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Graphene oxide (GO) has been evaluated for application in environmental remediation and pollution control strategies. However, the side effects caused by the interactions of GO with classical pollutants in aquatic environments are still largely unknown. In this work, the ecotoxicological effects of GO, cadmium, zinc and the interactions between GO and these trace elements (co-exposure) were evaluated through acute toxicity tests and routine metabolism (i.e., oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion) in Palaemon pandaliformis (shrimp). After 96 h of exposure, GO did not present acute ecotoxicity at concentrations up to 5.0 mg L−1. However, the association of GO with Cd or Zn increased the toxicity of these trace elements as demonstrated by the decrease in LC50 values. The 96 h LC50 of Cd associated with GO was 1.7 times less than the 96 h LC50 of Cd alone. Similarly, the 96 h LC50 of Zn associated with GO was 1.8 times less than the 96 h LC50 of Zn alone. Additionally, the co-exposure of GO with trace elements impaired the routine metabolism of P. pandaliformis. Finally, the GO potentiated the ecotoxicological effects of Cd and Zn in the shrimp model. Future research on this emerging nanomaterial should focus on its use and disposal in aquatic ecosystems.

HIGHLIGHTS Fluoxetine increases the metabolic rate and excretion of ammonia in both species. O:N ratio in fish showed higher values in the highest concentrations of fluoxetine. The LC50 - 96 hour values of Palaemon pandaliformis represented greater toxicity. Both species are a good biological model for fluoxetine exposure studies.

The present study analyzes the population structure of Palaemon pandaliformis, based on sex ratio, the frequency distribution in defined size classes and the reproductive biology of samples captured in seasonal collections (winter 2011 to autumn 2012) with sieves under marginal vegetation. A total of 1,043 specimens were obtained, 222 juveniles, 465 males and 356 females, being that of this total of females, 58.42% were in the ovigerous condition. The average size of the carapace for both sexes varied between 4 and 6 mm (p> 0.05) only the ovigerous females had higher averages (p 0,05), apenas as fêmeas ovígeras apresentaram maiores médias (p

Palaemon pandalirformis (shrimp) is a species widely distributed in the Brazilian coastal region and with an important economic role. In addition, this organism is considered an indicator of environmental pollution in estuaries; however, its physiological responses to toxic environmental pollutants, including pesticides and nanomaterials, are not well known, mainly, the effects of co-exposure. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of co-exposure between oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (HNO3-MWCNT) and carbofuran pesticide on the routine metabolism of P. pandalirformis. The shrimps were exposed to different concentrations of HNO3-MWCNT (0; 10; 100; 500; 1000 μg L−1), carbofuran (0; 0.1; 1.0; 5.0; 10 μg L−1) and to co-exposure with 100 μg L−1 of HNO3-MWCNT + carbofuran (0; 0.1; 1.0; 5.0; 10 μg L−1), to evaluate the effects on metabolic rate (O2 consumption) and excretion of ammonia (NH4+NH3). Our results showed that the shrimps exposed to HNO3-MWCNT (10 μg L−1) increased the metabolic rate by 292% and the excretion of ammonia by 275%; those exposed to carbofuran (10 μg L−1) increased their metabolic rate by 162% and the excretion of ammonia by 425%; and with the co-exposure of HNO3-MWCNT + carbofuran there was also an increase in the metabolic rate by 317% and an excretion of ammonia by 433% when compared to control. These findings provides useful information toward better understanding the physiological responses of shrimps after combined exposure to nanomaterials and pesticides in aquatic environments.

