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The enhancement of near IR ECL from Au nanoclusters by the commonly used good's buffer 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-Piperazineethanesulfonic Acid (HEPES) as coreactants is presented. Lipoic acid (LA) stabilized Au 22 nanocluster is used based on its high quantum efficiency of near IR photoluminescence, also in reference to the EDTA enhancement and metal ion responses previously reported. Metal ions are demonstrated to be effective in modulating ECL signal. Specifically, zinc ion is found to drastically enhance the AuNC-HEPES ECL while magnesium and calcium ions lower the ECL intensity. Differentiation of different metal ions or sensing specificity can be better achieved by both intensity and kinetics analysis. The enhancement in ECL by zinc ions is attributed to the direct coordinate interactions with ligand monolayer in the presence of HEPES and confirmed by similar enhancement in the near IR photoluminescence. The ECL profiles are sensitive to pH and display optimal responses at physiological pH which makes HEPES better suited over EDTA for the corresponding applications. The design is translational to other ions and other amine-based good's buffers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is detected from dithiolate Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) in aqueous solution under ambient conditions. A novel mechanism to drastically enhance the ECL is established by covalent attachment of coreactants N,Ndiethylethylenediamine (DEDA) onto lipoic acid stabilized Au (Au-LA) clusters with matching redox activities. The materials design reduces the complication of mass transport between the reactants during the lifetime of radical intermediates involved in conventional ECL generation pathway. The intracluster reactions are highly advantageous for applications by eliminating additional and high excess coreactants otherwise needed. The enhanced ECL efficiency also benefits uniquely from the multiple energy states per Au cluster and multiple DEDA ligands in the monolayer. Potential step and sweeping experiments reveal an onset potential of 0.78 V for oxidative-reduction ECL generation. Multifolds higher efficiency is found for the Au clusters alone in reference to the standard Rubpy with high excess TPrA. The ECL in near-IR region (beyond 700 nm) is highly advantageous with drastically reduced interference signals over visible ones. The features of ECL intensity responsive to electrode potential and solution pH under ambient conditions make Au-LA-DEDA clusters promising ECL reagents for broad applications. The strategy to attach coreactants on Au clusters is generalizable for other nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from molecular to plasmonic behaviour in metal nanoparticles with increasing size remains a central question in nanoscience. We report that the giant 246-gold-atom nanocluster (2.2 nm in gold core diameter) protected by 80 thiolate ligands is surprisingly non-metallic based on UV/Vis and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy as well as electrochemical measurements. Specifically, the Au246 nanocluster exhibits multiple excitonic peaks in transient absorption spectra and electron dynamics independent of the pump power, which are in contrast to the behaviour of metallic gold nanoparticles. Moreover, a prominent oscillatory feature with frequency of 0.5 THz can be observed in almost all the probe wavelengths. The phase and amplitude analysis of the oscillation suggests that it arises from the wavepacket motion on the ground state potential energy surface, which also indicates the presence of a small band-gap and thus non-metallic or molecular-like behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from molecular to plasmonic behaviour in metal nanoparticles with increasing size remains a central question in nanoscience. We report that the giant 246-gold-atom nanocluster (2.2 nm in gold core diameter) protected by 80 thiolate ligands is surprisingly non-metallic based on UV/Vis and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy as well as electrochemical measurements. Specifically, the Au246 nanocluster exhibits multiple excitonic peaks in transient absorption spectra and electron dynamics independent of the pump power, which are in contrast to the behaviour of metallic gold nanoparticles. Moreover, a prominent oscillatory feature with frequency of 0.5 THz can be observed in almost all the probe wavelengths. The phase and amplitude analysis of the oscillation suggests that it arises from the wavepacket motion on the ground state potential energy surface, which also indicates the presence of a small band-gap and thus non-metallic or molecular-like behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]