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Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a forming technique in which a sheet is subjected to gradual deformation to generate the final component using a numerically controlled round/hemispherical tool. Unlike traditional sheet forming, ISF may be done without a die, and the method is known as single-point incremental forming (SPIF). SPIF is superior to conventional sheet forming because it eliminates the need for dies, reduces tooling costs, and is appropriate for producing prototypes and batch manufacturing of automotive components. SPIF has emerged as a feasible method for creating various tailored components for specialized applications in the automobile and biomedical sectors, such as vehicle body parts, dental implants, and knee implants. Nonetheless, ISF is a time-consuming operation. As a result, obtaining great dimensional accuracy in final products is difficult. Some of the identified factors causing inaccuracy in final component geometry include sheet spring back, tool deflections, and rigid body displacements. Accurate prediction of sheet thickness, tool-sheet contact area, and forming forces is required to achieve desired dimensional precision. The current study focuses on analytical models used to predict forming forces in ISF. First, generalized analytical methods that predict forming force based on tensile strength data are explored. Following that, a review of analytical force models taking into account various process characteristics is offered. Force models based on key deformation modes such as shear, bending, and stretching are also summarized [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stents are used in Angio-plasticity (to make the blood flow through it, as an alternative for veins). Reason for choosing material to be shape memory alloy (SMA) is that It should be flexible and resilient. Along with it, it should expand on heating and contract on cooling. A study like this will help to understand more about the behavior of the stent and provide designers with valuable information on how to improve the quality of the stent for different biological loading conditions using FEA. Research and development of new products in biomaterial can be made more cost-effective by implementing this technology. This paper with the help of this FE analysis, two cardiovascular stents made of Aluminum and Nitinol alloy have been thoroughly examined. Comparative results are validated for the different shape memory alloy (SMA) material to know their nonlinear behavior during excessive blood pressure conditions. The outcome of this paper is to determine the FOS and which material is reliable amongst the material. The total deformation of aluminum alloy obtained from the FEA analysis was 1.9174 mm, this total deformation value is greater than the nitinol material. Hence from the analysis its concluded that the nitinol is better than the aluminum alloy when designing a cardiovascular self-expanding stent with more life, less deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research work is to identify the orientation on the tensile and the fiber loading effect and the impact strength of the composite materials. Glass fibers have found a lot applications in the marine engineering sectors, industrial, automobile and others primarily due to the light weight properties of glass fiber and inexpensive. One main approach that fulfils the aim is the use of reinforcing glass fibers as fillers into typically resin polymers, dental materials, in order to obtain glass fiber of reinforced composite. Glass fiber composites are also developing for orthopedic posts as ideal fillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]