Submitted by Victoria Correa da Silva (vic.yuki@hotmail.com) on 2019-03-20T13:16:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Síntese biogênica de nanopartículas de prata por fungos marinhos.pdf: 1257290 bytes, checksum: dbe1dd75e19690a64ae2b62a6f2a093a (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Disleide Silvia Valerio Gounella null (disleide@clp.unesp.br) on 2019-03-20T13:52:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_vc_me_svic.pdf: 1257290 bytes, checksum: dbe1dd75e19690a64ae2b62a6f2a093a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-20T13:52:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_vc_me_svic.pdf: 1257290 bytes, checksum: dbe1dd75e19690a64ae2b62a6f2a093a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-19 As nanopartículas de prata (AgNP) oriundas da síntese biológica são descritas na atualidade como os novos agentes nanobiotecnológicos com potencial aplicação industrial e ambiental, principalmente devido a reconhecida atividade antimicrobiana. Dentre os diferentes organismos capazes de biossintetizar AgNP, os fungos filamentosos (Ff) se destacam, devido ao rápido crescimento e fácil escalonamento. Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetivou selecionar Ff marinhos, capazes de biossintetizar AgNP, assim como, otimizar o processo de síntese avaliando a influência de da concentração de AgNO3, biomassa, agitação, temperatura e pH. Também foi avaliada capacidade antimicrobiana e potencial efeito tóxico em camarão de água doce Palaemon pandaliformis. Dentre 12 linhagens Ff selecionadas, 10 apresentaram capacidade em biossintetizar AgNP. As AgNP produzidas pelas linhagens Penicillium citrinum IB-CLP11, Penicillium sclerotigenum IB-CLP17, Aspergillus niger IB-CLP20 e Penicillium polonicum IB-CLP22 apresentaram banda de ressonância plasmônica superficial no espectro em comprimento de onda compreendido entre 410-450 nm, tamanho compreendido entre 1-100 nm, carga com valor em módulo até o limite de 30 mV, índice de polidispersão inferior a 0,3. Nos estudos de ação antibacteriana, todas as 4 AgNP apresentaram capacidade em inibir o crescimento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa IPT322, Staphylococcus aureus IPT246 e Klebsiella pneumoniae IPT412 em concentração igual ou superior a 50 μg·mL-1 . Com relação a ação antifúngica, Aspergillus niger IPT295 e Penicillium funiculosum IPT423 foram os mais sensíveis, apresentando as Concentrações inibitórias mínimas entre 20 a 40 µg·mL-1 .Com relação a influência de diferentes parâmetros na biossíntese de AgNP, concentrações de AgNO3 superiores a 1,0 mM desencadearam o aumento de tamanho dos nanomateriais e a AgNP IB-CLP22 apresentou instabilidade em um tempo inferior a 1 mês de armazenamento. Todas as linhagens apresentaram capacidade de biossintetizar os nanomateriais quando o valor de biomassa foi compreendido entre 75,0- 150,0 g·L-1 . Na avaliação da influência da agitação no processo de formação de AgNP, tanto em modo estático como em agitado as 4 linhagens produziram AgNP, contudo, as AgNP biossintetizadas em modo estático apresentaram maior tamanho quando comparadas a processos realizados com agitação de até 150 rpm. Também foi detectado um maior estado de agregação das AgNP produzidas a 200 rpm. Em adição, as AgNP IB-CLP11, IB-CLP17 e IBCLP22 produzidas em 200 rpm precipitaram após 3 meses de armazenamento. Ocorreu formação de todas as AgNP em temperaturas compreendidas entre 25-35 ºC. Contudo, foi observada uma instabilidade dos nanomateriais AgNP IB-CLP11 e IB-CLP22 em temperaturas superiores a 30 ºC. Em pH acima de 5,5 não ocorreu formação de AgNP para nenhuma das linhagens selecionadas. As AgNP produzidas em pH 4,5 apresentaram uma melhor estabilidade. De todas as AgNPs, a IB-CLP 11 apresentou um melhor conjunto de resultados sendo selecionada para os testes in vivo no metabolismo de rotina em Palaemon pandaliformis. Por fim, a exposição da AgNP IB-CLP11 em Palaemon pandaliformis apresentou alterações no metabolismo de rotina do organismo, quando compara ao grupo controle. Contudo, são necessários estudos complementares com AgNP sintéticas para efetivamente termos uma visão clara dos diferentes efeitos gerados no metabolismo de rotina do organismo supracitado. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) from biological synthesis are currently described as the new nanobiotechnological agents with potential industrial and environmental application, mainly due to their recognized antimicrobial activity. Among the different organisms capable of biosynthesizing AgNP, filamentous fungi (Ff) stand out because of the rapid growth and easy staggering. Thus, the present study aimed to select marine fungi from the collection of culture of the Institute of Biosciences- Campus littoral Paulista (IB-CLP) of the state of São Paulo, which is able to biosynthesize AgNP, as well as optimize the synthesis process by evaluating the influence of different physico-chemical parameters, such, as variations concentrations in AgNO3, biomass, agitation, temperature and pH. An antimicrobial capacity and potential toxic effect were also evaluated in freshwater shrimp Palaemon pandaliformis. Among 12 selected strains of fungi, 10 were able to biosynthesize AgNP. All AgNP were characterized according to the proposed parameters and after 6 months of stability analysis, 4 presented a set of promising characteristics for the accomplishment of the second stage of the study. The AgNP produced by the Penicillium citrinum IB-CLP11, Penicillium sclerotigenum IB-CLP17, Aspergillus niger IB-CLP20 and Penicillium polonicum IB-CLP22 strains have surface plasmonic resonance band (SPR) in the wavelength range of 410-450 nm, size between 1-100 nm, load with module value up to the limit of 30 mV, and polidispersity index (PDI) less than 0,3. In the antibacterial action studies, all 4 AgNPs were able to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IPT322, Staphylococcus aureus IPT246 and Klebsiella pneumoniae IPT412 in concentrations equal to or greater than 50 μg mL-1 . In relation to the antifungal action, Aspergillus niger IPT295 and Penicillium funiculosum IPT423 were the most sensitive, presenting minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) from 20 to 40 μg mL-1 . Regarding the influence of different parameters on AgNP biosynthesis, AgNO3 concentrations higher than 1,0 mM triggered the increase of nanomaterials size and the AgNP IB-CLP22 presented instability once to infer to 1 month of storage. All strains presented biosynthesis capabilities when the biomass value was between 75.0-150.0 g L-1 . In the evaluation of the agitation influence in the process of AgNP formation, in both static and agitated mode the four lines produced AgNP, however, the AgNP biosynthesized in static mode presented larger size when compared to processes carried out with agitation of up to 150 rpm. A higher aggregation state of AgNP produced at 200 rpm was also detected. In addition, AgNP IB-CLP11, IB-CLP17 and IB-CLP22 produced at 200 rpm precipitated after 3 months of storage. All AgNP formation occurred at temperatures between 25-35 ° C. However, an instability of AgNP IB-CLP11 and IB-CLP22 nanomaterials was observed at temperatures above 30 ° C. At pH above 5.5, no AgNP formation occurred for any of the selected strains. AgNPs produced at pH 4.5 showed better stability. Of all AgNP, the IB-CLP 11 demonstrated better stability according to data in Zeta Potential, therefore this was chosen for in vivo tests in routine metabolism in Palaemon pandaliformis. Finally, the exposure of AgNP IB-CLP11 to Palaemon pandaliformis presented alterations in the routine metabolism of the organism when compared to the control group. However, further studies with synthetic AgNP are needed to effectively have a clear view of the different effects generated in the routine metabolism of the aforementioned organism.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-03. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:33:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0104-64972018000100222.pdf: 2176102 bytes, checksum: 7d0bea2e2bcd6039bf8379c663354084 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) We determined the infestation rate of Probopyrus sp. in populations of Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) and P. northropi (Rankin, 1898) in the Ubatumirim River, localized in a mangrove ecosystem on Ubatumirim Beach, northern coast of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Samplings were carried out monthly from April 2003 to March 2004. Monthly prevalence varied from 0 to 4.94 % for P. pandahformis, and from 0 to 4.54 % for P. northropi. This is the first record of Probopyrus sp. infesting the studied species in this region. Species of Probopyrus (Giard and Bonnier, 1888) seem to have a high plasticity with regard to palaemonid hosts, as they can be parasites of shrimps in both Palaemon (Fabricius, 1798) and Macrobrachium (Spence Bate, 1868). The linear relationships between the parasite and host sizes suggest that the parasite infests both hosts early in their development. We concluded that the infestation of Probopyrus sp. has little impact on Palaemon populations, mostly due to the low prevalence of infestation. Univ Fed Piaui UFPI, Dept Biol, Ctr Ciencias Nat, Campus Minist Petronio Portella, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Grp Estudos Biol Ecol & Cult Crustaceos NEBECC, Dept Zool,Inst Biociencias, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Paulista UNIP, Curso Ciencias Biol, Bauru, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Zool, Inst Biociencias, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Grp Estudos Biol Ecol & Cult Crustaceos NEBECC, Dept Zool,Inst Biociencias, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 98/3234-6

