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Doktorska naloga sodi na področje analize zaposljivosti delavcev invalidov, upoštevajoč (ne)ustreznost kompetenc ter motivacijo delavcev invalidov za usposabljanje in prezaposlovanje. Ključna teoretična izhodišča naloge zajemajo zaposlovanje invalidov in kariere delavcev invalidov, kompetenčni pristop, izobraževanje in usposabljanje delavcev invalidov ter področje motivacije. Zaposlovanje invalidov, predvsem ohranjanje zaposlitve delavcev invalidov in kariere delavcev invalidov, v kontekstu teme doktorske naloge razumemo kot os problema. Motivacijske teorije v kontekstu doktorske naloge pomenijo podlago za ugotavljanje dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na motivacijo za izobraževanje in usposabljanje ter prezaposlovanje. Pri tem nas bodo zanimali vpliv uresničenosti ali neuresničenosti potrebe po varnosti, vpliv pričakovanih izidov izobraževanja in usposabljanja ter prezaposlovanja, vpliv razhajanja med za delo potrebnimi in dejanskimi kompetencami ter vpliv možnosti za razvoj kariere na motivacijo za izobraževanje in usposabljanje ter za prezaposlovanje. Obravnava izbrane tematike za primer delavcev invalidov je nujna, saj gre za skupino delavcev, ki so zaradi svojega zdravstvenega stanja in posledic za delovno učinkovitost, ki iz tega izhajajo, med težje zaposljivimi, kadar zaposlitev izgubijo. Ravno tako jim je pogosto otežen karierni razvoj, če zaposlitev imajo. Zato je treba analizirati motivacijo za dejavnike, ki lahko pozitivno vplivajo na ohranjanje zaposlitve delavcev invalidov in na možnosti za razvoj njihovih kariernih poti s ciljem dviga delovne učinkovitosti in siceršnje usposobljenosti. V doktorski disertaciji smo zato na osnovi predstavljenih teoretičnih izhodišč in predstavljene problematike preučevanja ugotavljali, kaj vpliva na motivacijo delavcev invalidov za izobraževanje in usposabljanje ter prezaposlovanje. Raziskavo smo izvedli na primeru velikega slovenskega podjetja. V njej sta sodelovali dve organizacijski enoti oziroma dve podjetji iz skupine, enota, ki je v osnovi invalidsko podjetje, in enota, ki ni invalidsko podjetje. Ciljna skupina so bili delavci invalidi, ki so tudi starejši in nižje izobraženi, kar je pomenilo dodaten metodološki izziv z vidika priprave vprašalnika in same izvedbe anketiranja. Raziskovalni načrt je sestavljalo pet raziskovalnih faz: izvedba pregledne študije, analiza podatkov kadrovskega informacijskega sistema (KIS) (kvantitativni pristop), razvoj in testiranje vprašalnika v več podfazah in anketiranje (kvantitativni pristop), evalvacija rezultatov anketiranja na ravni organizacije (kvalitativni pristop) ter evalvacija rezultatov anketiranja na ravni zunanjih strokovnjakov (kvalitativni pristop). Znanstveni cilj doktorske naloge je bil oblikovati modela motivacije delavcev invalidov za izobraževanje in usposabljanje ter prezaposlovanje, v katerih bodo pokazani vplivi ključnih faktorjev na motivacijo za izobraževanje in usposabljanje ter prezaposlovanje. Kot ključne smo vključili tiste faktorje, na katere ima, čeprav so izhodiščno odvisni od delavčeve percepcije, posreden ali neposreden vpliv delodajalec, na primer skozi notranje akte, ki normativno urejajo področje, skozi možnosti za prilagoditev delovnega procesa in okolja, skozi ponudbo ustreznih aktivnosti in/ali skozi zagotavljanje možnosti za napredovanje. Rezultati anketiranja so pokazali, da varnost zaposlitve ne vpliva na motivacijo za usposabljanje in izobraževanje, niti na motivacijo za prezaposlovanje. Razlog za odsotnost vpliva varnosti zaposlitve na motivacijo za obravnavane aktivnosti gre najprej iskati v tem, da je bila povprečna vrednost varnosti zaposlitve relativno visoka in gre za potrebo, ki je že zadovoljena v tolikšni meri, da je delavci (invalidi ali zdravi) ne zaznavajo kot problematično. Rezultati raziskave ravno tako niso pokazali vpliva fizične intenzivnosti dela na motivacijo za usposabljanje in izobraževanje ter za prezaposlovanje. Hkrati delavci invalidi fizične intenzivnosti dela ne zaznavajo kot problematične. Ugotovitev, podobno kot v primeru odsotnosti varnosti zaposlitve, sovpada s teorijo hierarhije potreb po Maslowu, saj se v primeru zadostne zadovoljenosti nižje ležeče potrebe posameznik usmeri na druge, višje ležeče potrebe, ki niso zadovoljene (Maslow, 1982) ni namreč nujno, da je nižje ležeča potreba v celoti zadovoljena, preden posameznika motivira nekaj drugega (Coutts, 2010, str. 661). V evalvaciji rezultatov raziskave na ravni podjetja in na ravni zunanjih strokovnjakov je bilo izpostavljeno, da sta tip podjetja (javno podjetje) in ustrezna pravna ureditev, ki ureja status delavcev invalidov na ravni podjetja in države, pomemben dejavnik, ki skozi vpliv na nekatere obravnavane spremenljivke (varnost zaposlitve, fizična intenzivnost dela) sooblikuje