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The high pathogenic activity of Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) strains against various insect orders has positioned it as the most effective, environmentally safe, and sustainable approach to integrated insect management. We aimed to identify Bt strains capable of effectively controlling the housefly Musca domestica , a species of significant medical, veterinary, and public health concern. Twelve Bt strains from Macapá, Brazil, were tested against housefly larvae. PCR was employed to detect genes encoding Cry and Cyt proteins and Vips. Six strains exhibited 70 to 100% larval mortality, with five containing cry genes, none harboring cyt genes, and four carrying vip genes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the production of crystal inclusions with distinct morphologies: spherical (TR4J, SOL5DM, SOL6RN), cuboidal and bipyramidal (TRO1TN and TRO2MQ), and spherical and bipyramidal (UNI2MA). The potential presence of genes from the cry1 , cry2 , vip1 , and vip3 families suggests that these strains also exhibit bioinsecticidal activity against other muscoid flies and insect pests across various orders. This study underscores the bioactive potential of these Brazilian Bt strains for developing new bioinsecticides.

In this study, we investigated psychometric support for a version of the Multidimensional Assessment of Teamwork in Sport (MATS) that would be suitable for Brazilian athletes. Four translators participated in the back-translation of this instrument from English to Portuguese, two specialists synthesized the Portuguese and English back-translation versions, and 10 experts assessed the questionnaire items and judged their content validity. To evaluate structural validity, we performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We evaluated internal item reliability with a sample of 447 athletes who completed the adapted measure (the MATS-B). Finally, 202 other athletes completed both the MATS-B and a second measure of collective efficacy (CEQS-B) to provide external validity correlates. With these data, the MATS-B now provides valid and reliable data supporting its use with Brazilian athletes in an adapted assessment tool that aligns with the conceptual framework of teamwork in sports., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

In sports context, the motivational climate has been widely studied since 2000, when the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sports Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) was published. Evaluating athletes' perceptions of the motivational climate created by the coach, this questionnaire has been validated and adapted for different countries, including Brazil. However, important psychometric properties of the Brazilian version present problems, such as poor fit indices and the almost exclusively male samples, make it unfeasible for use in future research. Thus, this study aimed to achieve a new process of cross-cultural adaptation, and search for validity evidence of the PMCSQ-2 for the Brazilian sports context to correct distortions, expand the sources of evidence of validity and ecological validity, and make it suitable for application in future research. The sample consisted of 501 athletes (349 males, 152 females) from different sports. The findings of the current study support the multidimensional hierarchical characteristic of the instrument, its factorial structure, and internal consistency. We concluded that the 33-item PMCSQ-2BR, distributed in two high-order scales (ego-involving and task-involving) with three subscales each, can be used to assess athletes' perceived motivational climate in the Brazilian sports context., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

This three-part study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (CEQS) for Brazilian athletes. In Study 1, six translators and six specialists developed a Portuguese version of the CEQS (the CEQS-B), and 10 experts and 10 sports participants provided content validity evidence based on test content. In Study 2, 553 athletes completed the CEQS-B, and we provided evidence of construct and convergent validity for the test's internal structure through factor analysis and of reliability evidence based on the instrument's internal consistency and temporal stability. In Study 3, 79 athletes completed both the new CEQS-B and the Group Cohesion Questionnaire, and we provided evidence of concurrent validity for the CEQS-B, based on its relationship to other variables, with specific strong correlations between team task cohesion and collective efficacy among these participants. Overall, the results of this study support the use of the CEQS-B by researchers and professionals wishing to assess various sport athletes' self-perceived collective efficacy.

Collective efficacy, defined as a group's shared belief about its conjoint capability to organize and execute courses of action, plays a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics of sports teams, since it influences what individuals choose to do as team members, how much they invest in motivational terms to perform actions, how much they work collectively, and for how long they persist despite failure. Through a systematic review, it was investigated how collective efficacy has been assessed in the context of soccer and which indicators, attributes, and psychometric properties have been contemplated in the instruments used. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 22 articles were retrieved through electronic databases (APA PsycINFO; SPORTDiscus; Science Direct; BVS; Web of Science; Scopus; PubMed; and Scielo), using as descriptors, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, collective efficacy and soccer, combined by the Boolean operators AND and OR. The study did not delimit the initial year of publication for the searches carried out, including all articles found until January 14, 2021 (date of the last update). The following eligibility criteria were adopted: scientific articles published in journals; original studies, which specified the instrument used to assess collective efficacy and carried out with soccer athletes. Five instruments (FCEQ, CEQS, CEI, CEC, and CEQsoccer) that evaluated technical-tactical and psychological attributes associated with collective efficacy in soccer players were identified. In most studies, psychometric properties were restricted to content validity and reliability (internal consistency), and there were no suitable validation processes for the instruments used to measure collective efficacy, which can be considered a limiting factor for understanding this psychological construct in soccer modality.