Decapod crustaceans have independently invaded freshwater habitats from the sea/estuaries. Tissue hydration mechanisms are necessary for the initial stages of habitat transitions but can be expected to diminish, as the capacity for extracellular homeostasis increases in hololimnetic species. Six decapod species have been compared concerning the maintenance of muscle hydration in vitro: Hepatus pudibundus (marine); Palaemon pandaliformis (estuarine resident), Macro- brachium acanthurus (freshwater diadromous), and the three hololimnetic Macrobrachium potiuna, Dilocarcinus pagei, and Aegla parana. The effects of inhibitors of potassium channels (barium chloride) and NKCC (furosemide) were evaluated under isosmotic, and respectively hypo- (50% below iso) or hyper- (50% above iso) conditions. There was high muscle hydration control in H. pudibundus with a possible role of NKCC in isosmotic conditions. Shrimps consistently showed small deviations in muscle hydration under anisosmotic conditions; P. pandaliformis has shown evidenceofthepresenceofNKCC;M.potiunawasthespecieslessaffectedbybothinhibitors,under iso- or anisosmotic conditions. In the two hololimnetic crab species, both independent long-time inhabitants of freshwater, while the capacity to deal with hyper-osmotic shock is decreased, the capacity to deal with hyposmotic shock is retained, possibly because of hemolymph dilution during molting in fresh water. D. pagei apparently depends on potassium channels for volume recovery after swelling, whereas A. parana shows some dependence on NKCC to minimize volume loss in hyper-osmotic conditions. Although no molecular screening techniques have been tried here, data point to distinct cell/tissue transport mechanisms acting upon hydration/volume challenges in decapods of different habitats and lineages. J. Exp. Zool. 9999A:1-13, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. How to cite this article: Freire CA, Souza-Bastos LR, Amado EM, Prodocimo V, Souza MM. 2013. Regulation of muscle hydration upon hypo- or hyper-osmotic shocks: Differences related to