motivacijo delavcev invalidov za obravnavane aktivnosti. Zakonodaja delodajalce zavezuje k upoštevanju omejitev in k zagotovitvi ustreznega delovnega mesta, ki bo te zdravstvene omejitve upoštevalo, zaradi česar je v urejenih okoljih mogoče pričakovati, da bo zahteva po ustrezni fizični intenzivnosti dela delavca invalida upoštevana. Rezultati raziskave o vplivu fizične intenzivnosti dela so pomembni zlasti zato, ker kažejo, da delavci invalidi, ki delo opravljajo v okolju, ki upošteva pravni okvir, s katerim je urejeno področje delavcev invalidov, niso fizično preobremenjeni ter da ustrezna fizična obremenjenost ni motivator, a tudi ne demotivator, saj je določena mera fizične intenzivnosti dela celo dobrodošla (kar je bilo izpostavljeno predvsem v evalvaciji rezultatov na ravni podjetja). Analiza ni pokazala, da bi bila višja kategorija invalidnosti statistično značilen motivator za izobraževanje in usposabljanje ter za prezaposlovanje. Na drugi strani se pri motivaciji za izobraževanje in usposabljanje ter pri motivaciji za prezaposlovanje kaže učinek slabšega zdravstvenega stanja, a je obraten od pričakovanega in v vsebinskem smislu kaže na to, da boljše zdravstveno stanje pozitivno vpliva na motivacijo za izobraževanje in usposabljanje ter za prezaposlovanje. Na tem mestu rezultati sovpadajo s pomislekom, ki smo ga imeli pri pripravi hipotez, ko smo navedli možnost, da lahko slabše zdravstveno stanje negativno vpliva na motivacijo za dodatne napore zaradi usmerjenosti v urejanje zdravstvenega stanja. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali tudi, da večje možnosti napredovanja ne vplivajo na višjo motivacijo za usposabljanje in izobraževanje ter za prezaposlovanje. Izhajajoč iz obravnavanih motivacijskih teorij (v tem primeru predvsem Vroomove teorije pričakovanj) ter ugotovitev evalvacije rezultatov raziskave na ravni podjetja in na ravni zunanjih strokovnjakov, je odsotnost vpliva, vezanega na obstoj možnosti za napredovanje, na motivacijo za izobraževanje in usposabljanje ter za prezaposlovanje večplastna in povezana s pričakovanji na področju dejanskih možnosti za napredovanje. Pomembna je namreč ugotovitev, da so delavci invalidi obstoj možnosti za napredovanje v povprečju ocenili relativno nizko. Rezultati raziskave kažejo zanimivo sliko na področju kompetenc, ki odstopa od pričakovanega. Presežek dejanskih kompetenc delavca v primerjavi s tistimi, ki so na trenutnem delovnem mestu zahtevane, ne pomeni nižje motivacije za izobraževanje in usposabljanje. To pomeni, da tudi primanjkljaj ne spodbudi k izobraževanju in usposabljanju, kar preseneča, saj naj bi primanjkljaj kompetenc delavce spodbudil k temu, da ga odpravijo (Elliot in Dweck, 2005). Razhajanje dejanskih in za delo potrebnih kompetenc nima učinka niti na motivacijo za prezaposlovanje. A glede na to, da so rezultati pri delavcih invalidih pokazali minimalen primanjkljaj, je mogoče, da so kompetence delavca glede na potrebe trenutnega dela razvite v tolikšni meri, da jih delavci invalidi ne zaznavajo kot premalo razvite in ne čutijo potrebe po aktivnostih, ki bi lahko razvitost kompetenc ali njihovo usklajenost z zahtevnostjo dela dodatno izboljšale. Rezultati raziskave so najjasneje potrdili vpliv pozitivnih pričakovanih učinkov izobraževanja in usposabljanja ter prezaposlovanja na višjo motivacijo za usposabljanje in izobraževanje ter za prezaposlovanje. Navedeno sovpada z navedbami Vroomove teorije pričakovanj. V evalvaciji rezultatov raziskave je bila izpostavljena univerzalnost vpliva pričakovanj, ne glede na status invalida ali druge značilnosti posameznika. Rezultati raziskave so odprli številna dodatna vprašanja, ki se prepletajo z osnovnim problemom obravnave. Evalvacija rezultatov raziskave na ravni podjetja in na ravni zunanjih strokovnjakov je na primer pokazala, da se dejavniki in njihov potencialni vpliv na motivacijo za izobraževanje in usposabljanje ter za prezaposlovanje zelo prepletajo. Za podrobnejši vpogled bi bilo dobro na kvantitativnih podatkih uporabiti analizo strukturnih modelov, a to zaradi majhnosti realiziranega vzorca ni bilo mogoče. Pomemben prispevek pričujoče doktorske naloge je tudi v preučevanju populacije, ki je zelo redko vključena v raziskave, tako v tujih kot (še posebej) v domačih študijah. To je bilo izpostavljeno tudi pri evalvaciji rezultatov raziskave na ravni podjetja in na ravni zunanjih strokovnjakov. Z znanstvenimi in aplikativnimi cilji, ki so vsebinske narave, so tesno povezani metodološki znanstveni cilji doktorske naloge o zagotovitvi kar se da visoke stopnje veljavnosti izvedene raziskave skozi uporabo več tehnik, oceno primernosti anketne metode zbiranja podatkov za predmet preučevanja, ki se je izkazala kot nujna in kakovostna izhodiščna podlaga za kasnejšo kvalitativno obravnavo, ter oblikovanje standardiziranega kvantitativnega merskega