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6. Enhancing with glass-fibre hybridization the interlaminar fracture toughness of water-aged flax/epoxy composites

Author

Saidane, El Hadi, Scida, Daniel, Pac, Marie-Jose, Rezak, Ayad, and SCIDA, Daniel

Subjects
hybrid woven composites, water ageing, interlaminar fracture toughness, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Flax fibre
Abstract

The benefits of using materials from renewable resources are now well established. Plant fibre composites in particular are increasingly common in various industrial sectors, due to their attractive characteristics (specific strength and modulus, availability, cost) [1]. However, their development may be limited due to their high sensitivity to the moisture absorption. In addition, the low interfacial properties between hydrophilic reinforcement and hydrophobic matrix can result in delamination and thus lowering the mechanical properties. Although numerous works have studied the effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of natural fibre composites, the study of their interlaminar properties in a wet environment remains limited [2]. It is within this context that Flax, Glass and Hybrid flax-glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy (referenced by FFRE, GFRE and HFRE) laminates were investigated. Three twill weave fabric laminates were manufactured by a compression moulding process and subjected to ageing by immersion in 20°C water until saturation. Double cantilever beam test was performed to evaluate the mode I critical energy release rate as well as the corresponding resistance curve. Table 1 summarises the initiation fracture toughness GIc of the composites. For unaged composites, the results highlight that more energy is needed for the initiation of the cracks for FFRE, compared with HFRE and GFRE. After the water ageing, the drop of GIc is severe for the FFRE by about 60%. With the replacement of half flax layers with glass layers, the drop in HFRE become very lower (4% compared to its non-aged corresponding, 16% compared to unaged 100% flax). The reached value is comparable to the unaged 100% glass composite.

Published
2021

9. Synthesis and characterization of multilayered coatings in the Ti-Al-N system by a reactive gas pulsing process

Author

El Mouatassim, Ahmed, Pac, Marie-Jose, Henry, P, Rousselot, C, Tromas, C., Pailloux, F, Cabioc’h, Thierry, Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles (LPMT), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), and ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers

Subjects
[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Published
2018

10. Effect of period on properties of Ti0.54Al0.46/Ti0.54Al0.46N multilayer coatings deposited by reactive gas pulsing process

Author

Pac, Marie-Jose, Giljean, Sylvain, Pinot, Y, Rousselot, C, Delobelle, P, Tuilier, Marie-Helene, Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles (LPMT), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), and univOAK, Archive ouverte

Subjects
[SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Published
2017

11. Characterisation by indentation of glass / polyester composites: effect of the resin polymerisation process

Author

Giljean, Sylvain, Pac, Marie-Jose, Marsiquet, Cyril, Hasiaoui, Miss Basma, Ibrahim, Ahmad, L'Hostis, Gildas, Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles (LPMT), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-ENSITM-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingénierie Macromoléculaires (LPIM), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), and univOAK, Archive ouverte

Subjects
indentation, [CHIM.POLY] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, hardness, creep, photopolymerised composite
Abstract

http://euromat2017.fems.eu/programme/final-scientific-program/; For several years, the use of photochemical resins to produce composites has encountered problems related to the manufacturing process. It is clear that the UV rays could be dangerous, but the difficulty of controlling the flux, and its penetration within the composite, make impossible to keep the percentage of polymerised resin under control. Recently, some advanced technologies using robot-based deposition systems and the introduction of LED lamps have put again this technology forward. It is well known that the progress of the resin polymerization have a strong influence on the mechanical behavior. The purpose of this work is to present and compare the mechanical properties of unidirectional glass / polyester composites. Two different processes: conventional thermal polymerization and photochemical polymerization were used to polymerize the polyester resin. The surface mechanical properties were studied by micro-indentation carried out with a Berkovich indenter under a maximum load of 500 mN. The speed of charge and discharge and the time during that the maximum load remains constant was chosen to analyze the creep behavior of the material. The indentation hardness HIT is not sufficient to discriminate the samples. Elasticity and viscoelasticity properties are necessary to compare the differen composites. For the composites elaborated by thermal polymerization, a post curing step improves the hardness and decreases the creep. For photo cured composites, a long step of vacuum allows a better fiber impregnation by the resin. As a consequence, the hardness and stiffness of the structure are enhanced. Finally, this work shows that photopolymerised composites exhibit better mechanical properties compared to conventional one obtained by thermal process. The differences in hardness and indentation modulus are quantified and related to the elaboration process

Published
2017

12. Influence du mode de polymérisation de composites verre/polyester sur leur comportement mécanique

Author

Giljean, Sylvain, Pac, Marie-Jose, Marsiquet, Cyril, Hasiaoui, B., Ibrahim, Ahmad, L'Hostis, Gildas, Association Française de Mécanique, Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles (LPMT), ENSITM-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingénierie Macromoléculaires (LPIM), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Association Française de Mécanique (AFM), Service irevues, irevues, univOAK, Archive ouverte, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-ENSITM-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE)

Subjects
dureté, [CHIM.POLY] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, indentation, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], composite photopolymérisable, fluage, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], [PHYS.MECA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], [SPI.MECA.MEMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the mechanical properties of unidirectional glass / polyester composites manufactured by two different processes: a conventional thermal polymerization and a photochemical process. The mechanical surface properties were studied by micro-indentation in order to observe the influence of the elaboration conditions on the response of the composite to penetration. It was demonstrated that the indentation hardness HIT and the degree of conversion are not sufficient to discriminate the samples. The elasticity and creep properties are also necessary to understand the behavior of the various composites. The photochemical resin improves the mechanical properties of the composite., L’objet de cette communication est d’analyser les propriétés mécaniques de composites unidirectionnels verre/polyester obtenus par deux procédés différents de polymérisation : un procédé conventionnel thermique et un procédé photochimique. Les propriétés mécaniques de surface ont été étudiées par micro-indentation afin d’observer l’influence des conditions d’élaboration sur la réponse du composite à une pénétration. Il apparait que la dureté d’indentation HIT et le taux de conversion de la résine ne sont pas suffisants pour discriminer les échantillons. Les propriétés d’élasticité et de fluage sont également nécessaires pour comparer et comprendre le comportement des différents composites. Le procédé de photopolymérisation de la résine améliore les propriétés mécaniques du composite ainsi élaboré.

Published
2017

15. Influence of properties at micro- and meso-scopic levels on macroscopic level for weft knitted fabrics

Author

Bueno, Marie-Ange, Renner, Marc, Pac, Marie-Jose, Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles - LPMT - UR4365 (LPMT), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and univOAK, Archive ouverte

Subjects
[SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], [SPI.MECA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Knitted fabrics and particularly weft knitted fabrics are used as composite material reinforcements due to their ability to be draped and to give three-dimensional shape by molding or by knitting. This paper presents the strong connection of all the scales of the knitted fabric (fiber, yarn and fabric) on the final knitted fabrics and its mechanical and physical properties. For this purpose, only one polymer material is used, made of two different fibers in terms of length and fineness. These fibers are used to make different yarns with two structures then three plain-weft-knitted-fabrics are considered in terms of the loop length. The fibers have not the same bending rigidity because fiber cross-section areas are different. This has an influence on the three-dimensional loop shape and on the roughness, thickness and real area of contact of fabrics. This phenomenon is the same with the two yarn structures. The results presented here bring into light that the loop length does not influence the fabric thickness.

Published
2002
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