This study comprises the description of relative growth and sexual maturity of a population of Palaemon pandaliformis Stimpson, 1871 in Salsa River (Northeastern Brazil). Samples were collected monthly between September 2009 and August 2010. Females were larger, heavier, and showed a greater allometric coefficient (b) than male specimens. Only carapace length vs. pleura length in females presented a significant difference in the relative growth pattern, indicating a puberty moult. This relationship is strictly correlated to reproduction and its success rate in female shrimps. Estimated carapace length in 50% of mature females (CL50) was 4.53 mm. It was not possible to compare obtained CL50 results due to a lack of studies on this species. Comparison was based on the size of the smallest captured ovigerous female (3.81 CL mm), which is within the scope of recorded size for estuaries located in higher latitudes. This study reveals the lack of research on this genre in freshwater environments on a national and global scale. Foram descritos o crescimento relativo e a maturidade sexual de uma população de Palaemon pandaliformis Stimpson, 1871 do rio Salsa (Nordeste do Brasil). As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente entre setembro de 2009 e agosto de 2010. As fêmeas foram maiores, mais pesadas e exibiram um coeficiente alométrico (b) maior que os machos. Apenas a relação comprimento de carapaça vs. comprimento de pleura nas fêmeas, apresentou uma diferença significativa no padrão de crescimento relativo, evidenciando a muda da puberdade. Esta relação é estritamente correlacionada aos eventos reprodutivos e ao sucesso deste em fêmeas de carídeos. O comprimento da carapaça em que 50% das fêmeas estão maduras (CL50) foi estimado em 4,53 mm. Não foi possível comparar os resultados de CL50 obtidos devido à falta de estudos enfocando a espécie. A comparação foi feita através do tamanho da menor fêmea ovígera capturada (3,81 CL mm), o qual está dentro da amplitude de tamanho registrada para estuários localizados em latitudes mais elevadas. Este trabalho aponta a falta de estudos para este gênero em ambientes dulceaquícolas, uma vez que estes são raros, mesmo em escala nacional e global.