instrumenta za ugotavljanje prisotnosti dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na motivacijo delavcev invalidov za izobraževanje in usposabljanje ter prezaposlovanje. Rezultati raziskave so z metodološkega vidika vsaj toliko pomembni, kot so z oblikovanjem končnih verzij obeh motivacijskih modelov in drugih vsebinskih zaključkov raziskave pomembni z vidika dela s to občutljivo skupino delavcev. Ključne metodološke ugotovitve, ki bodo v korist raziskovalcem v prihodnjih raziskavah, so naslednje: Lastnosti ciljne populacije lahko močno vplivajo na možnosti izvedbe (kar se je potrdilo), zato je premišljen in dosleden postopek snovanja vsebine in poteka raziskave, testiranja merskega instrumenta ter prilagoditve same izvedbe raziskave nujen. Notranje okolje (tip podjetja, interni akti) in zunanje okolje (zakonodaja) lahko močno vplivata tako na percepcijo sodelujočih (npr. varnost zaposlitve) kot na same spremenljivke (npr. stanje fizične zahtevnosti dela) in tako na izide raziskave in nevtralizacijo učinka nekaterih spremenljivk, raziskovalec pa težko presodi, kateri vpliv na spremenljivke, ki jih v raziskavo vključi kot neodvisne (npr. varnost zaposlitve, fizična intenzivnost dela, kategorija invalidnosti), prevladuje in ali ima pomemben učinek na to, ali bo izbrana neodvisna spremenljivka vplivala na odvisno ali ne. Zunanji učinki (npr. zakonodaja) lahko na spremenljivko vplivajo do te mere, da jo je treba za natančnejši vpogled redefinirati ali celo razbiti na več spremenljivk (npr. kategorija invalidnosti glede na zakonodajo, po kateri je delavec invalid pridobil status in kategorijo invalida), kar v nadaljevanju vpliva na kompleksnost raziskave in raziskovalnega instrumenta, ki pa lahko trči ob omejitve, ki jih določajo lastnosti morebitne ciljne populacije. Na primer, ali je mogoče pričakovati, da bo starejši, nižje izobražen delavec invalid znal povedati, po katerem zakonu je pridobil status invalida? Saj smo v našem primeru ugotovili, da nekateri sodelujoči niso znali odgovoriti niti na to, katero kategorijo invalidnosti imajo. V našem primeru je zunanji vpliv tolikšen, da je mogoče pričakovati, da je sooblikoval nevtralizacijo vpliva na naši odvisni spremenljivki (motivacijo za izobraževanje in usposabljanje ter za prezaposlovanje). Kompleksnost tematike odpira vprašanje potrebe po uporabi naprednih multivariatnih metod, kot je analiza strukturnih modelov, a to pomeni pri obravnavi populacij, ki jih je težko zajeti v raziskavo, poseben izziv, ker je težko realizirati ustrezno velik vzorec, ki bi štel nekaj sto enot, tudi takrat, ko sodeluje večja organizacija, saj je sodelovanje odvisno od volje posameznikov, ta pa od značilnosti ciljne skupine. This doctoral dissertation analyses the employability of persons with disabilities, taking into account the competency (in)sufficiency and motivation of disabled employees to engage in training, education and reassignment programs. The paper reviews, in the theory section, the recruitment and career advancement of persons with disabilities, the approach based on competence, education and training of employees with disabilities, and the area of motivation. Recruitment of persons with disabilities and, in particular, the associated job retention and career advancement are the core element of this analysis. The theories of motivation discussed herein serve as the basis to identify factors which affect training, education and reassignment motivation. In this regard, the paper focuses on the impact associated with the (un)satisfaction of the safety need, the impact of outcome expectancy with respect to training, education and reassignment programs, the impact of a mismatch between the competency level required by the job and an individual's perceived level of competency, and on the impact of career advancement opportunities on training, education and reassignment motivation. Focusing the analysis on employees with disabilities is vital because of the hurdles to employment opportunities and barriers to career advancement that the members of this particular group encounter due to their medical condition and the associated consequences on work-related performance. To this end, the paper aims to identify motivational factors which have a positive impact on job retention and career advancement of employees with disabilities so as to improve their work-related performance and competence in general. Taking account of the theoretical background and the topic selected, the dissertation discusses what motivates employees with disabilities to join training and education courses and reassignment programs. The research was conducted in a large Slovenian enterprise made up of several controlled companies, from which two entities were selected as subjects: a regular company and one established specifically for persons with