Purposes: To compare vital signs, facial expression and basal electroneurographic signs with measures during stimuli music, message or "silence" in coma patients, vegetative status or sedated; and relating the score of Glasgow Results Scale with the intervention realized., Method: A Monoblind Transversal Controlled Clinical Trial to researcher. The distribution, among the three groups, was randomized (experiment with music, experiment with message or control). Two assessments (sessions) were performed with interval of 40 minutes on the same day., Results: Most of the 76 patients were male, between 18 to 36 years old and hospitalized due to trauma. Statistically significant changes were found in the variables referred to temperature, facial expression, electroneurography and Glasgow Results Scale; more frequent alterations in second session, in coma and vegetative patients, in frontal muscles and in experiment group., Conclusions: The facial expression and the electroneurography seem to be more trustworthy variables than vital signs to evaluate consciousness.

Objective: To evaluated the efficacy of auriculotherapy for improving quality of life and reducing stress in nursing staff., Method: Single-blind radomizad clinical trail envolving 175 subjects randomized in: Control (G1), Protocol Group (G2) and without Protocol Group (G3). They were evaluated by the Stress Symptoms List and SF36v2 at baseline, after 12 sessions and follow up (30 days), between January and July 2012., Results: Both intervention groups reduced stress (p <0.05) with greater effect for G3 (d = 1.15). G3 was also higher for improving life quality especially the physical domain (p = 0.05)., Conclusion: Individualized auriculotherapy (G3) had greater effect compared to the protocol auriculotherapy (G2) for reducing stress and improving life quality.

The main feature of pulmonary emphysema is airflow obstruction resulting from the destruction of the alveolar walls distal to the terminal bronchioles. Existing clinical approaches have improved and extended the quality of life of emphysema patients. However, no treatment currently exists that can change the disease course and cure the patient. The different therapeutic approaches that are available aim to increase survival and/or enhance the quality of life of emphysema patients. In this context, cell therapy is a promising therapeutic approach with great potential for degenerative pulmonary diseases. In this protocol proposition, all patients will be submitted to laboratory tests, such as evaluation of heart and lung function and routine examinations. Stem cells will be harvested by means of 10 punctures on each anterior iliac crest, collecting a total volume of 200mL bone marrow. After preparation, separation, counting and labeling (optional) of the mononuclear cells, the patients will receive an intravenous infusion from the pool of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMC). This article proposes a rational and safe clinical cellular therapy protocol which has the potential for developing new projects and can serve as a methodological reference for formulating clinical application protocols related to the use of cellular therapy in COPD. This study protocol was submitted and approved by the Brazilian National Committee of Ethics in Research (CONEP - Brazil) registration number 14764. It is also registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01110252)., (Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To describe a new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema., Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the cigarette smoke group, comprising 12 rats exposed to smoke from 12 commercial filter cigarettes three times a day (a total of 36 cigarettes per day) every day for 30 weeks; and the control group, comprising 12 rats exposed to room air three times a day every day for 30 weeks. Lung function was assessed by mechanical ventilation, and emphysema was morphometrically assessed by measurement of the mean linear intercept (Lm)., Results: The mean weight gain was significantly (approximately ten times) lower in the cigarette smoke group than in the control group. The Lm was 25.0% higher in the cigarette smoke group. There was a trend toward worsening of lung function parameters in the cigarette smoke group., Conclusions: The new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and the methodology employed in the present study are effective and reproducible, representing a promising and economically viable option for use in studies investigating the pathophysiology of and therapeutic approaches to COPD.

