing the signature of Gómez de Navia can be found in a private collection in Valencia, and this is the first time that they have been published and studied. In them, you can appreciate the finesse and the detailed precision and technique of the author, almost that of a miniaturist. The discovery has provided an opportunity to compare the original drawings and the engravings – particularly the series housed at the Biblioteca Nacional de España –, and review any changes implemented during the burin engraving. Additionally, it is an opportunity to highlight the significant role that the chalcographic series played in the evolution of the iconography of the Monastery.

Transcription factor (TF) networks are essential for the molecular identity of each cell type. Here, the authors show that TF Nanog utilises multiple molecular strategies to enhance embryonic stem cell self-renewal, which include regulation of chromatin accessibility in the presence of LIF or maintenance of H3K27me3 at developmental regulators in its absence.

Mesiodens are the most common supernumerary teeth and are detected incidentally during routine radiographic examination, so late diagnosis complications are very common. The dentist must make a timely diagnosis and thus avoid clinical complications. Despite advances in knowledge of dental morphogenesis and differentiation, the etiology of mesiodens remains unclear. Therefore, several theories have been postulated to explain how and why they develop. It was described in the literature that heredity could play an important role in the appearance of supernumerary teeth, with a higher rate of appearance in relatives of those affected. This article reports three cases, a mother and two children, who present mesiodens, which shows that supernumerary teeth may involve a genetic factor. In addition, a literature review was carried out to assess the importance of the genetic factor as a possible cause of mesiodens. The relevance and implications of timely diagnosis in clinical practice to avoid manifestations of clinical complications are discussed. Therefore, the identification of the genetic risk factors responsible for the formation of supernumerary teeth is essential for developing a screening tool to determine an individual’s genetic risk.

Osseointegration implies the coexistence of a biocompatible implant subjected to masticatory loads and living bone tissue adhered to its surface; this interaction is a critical process for the success of implants. The objective of this work is to analyze the osseoformation and osseointegration of a dental implant in operation for 5 years microscopically through morphological analysis of the surface and chemical composition through a variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VP-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). The chemical composition and general characteristics of the structural morphology of random areas of the surfaces of an osseointegrated dental implant from an ex vivo sample were analyzed. On the surface of the implant free of bone tissue, titanium (TI) was mainly identified in the area of the implant threads and carbon (C) in the depth of the implant threads. Phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), oxygen (O), carbon (C), with dense and homogeneous distribution, and, to a lesser extent, sodium (Na) were detected on the bone surface around the contour of the implant. Regarding the morphological characteristics of the implant surface, a rough structure with some irregularities and detachments of the implant lodged in the bone tissue was observed. Microscopic analysis showed calcified bone tissue distributed in an orderly manner on the coronal and medial surface and sinuous and irregular in the apical area, with the presence of red blood cells. The composition of the implant allows a dynamic process of bone remodeling and regeneration subject to the biological and mechanical needs of the operation. Dental implants are shown to have exceptional and long-lasting biocompatibility that enables the formation of mature peri-implant bone tissue.

La educación en ciencias biológicas juega un papel importante a la hora de entender los sistemas vivos y ecosistemas que nos rodea en contexto de una epidemia de tipo zoonótico como SARS-CoV-2 y cumple un papel importante para el autocuidado en pacientes con enfermedad renal que son una población en alto riesgo según datos epidemiológicos. El presente trabajo pretende describir la asociación entre la educación en ciencia biológica y la epidemia por COVID-19. La educación en ciencias biológicas es un componente importante supeditado al autocuidado para que muchos pacientes con enfermedad renal puedan entender la importancia de tener una mejor adherencia al régimen terapéutico y el régimen alimenticio, y en el caso puntual de la epidemia por COVID-19 puede permitir que ellostomen las medidas preventivas que eviten su exposición al patógeno.

Abstract Background Test bites have been recommended for collecting evidence of suspected dentition in bite mark analysis. However, these recommendations only suggest recording the interocclusal relationship without establishing number of records or characteristics to obtain proper records. This fails to consider not only the possibility that the recording material did not respond properly, but also that the evaluator has not detected simulations, habits or parafunctions that may affect the tests. Methods This research establishes differences between three wax test bites taken from the same subjects to determine if the first bite offered the best quality. Results No significant statistical association was found between the number of test bites recorded and respective quality. The interrater agreement produced almost perfect and substantial agreements. Conclusion There is no significant evidence that a first and only test bite is the highest quality test bite. Therefore, it is recommended to take more than a single bite test in controlled situations.