disabilities. The target group, comprised of employees with disabilities, included older employees and employees with a low level of education, adding an additional challenge as to the choice of method in designing and conducting the survey. The research consisted of five steps: conducting a transparent research study, analysing data obtained from the human resources information system (KIS) (quantitative approach), designing, testing and administering the questionnaire (quantitative approach), evaluating questionnaire data at the company level (qualitative approach) and at the level of external professionals, or third party level (qualitative approach). The paper aims to design a model of disabled employee motivation with respect to training and reassignment to identify key motivational factors for taking part in training and reassignment programs. These were restricted to factors which, while fundamentally subject to disabled employee's self-perception, were influenced directly or indirectly by the employer through bylaws setting out the normative standards in this area, work process and workplace accommodations, appropriate activities and/or through opportunities for career development. The results of the research suggest that employment security is not a factor in motivation to take part in training and education courses and in motivation for reassignment programs, which can be largely attributed to a relatively high average value of job security, translating to a need which is satisfied to a degree where it is no longer perceived a concern by employees with and without disabilities alike. The results indicate that physically demanding occupations also have no impact on training, education and reassignment motivation, and that this aspect of work is not a perceived concern on the side of employees with disabilities. This finding, similar to the lack of impact of employment security, is in line with Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which states that a lower level of need must be fulfilled to a certain degree before the individual will focus motivation upon higher level needs (Maslow, 1982), and that human motivations move even if a low level need is not completely satisfied (Coutts, 2010, str. 661). The evaluation of survey results at the company and at third party level suggests that, through setting forth some of the variables discussed above (e.g. employment security and physical intensity of work), the type of corporation (a public company) and its legal status, which affects the status of employees with disabilities at both company and state level, have an important impact on the disabled employees' motivation to engage in the activities discussed herein. Employers are required under the law to take account of a person's disability and offer a position of work suitable to the type of their impairment, leading to the assumption that, in a regulated environment, employees with disabilities will be assigned to a position which matches their physical capabilities. The results concerning the impact of a job's physical requirements are important largely because they indicate that, in a work environment compliant with the relevant disability regulations, employees with disabilities are not assigned to jobs which exceed their physical capabilities, and that physical suitability of a job is not perceived as a motivating or de-motivating factor as a matter of fact, a certain degree of physical activity is even desired, judging by the results at the company level. Furthermore, the analysis showed that the severity of impairment was not a statistically significant motivational factor with respect to training, education and reassignment programs. Contrary to expectations, a serious health condition is suggesting a negative effect on training and education motivation and on reassignment motivation. A good health condition was shown to have a positive effect on the motivation to take part in training, education and reassignment programs. This reflects a consideration expressed when formulating the hypotheses, and which suggested a possibility that a serious health problem may have a negative impact on the motivation to engage in additional activities because a person's health takes priority over other objectives. The results also show that better career advancement opportunities do not lead to increased motivation for training, education and reassignment. Under the theories of motivation discussed in this paper (Vroom's expectancy theory in particular) and the evaluation of survey results at the company and third party level, the lack of motivational impact associated with career advancement is layered, and related to an individual's expectancy about their opportunities to develop a career. It is important to note that, on the average, employees with disabilities