The aim of the present study was to verify the important factors of tacesics that should be observed while touching the elderly. This qualitative and exploratory field of study was developed using 117 undergraduate students and healthcare professionals who participated in a training course regarding nonverbal communication in gerontology. The results revealed that the majority of the participants were able to identify at least one care factor that must be respected when touching the elderly. The discourses allowed for the construction of nine categories indicating the conditions that are necessary for high-quality affective care provided within the tacesics context; these conditions included the authorization for the touch to occur, location of the touch, intensity of the touch, condition of the elderly person, intentionality and type of touch, duration of the touch, gender and age of the person who touches and of the person being touched, frequency of the touch, and characteristics of the hands that touch. Touch is part of the quotidian practice of healthcare professionals and expresses their dedication and its related emotions, thereby revealing the quality of the care that is provided.

Objective: describe how music is used in the development of group educational activity in Family Health., Methods: a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, developed with 10 group coordinators, distributed in five basic care units in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected from March to July, 2009, with non participant observation in the group itself, and semi-structured interviews with the coordinators. Information was organized and categorized according to thematic analysis. To interpret the data, the Snyderian concepts in addition to theoretical references about music, communication and health education were used., Results: three thematic nuclei were found: the affective dimension of music; recreative dimension of music and the reflexive dimension of music., Conclusion: an attempt by the coordinators was observed, to overcome the pathological barriers with the use of music, considering the group as a whole. As advancement for the production of knowledge, this study shows the need for qualification of these coordinators, by means of workshops and constant follow-up of their musical practices.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major inflammatory disease of the airways and an enormous therapeutic challenge. Within the spectrum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveolar walls with an increase in the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles but without significant pulmonary fibrosis. Therapeutic options are limited and palliative since they are unable to promote morphological and functional regeneration of the alveolar tissue. In this context, new therapeutic approaches, such as cell therapy with adult stem cells, are being evaluated., Objective: This article aims to describe the follow-up of up to 3 years after the beginning of a phase I clinical trial and discuss the spirometry parameters achieved by patients with advanced pulmonary emphysema treated with bone marrow mononuclear cells., Methods: Four patients with advanced pulmonary emphysema were submitted to autologous infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells. Follow-ups were performed by spirometry up to 3 years after the procedure., Results: The results showed that autologous cell therapy in patients having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a safe procedure and free of adverse effects. There was an improvement in laboratory parameters (spirometry) and a slowing down in the process of pathological degeneration. Also, patients reported improvements in the clinical condition and quality of life., Conclusions: Despite being in the initial stage and in spite of the small sample, the results of the clinical protocol of cell therapy in advanced pulmonary emphysema as proposed in this study, open new therapeutic perspectives in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is worth emphasizing that this study corresponds to the first study in the literature that reports a change in the natural history of pulmonary emphysema after the use of cell therapy with a pool of bone marrow mononuclear cells.

The objective of this single-blinded randomized controlled trial was to assess anxiety levels in nursing school students of the Beneficência Portuguesa Hospital (São Paulo) and the effectiveness of auriculotherapy in the reduction of these levels. The Trait-Anxiety Inventory State was applied at the beginning of the study, after 8 and 12 sessions, and at follow-up (15 days). The sample was comprised of 71 students divided into 3 groups: control without intervention (25), auriculotherapy (24), and placebo (22). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant differences post hoc between the control and auriculotherapy groups at 2nd (p=0.000), 3rd (p=0.012) and 4th assessments (p=0.005), and between placebo and control groups at 2nd assessment (p=0.003). Auriculotherapy with Shenmen and Brain Stem points was more effective (20.97%) than sham points (13.74%) for reduction of anxiety levels in Nursing students, but studies with more representative samples are recommended.

Aims: randomized clinical trial aimed at evaluating the auriculotherapy in reducing stress levels in 75 nursing professionals and analyze the coping domains that have changed after treatment., Methodology: volunteers were divided into 3 groups (Control, Needles and Seeds) and received eight sessions at Shenmen, Kidney and Brainstem points. The Control Group didn't receive any intervention., Results: ANOVA test showed statistical differences in stress levels for Needle/Control Groups in the third and fourth assessments, according to Stress Symptoms List when compared the three groups in four assessments. For the Inventory of Folkman/Lazarus, a significant difference was obtained for Spacing domain between needle/control. In analysis within the same group, differences were found for Confrontation in fourth assessment between Needle/Control Groups and for Social Support in the third one between Seeds/Control Groups., Conclusion: The auriculotherapy decreased stress levels, changed Coping domains after treatment, suggesting that both Auriculotherapy with needles and seeds can produce positive impact to improve strategy Coping in the nursing team. However, more studies are needed to conceive the extent of the technique.