El auge de la Corona de Aragón en el siglo xv va a propiciar en la arquitectura notables progresos. El caso del maestro Francesc Baldomar (activo entre 1425- 1476) es probablemente el más destacado en Valencia, pues dirigirá las obras más significativas de la ciudad. En estas, además, demostrará su maestría y su avanzado control de la geometría aportando soluciones de gran complejidad, e incluso un nuevo tipo de bóveda.

With the increasing interest in dark matter axion detection through haloscopes, in which different international groups are currently involved, the RADES group was established in 2016 with the goal of developing very sensitive detection systems to be operated in dipole magnets. This review deals with the work developed by this collaboration during its first five years: from the first designs—based on the multi-cavity concept, aiming to increase the haloscope volume, and thereby improve sensitivity—to their evolution, data acquisition design, and finally, the first experimental run. Moreover, the envisaged work within RADES for both dipole and solenoid magnets in the short and medium term is also presented.

Reverse engineering applied to architectural restoration for the reconstruction of structural surfaces depends on metric precision. Sometimes there are elements on these surfaces whose value is even higher than the building itself. This is the case for many churches whose ceilings have pictorial works of art. Reconstruction requires the existence of some identifiable remainder and/or a surface geometry that enables mathematical development. In our case, the vault has an irregular hemispherical geometry (without possible mathematical development), and there are no significant remains of the painting (which was destroyed by a fire). Through the 3D modelling of the irregular vault and two historic frames with a camera of unknown geometry, an inverse methodology is designed to project the original painting without metric deformations. For this, a new methodology to locate the camera positions is developed. After, a 3D virtual mathematical model of the complete image on the vault is calculated, and from it, partial 3D virtual images are automatically calculated depending on the variable unknown positions of the video cannons (distributed along the upper corridor of the apse) that will project them (visually forming a perfect complete 3D image).

Abstract Background The Contextualized Health Research Synthesis Program (CHRSP), developed in 2007 by the Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Applied Health Research, produces contextualized knowledge syntheses for health-system decision makers. The program provides timely, relevant, and easy-to-understand scientific evidence; optimizes evidence uptake; and, most importantly, attunes research questions and evidence to the specific context in which knowledge users must apply the findings. Methods As an integrated knowledge translation (KT) method, CHRSP: Involves intensive partnerships with senior healthcare decision makers who propose priority research topics and participate on research teams; Considers local context both in framing the research question and in reporting the findings; Makes economical use of resources by utilizing a limited number of staff; Uses a combination of external and local experts; and Works quickly by synthesizing high-level systematic review evidence rather than primary studies. Although it was developed in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, the CHRSP methodology is adaptable to a variety of settings with distinctive features, such as those in rural, remote, and small-town locations. Results CHRSP has published 25 syntheses on priority topics chosen by the provincial healthcare system, including: Clinical and cost-effectiveness: telehealth, rural renal dialysis, point-of-care testing; Community-based health services: helping seniors age in place, supporting seniors with dementia, residential treatment centers for at-risk youth; Healthcare organization/service delivery: reducing acute-care length of stay, promoting flu vaccination among health workers, safe patient handling, age-friendly acute care; and Health promotion: diabetes prevention, promoting healthy dietary habits. These studies have been used by decision makers to inform local policy and practice decisions. Conclusions By asking the health system to identify its own priorities and to participate directly in the research process, CHRSP fully integrates KT among researchers and knowledge users in healthcare in Newfoundland and Labrador. This high level of decision-maker buy-in has resulted in a corresponding level of uptake. CHRSP studies have directly informed a number of policy and practice directions, including the design of youth residential treatment centers, a provincial policy on single-use medical devices, and most recently, the opening of the province’s first Acute Care for the Elderly hospital unit.

El trabajo se centra en analizar la expresión de los valores destacados de un proyecto arquitectónico a través de los dibujos esquemáticos. En ellos las reflexiones geométrica y visual son consustanciales, y por ello juegan un papel determinante en relación con la creatividad arquitectónica. Al respecto, se comentan algunos dibujos interesantes de arquitectos españoles contemporáneos.