gave a relatively low rating to their career advancement opportunities. As far as competencies are concerned, the results indicate that employees who are overqualified for a particular job do not feel less motivated to take part in training and education programs, which is an interesting and unexpected finding. Conversely, this means that employees who are insufficiently qualified for a particular job do not feel compelled to engage in training and education in order to bridge the competency gap, which goes against the expectation that insufficient competencies would serve as a motivating factor to obtain the missing qualifications (Elliot in Dweck, 2005). Being insufficiently qualified also has no effect on the motivation for reassignment. The results show that qualification deficit amongst employees with disabilities is minimal, so it could be assumed that their competencies have reached a point where the employees perceive them to be sufficient for the job concerned, and hence do not seek further improvement. The results confirmed, to the highest degree, that positive outcome expectancy with respect to education, training and reassignment programs increases the motivation to take part in the said programs, which is in line with Vroom's expectancy theory. The evaluation of the results points out that the effects of outcome expectancy are universal regardless of the status and traits of persons with disabilities. Furthermore, the results lead to a number of additional questions relating to the main topic of this paper. The evaluation at the company and third party level, for example, suggests a strong interrelation between the factors and the potential effects thereof on training, education and reassignment motivation. While a better understanding of these relations could have been obtained through an analysis of the quantitative data structures, the sample collected under this research was unfortunately too small to carry it out such an analysis. As stressed in the evaluation of the results, an important contribution in this dissertation is also the inclusion, in the research study, of a population which is largely absent from international and, in particular, national research. The methodological objectives of this dissertation are closely associated with scientific and practically applicable objectives, and are intended to deliver, through deploying a number of different research techniques, the highest possible degree of credibility of the research study concerned, assess the acceptability of the survey's data collection method for the subject under research – this proved to be a good and essential point of departure for the qualitative analysis later on – and create a standardized quantitative method of measurement to identify motivational factors amongst employees with disabilities relating to training, education and reassignment programs. The research results – the questionnaire, the two models of motivation and other findings – are as important in the methodological sense of serving as material for further research on this topic as they are in terms of providing useful information in working with this vulnerable group of employees. Below is a list of the key methodological findings which can benefit future research studies: The target population's traits can have a significant effect on how the research is conducted (this has been confirmed), so it is imperative to adopt a methodical and consistent approach when structuring and performing the research, testing the method of measurement, and adjusting the way the research is performed. In-house (company type and bylaws) and external factors (the legislation) can have a significant effect on both the subjects' perception (e.g. employment security) and the variables (e.g. relating to physically demanding work), which affects the research results and can lead to various effects become neutralised in the process, making it difficult to ascertain which effect on the independent variables (e.g. employment security, disability category) is the strongest, and whether this is relevant to the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. External factors such as the legislation may affect a variable to a degree which necessitates, for better insight, redefining and splitting it into multiple variables (e.g. a disability category examined by the statutory act under which the disability was recognised and categorised), which has an impact on the complexity of the research and method of measurement at a later stage and can be hampered by limitations associated with the target population's characteristics. To give an example, older employees with a low level of education might not be knowledgeable concerning relevant laws under which their disability was recognised, and the research went so far as to identify that