This study is a randomized single-blind trial, which aimed to evaluate the efficacy of true auriculotherapy and placebo auriculotherapy in reducing the stress levels of mid-level Nursing students of the School of Nursing of the Beneficência Portuguesa Hospital. Seventy-one students with average, high and very high scores, according to Vasconcellos' List of Stress Symptoms, were divided into three groups: Control (25), Auriculotherapy (24), and Placebo/Sham (22). They were evaluated at the baseline, 8th and 12th sessions and at the follow-up (15 days) and received Shen Men and Brainstem points (Auriculotherapy Group) and Wrist and Outer Ear points (Placebo/Sham Group). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant differences between the Control/Auriculotherapy groups from the 8th session, which was maintained in the third and fourth evaluations (p=0.000) and between the Control/Placebo groups (p<0.05) at the three evaluations. It was concluded that the true auriculotherapy obtained better responses (45.39%) than the placebo (34.18%) in the reduction of the stress, but further studies are recommended for the re-evaluation of the sham points for stress. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01420848.

This qualitative study was developed with 117 healthcare professionals and undergraduate students who were participants of a non-verbal communication training program in gerontology, with the objective to identify the perception and understanding of healthcare undergraduates and graduates regarding aging and the elderly. The results allowed the construction of the following categories: an evolution of life that brings a variety of experiences; natural, mysterious and with accumulated experiences; a decrease in overall happiness due to an increase in isolation; a time of valuing affection and respect; an inevitable stage including distress, prejudice, and limitations worthy of attention; a natural consequence of life; and the presence of disease and the global physiological process. Regarding perceptions of the elderly, the answers were classified as positive, negative, mixed and neutral. We considered that the understanding regarding the elderly and aging was limited and pessimist, indicating a need to become aware that one's views affect the way we relate to others.

The objective of this study is to verify the relevance and utilization of communication strategies in palliative care. This is a multicenter qualitative study using a questionnaire, performed from August of 2008 to July of 2009 with 303 health care professionals who worked with patients receiving palliative care. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Most participants (57.7%) were unable to state at least one verbal communication strategy, and only 15.2% were able to describe five signs or non-verbal communication strategies. The verbal strategies most commonly mentioned were those related to answering questions about the disease/treatment. Among the non-verbal strategies used, the most common were affective touch, looking, smiling, physical proximity, and careful listening. Though professionals have assigned a high degree of importance to communication in palliative care, they showed poor knowledge regarding communication strategies. Final considerations include the necessity of training professionals to communicate effectively in palliative care.

This exploratory work with a qualitative approach was performed with 117 health professionals and undergraduate students in São Paulo State countryside. The goal was to identify environmental factors that could play a role in health professionals' communication with elderly patients. The findings were organized and grouped in seven categories: sound and vibration factors, decorative and spatial factors, light factors, colors and textures, heat and ventilation factors, hygiene and personal safety factors, and visual signs. It was found that making use of environmental factors while providing care services to the elderly may lead to effective health care. These factors not only interfere with patients' welfare and recovery, but also play a role in the relationship between health professionals and elderly patients.

This is a clinical trial which aims to evaluate the efficiency of massage in the reduction of occupational low back pain, and its influence on the performance of work and life activities for the nursing team. The sample consisted of 18 employees who received seven to eight sessions after their work period. From the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, significant improvements were found between the 3rd and 1st evaluations (p=0.000) and between the 3rd and 2nd (p=0.004), using the Wilcoxon test. Regarding the Oswestry Disability Index, the paired t test showed a statistical difference (p=0.02) between the baseline, with a mean of 21.33% and the second evaluation (18.78%), which was also seen between the second and third evaluation (16.67%). The score for the Handling and Transfer Risk Evaluation Scale was 18 points (medium risk). It is concluded that massage was effective in reducing occupational low back pain, and provided improvement in activities of work and life. Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT01315197.