The reproductive biology of Palaemon pandaliformis was investigated in the estuaries of the Comprido and Ubatumirim rivers at Ubatuba, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, by means of samples obtained from April 2003 to March 2004. Samples were collected monthly, using sieves, which were passed several times under the marginal vegetation. In the laboratory, the sex of each shrimp was assessed and the carapace length (CL, mm) measured. Ovigerous females were separated and counted for determination of fecundity. The egg diameter was measured with a calibrated micrometer scale under an stereo-microscope. The breeding period was seasonal in the Comprido River Estuary, and continuous throughout the year in the Ubatumirim River estuary. The mean size of ovigerous females was higher in the population in the Comprido River (5.90±0.68 mm CL ±sd) than in the Ubatumirim River (5.50±0.58 mm). The most intense reproductive period of P. pandaliformis was from October 2003 to March 2004 for bo h estuaries. The mean fecu...

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:26:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-46702016000600501.pdf: 1682240 bytes, checksum: ca601bfdc73064b28e298d412b39b6b4 (MD5) Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior FAPESB Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Population biology, growth and reproductive aspects of the amphidromous shrimp Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) were investigated in a Neotropical river of northeastern Brazil. The specimens were collected every month from September 2009 to August 2010. Total and monthly sex ratios deviated in favour of males. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters indicated that the females grew more rapidly, reached larger sizes, and had a longer life span than males. We also observed continuous reproductive activity and juvenile recruitment throughout the year. Relations between the number of eggs (fecundity) and body size indicated that fecundity in females increase with size. Compared with previous results, some population biology parameters of the freshwater population of P. pandaliformis differ from estuarine populations. The reproductive aspects analyzed here and their comparison with other marine species were consistent with the hypothesis that Palaemonidae species are undergoing an adaptation process and colonizing fresh water environments. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol Aplicada, Invertebrate Morphol Lab, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Ecol Bent, Campus Soane Nazare Andrade,m 16, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Biol Aplicada, Invertebrate Morphol Lab, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil FAPESB: FAPESB BOL1885/2009 FAPESB: BOL2344/2011 CNPq: 180342/2009-6

The embryonic development of four species of the family Palaemonidae was studied under laboratory conditions. Adults of Macrobrachium olfersi (Wiegman, 1836), Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880), Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) and Palaemonetes argentinus (Nobili, 1901) were collected in Santa Catarina Island, Santa Catarina, Brazil and maintained at 26ºC. The following embryonic characters were analyzed: egg shape, yolk organization and cleavage plane, naupliar and post-naupliar appendages, stomodeum, optical lobes, eyes, telson, embryo curvature and the space occupied by the embryo in the egg. Different rates of development were observed for the four species, with M. potiuna showing the longest time of embryogenesis. The species studied followed the pattern of embryogenesis of centrolecithal eggs, enabling the identification of similar features of the development, and the establishment of eight common embryonic stages.Foi estudado o desenvolvimento embrionário de quatro espécies de Palaemonidae em condições controladas de laboratório. Adultos de Macrobrachium olfersi (Wiegman, 1836), Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880), Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) e Palaemonetes argentinus (Nobili, 1901) foram coletados na Ilha de Santa Catarina, SC, Brasil e mantidos à temperatura de 26ºC. Foram analisadas as seguintes características embrionárias: forma do ovo, organização do vitelo e planos de clivagem, apêndices naupliares e pós-naupliares, estomodeo, lobos ópticos, olhos, telson, curvatura do embrião e o espaço ocupado pelo embrião no ovo. Diferentes ritmos de desenvolvimento foram observados espécies, sendo que M. potiuna mostrou o maior tempo de embriogênese. As espécies seguem o padrão de embriogênese de ovos centrolécitos, sendo identificadas características similares do desenvolvimento, possibilitando o estabelecimento de oito estágios embrionários, comuns as quatro espécies.