some subjects did not even have knowledge about the category of their disability. The effect of external factors in this particular case was large enough to believe that it helped neutralise the effect on the two dependent variables (i.e. the training and education motivation and the reassignment motivation). The complexity of the topic at hand suggests the need to adopt advanced multivariate methods such as Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), which can be challenging to apply on populations difficult to include in research, however, owing to a lack of samples which are big enough (a few hundred subjects) – even when the research is conducted in large organisations – because participation is subject to an individual's decision, which in turn depends on the characteristics of the target group.

Uvod i cilj: Istraživanje je provedeno na Klinici za psihijatriju KBC-a Split u razdoblju od 01.01.2015. do 30.09.2015. godine. Cilj istraživanja u ovom radu je utvrditi broj ili udio bolesnika s istovremeno prisutnim alkoholizmom i depresijom te utvrditi broj bolesnika kod kojih je primarno bila prisutna depresija, a alkoholizam se razvio kasnije (kao komorbiditetno stanje) odnosno utvrditi broj bolesnika kod kojih je kao primarna bolest prisutan alkoholizam, a depresija se razvila kasnije kao posljedica alkoholizma (sekundarna depresija). Glavne mjere ishoda su pokušaj evidentiranja udjela primarne i sekundarne dijagnoze u uzorku pomoću dobnih podataka i odnosa broja bolesnika prema spolu, zatim povezati mogućnost utjecaja dodatnih komorbidnih stanja s primarnom dijagnozom te brojem hospitalizacija. Ispitanici i metode: Ispitanici su bolesnici s istovremeno prisutnim simptomima depresije i alkoholizma čija je anamneza uzeta u razmatranje. Stanje bolesnika je dijagnosticirano prema Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji bolesti (MKB-10), te je proveden standardni psihijatrijski intervju o osobnom stanju i životnom okruženju bolesnika. Ukupno je evidentirano 36 bolesnika (26 muškaraca i 10 žena). Za istraživanje je provedena analiza bolničkih otpusnih pisama osoba liječenih u navedenom razdoblju te psihički status čime su prikupljeni podaci o: spolu, dobi, ostalim psihičkim poremećajima (poput PTSP-a) te broju hospitalizacija. Rezultati: Omjer broja muških bolesnika u odnosu prema ženskim bolesnicima u uzorku je statistički značajan i iznosi 2,6:1. Prema dobnoj strukturi ukupno najveći broj bolesnika nalazimo u dobnoj skupini između 51 i 60 godina. Prosječna životna dob u uzorku bolesnika bez obzira na spol iznosi 54 godine, između muškaraca i žena u uzorku nema statistički značajne razlike u životnoj dobi. Frekvencija muških bolesnika je više rasprostranjena kroz srednje dobne skupine, frekvencija bolesnica u mlađoj i starijoj dobnoj skupini. Ukupno je 23 ispitanika oba spola imalo drugo komorbidno stanje, što iznosi 63,89% ispitivanog uzorka. Od ukupnog broja ispitivanog uzorka evidentirano je 10 muškaraca s dijagnozom PTSP-a kao komorbidnog stanja uz dijagnosticiranu depresiju i alkoholizam. Ukupni omjer svih promatranih komorbidnih poremećaja između spolova iznosi 4,75:1. Razlike između spolova nisu se pokazale statistički značajnima što ukazuje na visoku učestalost komorbidnih stanja bez obzira na spol. Broj hospitalizacija je evidentiran kroz dvije skupine: 1-2 hospitalizacije i višekratne hospitalizacije (>2). Podatci pokazuju kako se u ovakvom uzorku više od 90% svih bolesnika hospitalizira. Izrazita su višekratna hospitaliziranja muškaraca. Zaključak: U Klinici za psihijatriju KBC-a Split u razdoblju od 01.01.2015. do 30.09.2015. godine je ukupno kod 36 bolesnika utvrđena istovremena prisutnost simptoma depresije i alkoholizma. U uzorku je značajno veći broj muškaraca u odnosu na žene, a ujedno i viša relativna frekvencija bolesnika (muških) u srednjoj životnoj dobi. Prevalencija muškaraca može biti uvjetovana prevalencijom primarnog alkoholizma unutar uzorka. Depresija unutar uzorka bi stoga imala veći udio u sekundarnoj dijagnozi, a relativna frekvencija bolesnica u mlađoj i starijoj životnoj dobi moguće korespondira s takvom pretpostavkom. Prosječna životna dob u uzorku bolesnika bez obzira na spol se može povezati istodobno s progresijom alkoholne ovisnosti oko srednje životne dobi, kao i većoj zastupljenosti depresije u srednjoj i starijoj životnoj dobi. Većina bolesnika u uzorku je izložena raznim komorbidnim stanjima što može ukazivati na korespondenciju primarne dijagnoze s komorbidnim stanjima. Ovo je osobito značajno za muškarce kod kojih značajan udio boluje od PTSP-a. Veći broj bolesnika s višekratnom hospitalizacijom kod muškaraca može biti uvjetovan njihovim većim komorbiditetom unutar ispitivane grupe. Prema podatcima iz otpusnih pisama statističkom analizom nije moguće utvrditi primarnu dijagnozu psihičkog oboljenja