Anxiety is a behavior related to psychosomatic diseases. Through an evaluation of the iris it is possible to determine personality traits and to intervene early to refrain any non-adaptive behavior from causing psychosomatic diseases. Contraction furrows suggest a predisposition to anxiety. This study aimed to verify the correlation of contraction furrows in the iris with the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI). This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo, School of Nursing, and performed with 62 teachers and employees at the Center of Health Science of the Zerbine Foundation (CeFACS), from May to July, 2010. The Spearman coefficient showed a positive and statistically significant correlation between the STAI score and the quantity of contraction furrows. This suggests that these signs indicate a predisposition to anxiety. With the early identification of this behavior we have chances to reduce the development of the disease.

The objective of this study was to describe, from the nurses' perspective, the meaning of effective/affective care, the interference factors, and the learning promoted from dealing with elderly inpatients, as well as their perception of feeling ready or not to engage in caring. This qualitative study was performed with nurses from a hospital located in the Midwestern region of the State of São Paulo. The findings show that the meaning of providing effective/affective care involves knowing the client within his/her social framework, while it crosses the borders of sheer technical care and encompasses fulfilling the client's needs and requirements. Interferences in dealing with the elderly refer to those situations connected with the patients' conditions, work dynamics, and environmental and management adaptations. All surveys showed that despite feeling well prepared, nurses are aware of the need to study fields such as geriatrics and gerontology to a deeper extent. Complete and quality care is only possible if it includes techniques, knowledge and the ability to deal with others with patience and attention to detail.

This clinical randomized trial was performed with the objective to evaluate the stress levels of the nursing staff of a hospital and analyze the effectiveness of auriculotherapy with needles and seeds. The 75 participants with mean (44/58.7%) and high (31/41.3%) scores according to the Stress Symptoms List were divided into groups (control, needles, and seeds), who received eight sessions on the Shenmen, Kidney and Brainstem points and were evaluated at the baseline, fourth and eighth sessions and on the 15-day follow-up session. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences among the groups at the third assessment (F=3.963/P=0.023) and follow-up (F=6.136/P=0.003). These differences occurred between the control and needle groups. The 'seeds' and needles groups both showed differences (p<0.05) at the second assessment when compared within the same group. In conclusion, auriculotherapy reduced the stress in the nursing staff, with needles showing better results than seeds for high scores, maintaining the effects for 15 days.

Considering the importance of assessing nurses' helping relationship skills, it was necessary to use reliable and context-adapted instruments. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Helping Relationship Skills Inventory (Inventário de Competências Relacionais de Ajuda, ICRA), by conducting reliability and validity studies to increase the level of confidence or accuracy of the data obtained using this instrument. This quantitative study was conducted on a sample of 690 nurses who worked in six hospitals and eight health centres in Portugal. The results indicate a multidimensional structure of helping relationship skills, divided into four different dimensions (generic, empathetic, communication and contact skills) with a positive correlation between them. Cronbach's alpha for each dimension was higher than .79, showing a good internal consistency of the items within each factor.

The objectives of this study were to verify if inhaling rose and ylang-ylang essential oils has any effect on one's perception of self-esteem, and compare their efficiency. The study was approved by the University of São Paulo Hospital Research Ethics Committee. Participants were 43 workers from the Sanitation Department and from the Materials and Sterilization Center, and the study took place from May to July 2009. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: two that received the essential oils and a third that received placebo (rose essence). The self-esteem evaluation was performed using a scale validated in Brazil, which was applied before using the aromas, as well as 30 and 60 days after the use. Results showed that the sample consisted of 88.6% individuals with medium and high self-esteem, and that the essential oils did not make any significant changes to their perception of self-esteem.

The objective of this study is to verify the difference in professors' perception of students' feelings before and after an explanatory presentation on the theme. This is an exploratory study using a primary source, and a quantitative approach with 13 Nursing and Medicine professors. A vide showing student images was presented to the professors, who answered a feeling-identification questionnaire, and, after an explanatory presentation about non-verbal communication and feelings, the professors watched the same video and answered the questionnaire again. As to the identification of feelings, joy, anxiety, and interest were the most often identified. We found statistically significant values regarding the mean total score before and after the explanatory presentation (p=0.02). The professor is capable of identifying the feelings, but after the explanatory presentation, their perception improved and they were able to make identifications more often.