The reproductive aspects of the freshwater shrimp Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) were studied from March, 1998 to February, 1999. Monthly, samples were collected with sives, on the river edge, under the edging vegetation or in small pools. At the laboratory, shrimps were sexed and measured in their total lenght, from the tip of the rostrum to the of telson with precision callipters. The ovigerous shrimps were separated and counted for fecundity determination. The eggs diameter was measured with calibrated stereomicroscope. A total of 872 were collected among which, 46% female, 29% male and 25% juvenil. The sex ratio was 1:1.57. Ovigerous females were present during all seasons, but the reproductive peak accurred in Spring. The ovigerous female showed total lenght from 23.0 to 39.6 mm. The mean fecundity was 137 eggs per female, with a minimum of 40 eggs and a maximum of 270 eggs. The first sexual maturation probably occur at 23.0 mm total lenght. The mean diameter os the eggs size was 0.51 mm (minor) and 0.73 mm (major).

The reproductive aspects of the freshwater shrimp Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) were studied from March, 1998 to February, 1999. Monthly, samples were collected with sives, on the river edge, under the edging vegetation or in small pools. At the laboratory, shrimps were sexed and measured in their total lenght, from the tip of the rostrum to the of telson with precision callipters. The ovigerous shrimps were separated and counted for fecundity determination. The eggs diameter was measured with calibrated stereomicroscope. A total of 872 were collected among which, 46% female, 29% male and 25% juvenil. The sex ratio was 1:1.57. Ovigerous females were present during all seasons, but the reproductive peak accurred in Spring. The ovigerous female showed total lenght from 23.0 to 39.6 mm. The mean fecundity was 137 eggs per female, with a minimum of 40 eggs and a maximum of 270 eggs. The first sexual maturation probably occur at 23.0 mm total lenght. The mean diameter os the eggs size was 0.51 mm (minor) and 0.73 mm (major).

The macrocrustaceans occupy the shallow waters of Mundau/Manguaba lagoonal system, located in Maceio, AL, northeastern Brazil, were studied from May 1988 to April 1989. Samples were taken with a beach seine. It was collected 15 species belonging to 6 genera and 3 families. Dominant species in number were: Palaemon pandaliformis, followed by Macrobrachium acanthurus and Callinectes danae. Dominant species in biomass were: C. danae, followed by C. bocourti, P. pandaliformis, M. acanthurus and C. ornatus. Dominant species occurred throughout the year and in most stations. Cluster analysis based on the abundance by month and stations showed the presence of two main group of species: Group I dominated by portunids, and group II dominated mainly by palaemonids. As macrocrustaceans are important fishery resources inside the estuarine area, its necessary the development of a better management plan for local authorities in order to guarantee the renewal of stocks.

[The larval development of the palaemonid prawn Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) was followed under laboratory conditions. Metamorphosis to postlarvae was first observed 19 days after hatching at a temperature of 27± 1°C in freshwater, after passing through seven larval stages. It was also possible to obtain postlarvae after eight, nine, and ten larval stages. The pattern of development is discussed in relation to other Palaemon species with a similar number of larval stages. This is the only species in the genus with the third pereiopod appearing as a rudimentary bud in the first larval stage., The larval development of the palaemonid prawn Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) was followed under laboratory conditions. Metamorphosis to postlarvae was first observed 19 days after hatching at a temperature of 27± 1°C in freshwater, after passing through seven larval stages. It was also possible to obtain postlarvae after eight, nine, and ten larval stages. The pattern of development is discussed in relation to other Palaemon species with a similar number of larval stages. This is the only species in the genus with the third pereiopod appearing as a rudimentary bud in the first larval stage.]

Biometric and reproductive aspects of Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) from Ratones Mangrove, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, have been investigated. Individuals were monthly collected from August, 91 to July, 93 and the temperature and salinity registered. Biometry, sex-ratio, sexual maturity, fecundity and reproductive cycle have been determined. The temperature showed defined temporal distribution. This species presents animal reproductive cycle, relatively high individual and populational fecundity, and the ovigerous females were larger than males and other females of the same species.