pojedinog bolesnika/-ce te se ne može ustanoviti točan broj ili udio komorbiditetnih stanja alkoholizma i depresije u promatranom uzorku, već je u radu donešena opća pretpostavka kojom se obuvaća stanje grupe koju čine bolesnici s dijagnosticiranim stanjem alkoholizma i depresije u određenom razdoblju trajanja ovog istraživanja., Introduction and aim: Location of research was the Psychiatric Clinic at the Clinical Hospital Centre Split from 01/01/2015 to 30/09/2015. The aim of research in this paper is to determine the prevalence of comorbid conditions among patients who simultaneously suffer from alcohol abuse and depression as well as to determine the number of patients who suffered from depression which eventually developed to substance (alcohol) abuse (as a comorbid condition) or the number of patients suffering from alcohol abuse developing depression as a consequence of alcoholism (secondary depression). Primary outcome measures were to attempt to record the share of primary and secondary diagnoses in the operated group by using data on age and relation between the number of patients and gender, followed by the aim to see how additional comorbidities influence with primary diagnosis and repeated hospitalization. Examinees and methods: Examinees are patients with symptoms of depression and alcoholism occurring simultaneously and their medical history has been taken into consideration. The condition of patients has been diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and a standard psychiatric interview involving patient's personal and environmental circumstances was also conducted. In total, 36 patients were examined (26 men and 10 women). Organization of research included an analysis of medical history of patients treated during the period concerned by use discharging notes and their mental status also, on the basis of which are gathered data for this research paper: gender, age, other mental disorders (such as PTSD) and the parameter such as the number of hospitalizations. Results: The male: female ratio of patients was 2.6:1. When it comes to age structure, the majority of patients belong to the 51 - 60 age group. The average lifespan in the operated group regardless of gender is 54 and there is no statistically relevant difference in age between men and women. The frequency of male patients is more significant in the middle age groups. Twenty three male patients in total with a secondary comorbid condition, which makes 63.89% of the operated group. Out of the total number of examinees, ten men were diagnosed with PTSD, being a comorbid condition, along with depression and alcoholism. Total ratio of all examined comorbid disorders between genders is 4.75:1. Differences with regards to gender showed statistically irrelevant which indicates high prevalence of comorbidity regardless of gender. The number of hospitalizations has been recorded in two groups: 1 – 2 hospitalizations and repeated hospitalizations (>2). According to data, more than this 90% of patients in this operated group are hospitalized, male patients being more often readmissioned to the hospital than female. Conclusions: The research conducted in the Psychiatric Clinic at the Clinical Hospital Centre Split from 01/01/2015 to 30/09/2015 determined that 36 patients showed symptoms of depression and alcohol abuse simultaneously. Male patients significantly outnumber female patients in the operated group and have higher relative frequencies around middle-age group. Prevalence of male patients could be in relation to the prevalence of the primary alcoholics within the operated group. Therefore, depression is more likely to appear secondary to diagnosis in this operated group and the relative frequencies of female patients around young- and old-age group may correspond with that assumption. The average lifespan of the patients regardless of gender can be related both to the progression of alcohol abuse around middle-age and depression around young- and old-age group, respectively. Most patients in the operated group are exposed to a comorbid condition which may indicate the co-occurence of primary diagnosis with a comorbid condition. This is especially the case for males, many of which suffer from PTSD. A majority of the male patients who undergo recurrent admissions could be in relation with higher rate of male comorbidity inside the operating group. Medical history of the patients does not provide data on the exact number and ratio of alcohol abuse as a comorbid depression inside the operating group and it is neither possible to determine which of the two psychiatric disorders is a primary diagnose due to statistical analysis. So general assumption has been brought which covers state group consisting of patients with a diagnosed condition of depression and alcoholism in a given period of this study.