This research aimed to check the effectiveness of Therapeutic Touch on decreased pain intensity, depression self-assessment scores and improved sleep quality. A clinical before-after trial is presented. The study was carried out at a Basic Health Unit in Fernandópolis, SP-Brazil, involving 30 elderly patients with chronic non-oncologic pain who received 8 sessions of Therapeutic Touch in accordance with the Krieger-Kunz method. The Visual Analogue Scale for pain was applied before and after each session, and Beck Depression Inventory and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index before the first and after the last session. Data analysis showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in pain intensity, depression self-assessment scores and the sleep quality index. It is concluded that the Therapeutic Touch was effective to decrease pain intensity and depressive attitudes and symptoms, as well as to improve sleep quality.

Being submitted to dialysis four hours a day, three times a week can mean experiencing boredom, besides discomfort. Patients often report that the time seems to take longer to go by. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of two different musical rhythms in the states of mind and perception of adult patients undergoing dialysis, since the literature on this subject is scarce. The study was performed at a private hospital with 43 patients, who participated in two sessions of musical improvisation with a keyboard. The subjective states and perception were evaluated before and after the intervention. Over 80% of the patients felt that time went by faster after the interventions in both rhythms. However, the pace was a decisive factor in the kind of emotional experience that the patients had.

The purpose of this study is to present a theoretical reflection about the relation between the Human Being, health and disease concepts, and the perspectives stemming from the development of the Quantum Theory. It presents arguments for the comprehension that, from the moment where the spiritual dimension is recognized, there is the need for reformulation of concepts that guide the professional practice, since they make interpretation possible and direct the communicational response that, in the case of healthcare, results in the service provided to the patient. The study also understands that the necessity of furthering the communicational level exerted on people is imperative to provide care and to comprehend the spiritual dimension of the Human Being.

Blood-sucking flies are important parasites in animal production systems, especially regarding confinement conditions. Haematobia irritans, the horn fly, is one of the most troublesome species within bovine production systems, due to the intense stress imposed to the animals. H. irritans is one of the parasites of cattle that cause significant economic losses in many parts of the world, including South America. In the present work, Brazilian, Colombian and Dominican Republic populations of this species were studied by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to assess basically genetic variability between populations. Fifteen different decamer random primers were employed in the genomic DNA amplification, yielding 196 fragments in the three H. irritans populations. Among H. irritans samples, that from Colombia produced the smallest numbers of polymorphic bands. This high genetic homogeneity may be ascribed to its geographic origin, which causes high isolation, low gene flow, unlike the other American populations, from Brazil and Dominican Republic. Molecular marker fragments, which its produced exclusive bands, detected in every sample enabled the population origin to be characterized, but they are also potentially useful for further approaches such as the putative origin of Brazilian, Colombian and Dominican Republic populations of horn fly from South America. Similarity indices produced by chemo metric analysis showed the closest relationships between flies from Brazil and Dominican Republic, while flies from Colombia showed the greatest genotypic differentiation relative to the others populations.

This study is a literature review about Iridology/Irisdiagnose in the period from 1970 to 2005. The objective was to identify the worldwide scientific publications (articles) in this field and the opinions about the method. Twenty-five articles were found, four of them from Brazilian authors. About the category, 1 was literature review, 12 research studies and 12 updates, historical reviews or editorials. The countries that have contributed more with the studies were Brazil and Russia. Fifteen of those are in favor of the method and 10 are against it. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop more studies inside the methodological rigor, once Iridology brings hope to preventive medicine.

This paper is a reflection on the perception of care nursing professionals have and the meaning given to the term, which is a tool for directing the quality of the assistance. It questions the level of depth that this word may have, identifying its presence in all processes of the Universe and throughout mankind's mythological history. It proposes that caring is the law that makes possible the manifestation of the organization potential in a given direction of dynamic stability, seen in matter, which unfolds into the promotion and establishment of health and well-being. It concludes by stating that the Law of Care may be understood as a set of forces that make possible the extension or abbreviation of a given degree of organization that may be expressed in different levels.

The objective of this study was to know the expectations of patients who are in palliative care regarding communication with the nursing team. The data were collected during the first semester of 2005 through half-structured interviews among 39 oncological patients with no healing prognosis subjected to palliative chemotherapy in a hospital institution of the city of São Paulo. After transcription of the speeches, the data were analyzed according to the methodology of content analysis. From the interviewees' speeches four categories emerged. Interpersonal communication proved to be an important attribution to palliative care, with particular attention given to the professional's nonverbal signs for establishing a link of trust, the need for a compassionate presence, the desire not to focus the interaction and the relationship only on the disease and on death and to concentrate instead on cheerful verbal communication favoring optimism and good humor.