In this issue of Stem Cell Reports, Hastreiter et al. (2018) use continuous time-lapse imaging of mouse embryonic stem cells to investigate how the inhibition of GSK3b and MEK/ERK (2i) leads to homogeneous expression of the transcription factor Nanog. They show that both induction of Nanog expression and selection against cells expressing low levels of Nanog contribute to the homogeneous appearance of 2i cultures. : In this issue of Stem Cell Reports, Hastreiter et al. (2018) use continuous time-lapse imaging of mouse embryonic stem cells to investigate how the inhibition of GSK3b and MEK/ERK (2i) leads to homogeneous expression of the transcription factor Nanog. They show that both induction of Nanog expression and selection against cells expressing low levels of Nanog contribute to the homogeneous appearance of 2i cultures.

The access of Transcription Factors (TFs) to their cognate DNA binding motifs requires a precise control over nucleosome positioning. This is especially important following DNA replication and during mitosis, both resulting in profound changes in nucleosome organization over TF binding regions. Using mouse Embryonic Stem (ES) cells, we show that the TF CTCF displaces nucleosomes from its binding site and locally organizes large and phased nucleosomal arrays, not only in interphase steady-state but also immediately after replication and during mitosis. Correlative analyses suggest this is associated with fast gene reactivation following replication and mitosis. While regions bound by other TFs (Oct4/Sox2), display major rearrangement, the post-replication and mitotic nucleosome positioning activity of CTCF is not unique: Esrrb binding regions are also characterized by persistent nucleosome positioning. Therefore, selected TFs such as CTCF and Esrrb act as resilient TFs governing the inheritance of nucleosome positioning at regulatory regions throughout the cell-cycle.

Automated, non invasive ear detection in images and video is becoming increasingly required in several contexts, including nonivasive biometric identification, biomedical analysis, forensics, and many others. In biometric recognition systems, fast and robust ear detection is a crucial step within the recognition pipeline. Existing approaches to ear detection are susceptible to fail in the presence of typical everyday situations that prevent a crisp imaging of the ears, like partial occlusions, ear accessories, or uncontrolled camera and illumination conditions. Even more, most of the proposed solutions work efficiently only within a previously detected rectangular region of interest, which limits their applicability and lowers the accuracy of the overall detection. In this paper we evaluate the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) together with Geometric Morphometrics (GM) for automatic ear detection in the presence of partial occlusions, and a Convex Hull algorithm for the ear area segmentation. A CNN was trained with a set of ear images landmarked by experts using GM to achieve high consistency. After training, the CNN is able to detect ears over profile faces, even in the presence of partial occlusions. We analyze the performance of the proposed ear detection and segmentation method over partially occluded ear images using the CVL Dataset

The aim of this study was to identity in silico the relationships among microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes encoding transcription factors, ubiquitylation, DNA methylation, and histone modifications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To identify miRNA dysregulation in SLE, we used miR2Disease and PhenomiR for information about miRNAs exhibiting differential regulation in disease and other biological processes, and HMDD for information about experimentally supported human miRNA-disease association data from genetics, epigenetics, circulating miRNAs, and miRNA-target interactions. This information was incorporated into the miRNA analysis. High-throughput sequencing revealed circulating miRNAs associated with kidney damage in patients with SLE. As the main finding of our in silico analysis of miRNAs differentially expressed in SLE and their interactions with disease-susceptibility genes, post-translational modifications, and transcription factors; we highlight 226 miRNAs associated with genes and processes. Moreover, we highlight that alterations of miRNAs such as hsa-miR-30a-5p, hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-142-5p, and hsa-miR-324-3p are most commonly associated with post-translational modifications. In addition, altered miRNAs that are most frequently associated with susceptibility-related genes are hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-374a-5p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-31-5p, and hsa-miR-1-3p.

Current point cloud extraction methods based on photogrammetry generate large amounts of spurious detections that hamper useful 3D mesh reconstructions or, even worse, the possibility of adequate measurements. Moreover, noise removal methods for point clouds are complex, slow and incapable to cope with semantic noise. In this work, we present body2vec, a model-based body segmentation tool that uses a specifically trained Neural Network architecture. Body2vec is capable to perform human body point cloud reconstruction from videos taken on hand-held devices (smartphones or tablets), achieving high quality anthropometric measurements. The main contribution of the proposed workflow is to perform a background removal step, thus avoiding the spurious points generation that is usual in photogrammetric reconstruction. A group of 60 persons were taped with a smartphone, and the corresponding point clouds were obtained automatically with standard photogrammetric methods. We used as a 3D silver standard the clean meshes obtained at the same time with LiDAR sensors post-processed and noise-filtered by expert anthropological biologists. Finally, we used as gold standard anthropometric measurements of the waist and hip of the same people, taken by expert anthropometrists. Applying our method to the raw videos significantly enhanced the quality of the results of the point cloud as compared with the LiDAR-based mesh, and of the anthropometric measurements as compared with the actual hip and waist perimeter measured by the anthropometrists. In both contexts, the resulting quality of body2vec is equivalent to the LiDAR reconstruction.