The purpose of the present study was to verify the hospital routine aspects in which nurses see bioethic principles when giving attendance and verify in which situations the nurse understands that the respect concept is connected to their routine. An exploratory, decriptive and qualitative approach research was performed with 18. The categories found were: The interference of bioethic principles in the nursing practice; How to respect the patient despite the hospital routines; How to render care to the patient in a humanized way and How to put into practice the humanization theory. We concluded that nurses understand that the bioethic principles help them in their daily nursing routine because they can orient themselves in their actions, making respect to the patient happen very naturally. However, nurses also understand that the principles can have their link hindered by their own Hospital rules.

The current study has the purpose of verifying if nurses are able to identify situations in which the nonverbal aspects of interpersonal communication between health professionals and patients constitute an iatrogenic factor. The data were collected through semistructured interviews with eight nurses and were analyzed according to the content analysis methodology. Three categories appeared from the professional discourses, and these categories make evident the perception of iatrogenesis, its consequences and characteristics and the interrelation between nonverbal language and nursing care.

Lupin is part of the Mediterranean diet and is also used as a thickener of food products. It has been recognised as a cause of serious allergic reactions. This study aims at determining the prevalence of lupin sensitisation in 1,160 subjects consulting allergologists. This population performed skin prick tests (SPT) to lupin. In case of positivity, a clinical questionnaire was applied and the subjects were tested for other legumes, common inhalants and latex. We find a 4.1% sensitisation rate to lupin, a 75% co-sensitisation between lupin and legumes, a 82.1% co-sensitisation between lupin and pollen and a 28.5% co-sensitisation between lupin and latex. To conclude, we documented a high lupin sensitisation in a selected population, thus stressing the importance of lupin as a food allergen.

This research study was carried out in a public tertiary emergency hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, with 20 professionals of nursing (2 nurses, 11 technicians, and 7 auxiliaries). It aimed at analyzing the role of communication in the interaction of professionals with patients, and at identifying its importance for nurse professionals. Data were collected using individual interviews. Content analyses revealed three main categories: difficulties imposed by the emergency ward environment on proper communication, dichotomy between doing and executing, and communication as care--revealing a mechanization of communication and its need by the patient.

Due to the assistant characteristic of the emergency service, the health professional experiences countless situations that generate anxiety. This study aimed to learn the professionals' perception about the presence of classical music in the working environment. The sample was composed of 49 professionals of the adult emergency department of a medium sized private hospital. The data were collected through a questionnaire to evaluate the professional's perception. The results showed that 78% of the professionals noticed alteration in the atmosphere when the music was present, 41% believed that the music altered their personal performance; 85% believed it altered their performance in a positive way and 15% in a negative way. Regarding the musical repertoire, 61% of the individuals affirmed they enjoyed the selection, 96% believed that the ambient music should be kept, while 76% of the interviewees suggested other musical genres.

This research attends an study with qualitative approach. Its aim were to analyze the nursing concept of autonomy of terminal patients, their attitude face an autonomy of terminal patient demostration and what is the nurse perspective in the presence of autonomy while has being structure in Brazil. This study was fulfilled in palliative care unit of Hospital of Clinics of Uberlandia. For nurses to perceive autonomy as na ethic beginninig of the existence, is a way to change the knowledge, which turns clear the necessity of exchanges in schools to help the services conduct the health team, their problems, their conflicts when patient's autonomy does not agree with values believed by the health team.

This qualitative study was developed as an effort to understand the meaning and the impact of Chron's Disease on the carrier's life, opting for Life Oral History as the methodological reference and having as a base Hippocrates' monist philosophical school, for which the medical practice focuses on the sick person in his/her totality, taking into consideration his/her temperament and background. The therapeutics must reestablish the person's harmony with his/her environment and with himself/ herself. It is an integrative, dynamic medicine that corresponds to the beginnings of psychosomatic medicine. The studies on Chron's Disease, through psychosomatic understanding, made possible to analyze the symptoms not as alien bodies to be eradicated, but as messengers of an appeal to be understood. Through them, the person's history can be recovered, which makes possible the development to more advanced levels of understanding if it is experienced and analyzed consciously.

This work is aimed at suggesting methodological foundations for following Nursing student's progress in communicative competence. Using qualitative methodology and theoretical reference of interpersonal communication, the research was developed through interviews with 13 professors with experience both in teaching activities and communication research in Nursing. Interviewees reported that they follow their students' progress in communicative competence through the observation of their communicative abilities with patients; by fostering moments for the expression of thoughts, feelings and perceptions; by giving feedback on the development of communicative abilities; by stimulating their communication abilities; by performing formative assessments and tutoring.

Communication is considered an important variable in the care of critical patients and their families, whose difficulty concerning communication is expressed in the literature. The purpose of this survey was to verify what is considered adequate communication with the nursing team in the perception of the critical patient's family. This is an exploratory and field study carried out at the Intensive Care Unit of the University of São Paulo's Hospital Universitário. The population surveyed was comprised of 13 relatives of critical patients. The data was collected in November of 2003 and analyzed according to Bardin proposal. Communication was considered adequate when it was a means for information - the information was clear and objective, doubts were clarified, orientation was provided and communication was a form of humanizing health care - and there was verbal communication even when the patient was sedated, with somebody as a reference whom the relatives could resort to.

The lack of humanization between health professionals and patients are becoming more common. We are not ethical, but we become ethical through our behavior. The hereby study interviews nurses who act in the hospital departments with the objective to identify the representation of the "other" (patient and familiar) in the relationship of nursing and to understand how these relationships occur. The study shows a clear dichotomy between theory and practice; nurses are, in most cases, unsatisfied with work and the recognition of the profession; there is difficulty in communicating with the patient without demonstrating authority; recognizing the importance of the family, however still not dealing with it.

The Lucilia cuprina laboratory breeding depends, fundamentally, on reproductive behavior and longevity information. In the present study it was verified that, due to the species isolation, there was a remarkable increase in the number of eggs/female (1344.18), when compared to the number of grouped eggs/female (732.78). The eggs viability was reduced due to the isolation of L. cuprina female. The longevity rate was estimated in 29.41 and 31.20 days for grouped males and females, respectively. For isolated males and females the longevity rate was 25.20 and 33.89, respectively.

This study aimed to analyze the frequency of efficient and inefficient behavior in members of a group of ostomy patients due to bowel cancer. An exploratory and observational field study took place at a public service hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The population consisted of 5 persons who joined in a group. After approval by the institutional Ethics Committee, 5 meetings were held in October and November 2001, guided by the following themes "me before getting ill", "me ill and the treatment", "me recovering with an ostomy", "me and daily life", "me in this group". Data were collected through videotaping of the meetings and field diary records, and were subject to quantitative analysis by means of tables and graphs, on the basis of an established model. The preponderance of rigidity and competitiveness in the intragroup relationships was explicit and determined stagnation and stereotyped attitudes in interaction.

The purpose of this study was to know the probable diagnosis and therapeutic action of the flower essences under the light of the Theory of the Imaginary by Gilbert Durand, through the AT.9 test and flower essence interview sessions. It was applied to 30 people, who were being treated with flower essences, by a private practitioner in São Paulo. The study contains 60 AT.9 test protocols and 60 flower essence formulae. It analyzed the common traces, both the attuned and the dissonant ones, by the relationships established between the AT.9 and the flower essence formulae, bringing forward evidences of the capacity diagnosis and the therapeutic actions of these essences. The two essences that translated the characteristic tone of this population were California Wild Rose and Evening Primrose.

This research aimed to identify the self-esteem degree and the nonverbal signs of the Burn Center patients at HC-FMUSP. Those signs complement, contradict or demonstrate the patients'feelings when they are asked about their self-esteem. The project was accomplished with 80 patient (54 women and 26 men) attended in the hospital in February 2002. It has been approved by the Commissions of Ethics on Research of EEUSP and HC-FMUSP. The individual interviews with the patients were based on the scale of self-esteem validated in Brazil and also based on the classification of the nonverbal signs proposed by Silva. Through the results we verified that 18.75% patients present low self-esteem, 32.50% medium self-esteem and 48.75% high self-esteem. We also concluded that the complement was the function of the nonverbal signs, more often during the interviews.