Depredation by the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) is currently thought to be a problem in some areas of Spain. However, there are few technically validated forensic tools available to determine the veracity of claims with a high degree of scientific confidence, which is important given that such attacks may lead to compensation. The analysis of bite marks on attacked animals could provide scientific evidence to help identify the offender. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the morphological and morphometric characteristics of Iberian wolf dentition. This data collection would serve as a base-point for a more accurate identification of the wolves thorough their bite marks. For the first time, 36 dental variables have been studied in wolves’ skulls, employing univariate and multivariate analyses. The general morphological dental characteristics of wolves are very similar in terms of their dental formula and tooth structure to other canids, like domestic dogs. Sex differentiation was evident, principally in terms of the maxillary distance between the palatal surfaces of the canine teeth (UbC) and the width of the left mandibular canine teeth (LlCWd). New morphometric reference information was obtained that can aid the forensic identification of bite marks caused by the Iberian wolf with greater confidence.

Nowadays the aliphatic/aromatic separation by liquid-liquid extraction using ionic liquids (ILs) is an interesting topic in the search of a new class of separation processes for the oil industry. The wide majority of papers published until now has focused in maximizing the IL extractive properties as can be found in a recent review by Canales and Brennecke (2016); in addition, in the recent past, this search was also oriented to find a commitment election between IL extractive and physical properties, with especial focus on reducing the viscosity to limit its impact on mass transfer and pumping (Larriba et al., 2013a). However, the challenge in the development of this new liquid-liquid extraction technology based on ILs is the selective recovery of aromatics from the solvent. Although IL non-volatile character is suggested as a clear advantage for separation purposes, this is truly a limitation in the vapor-liquid separation as was reported in last papers dealing with the vapor-liquid equilibria involving aliphatics, aromatics, and ILs due to the pretty low equilibrium pressures (Navarro et al., 2015). In addition, the thermal stability of ILs is another drawback since scarce species could be used at industrial scale over 473 K (Navarro et al., 2013). Finally, extracted aromatics have not commercial purity and further purification is mandatory before the aromatic/IL separation (Larriba et al., 2013a). In this work, the simulation of three different recovery sections based on vapor-liquid separations was performed to give some remarks that can help to design distillation processes involving large amounts of ionic liquids. Seven ionic liquids among the most promising species proved so far were selected to completely cover the transferability between liquid-liquid and vapor-liquid equilibria (LLE and VLE, respectively). Aspen Plus commercial simulator was used implementing the Non-Random Two Liquids (NRTL) models from the experimental data regressions for the corresponding n-heptane + toluene + ionic liquid ternary systems. Aromatic recoveries and purities for three different process configurations were analysed in order to stablish the impact of the ionic liquid extractive and thermal properties on the design of a suitable recovery section from an industrial point of view.

Estudios previos han demostrado que las poliaminas obtenidas principalmente de la dieta y de fuente bacteriana del tracto digestivo, intervienen en el desarrollo y maduración del trofismo del epitelio intestinal, tanto en animales como en neonatos. Dichas poliaminas podrían ejercer un papel importante en la fisiología de las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales, además de ser útiles como posibles marcados diagnósticos. Nuestros objetivos fueron, determinar los valores de aminas biógenas tanto en sangre como en cultivos de bacterias entéricas de pacientes con enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales y estudiar el efecto de éstas sobre la motilidad intestinal. Para ello, obtuvimos muestras tanto de sangre como de heces de 20 pacientes y de 31 casos control para procesar y medir las aminas biógenas en el HPLC. Además realizamos 12 preparaciones de órganos aislados de íleon y colon de ratón para poder estudiar la motilidad intestinal. Los resultados muestran diferencias tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas de las aminas biógenas de células sanguíneas, heces y/o fuente de bacterias entéricas entre el grupo control y las patologías intestinales, con diferentes correlaciones para la enfermedad de Crohn y colitis ulcerosa, y entre marcadores diagnósticos. Cuyas conclusiones nos sugieren que la microbiota intestinal en estas enfermedades parece ser dispar. Además las aminas biógenas podrían modular la motilidad intestinal, tanto en íleon como en colon.