Biometric and reproductive aspects of Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) from Ratones Mangrove, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, have been investigated. Individuals were monthly collected from August, 91 to July, 93 and the temperature and salinity registered. Biometry, sex-ratio, sexual maturity, fecundity and reproductive cycle have been determined. The temperature showed defined temporal distribution. This species presents animal reproductive cycle, relatively high individual and populational fecundity, and the ovigerous females were larger than males and other females of the same species.

Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) Leander pandaliformis Stimpson, 1871: 130. Material examined. 28 m, 5 f, 07.V. 2008, Canavieiras, Patipe River, MZUESC 1238; 9 m, 18.III. 2007, Mucuri, mouth of Mucuri River, St. 1, MZUESC 799. See also report by Almeida et al. (2006). Distribution. Cuba, Puerto Rico, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela and Brazil (from Rio Grande do Norte to Rio Grande do Sul, including Minas Gerais) (Melo 2003). Ecological notes. Individuals were collected in estuaries, on sand and mud, under stones, on submerged wood and plant debris and among marginal vegetation. Salinity range: 9���12 psu. Previous records. Ilh��us [Almeida et al. 2006, 2008a, as Palaemon (Palaemon) pandaliformis]., Published as part of Almeida, Alexandre O., Boehs, Guisla, Ara��jo-Silva, Catarina L. & Bezerra, Luis Ernesto A., 2012, Shallow-water caridean shrimps from southern Bahia, Brazil, including the first record of Synalpheus ul (R��os & Duffy, 2007) (Alpheidae) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 3347 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214608, {"references":["Stimpson, W. (1871) Notes on North American Crustacea, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. No. III. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History in New York, 10, 119 - 163. [preprint issued in 1871, paper in bound volume in 1874 with page numbers 92 - 136]","Melo, G. A. S. (2003) Familias Atyidae, Palaemonidae e Sergestidae. In: Melo, G. A. S. (Ed.), Manual de identificacao dos Crustacea Decapoda de agua doce do Brasil. Edicoes Loyola, Sao Paulo, p. 289 - 415."]}

Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) Leander pandaliformis Stimpson, 1871: 66. Palaemon (Leander) pandaliformis Thallwitz, 1892: 12. Palaemon (Palaemon) pandaliformis Holthuis, 1950 a: 7, 1952: 187; Chace, 1972: 21; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 145; Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1989: 893, 1999: 314; Ramos-Porto & Coelho, 1998: 336; Melo, 2003: 376; Almeida et al., 2006: 8. Palaemon pandaliformis Ramos-Porto, 1980: 296; Costa et al., 2000: 779; Coelho et al., 2006: 50. Material examined. CEAR��: Fortaleza, Rio Coc��, 3 males, 3 females, (MNRJ- 15345); PERNAMBUCO: Pernambuco, 1 male, 1 female, 4 ovigerous females, (MNRJ- 1045); ESP��RITO SANTO: S��o Mateus, Lagoa Juparan��, 3 females, 4 ovigerous females, (MNRJ- 1041); Linhares, Lagoa Juparan��, 9 females, 1 indeterminte, (MZUSP- 735); Linhares, Lagoa Nova, 17 males, 9 females, 32 ovigerous females, 9 indeterminate, (MZUSP- 740); RIO DE JANEIRO: Lagoa do Campelo, 1 male, (MNRJ- 2291); Rio Para��ba, 6 males, (MZUSP- 1955); Rio Para��ba, 5 males, 3 females, 11 ovigerous females, (MZUSP- 1956); Pavuna, Rio Pavuna, 2 males, 1 female, 3 ovigerous females, (MNRJ- 1040); Rio de Janeiro, Barra da Tijuca, 3 ovigerous females, (MNRJ- 998); Rio Mambucaba, Rodovia Rio-Santos, 1 male, 2 females, (MNRJ- 4402); Rio do Frade, Rodovia Rio-Santos, 4 males, 14 females, 1 ovigerous female, (MNRJ- 976); Angra dos Reis, Rio Saco, 5 males, 1 female, (MNRJ- 893); Angra dos Reis, Praia do Frade, 12 males, 4 females, 2 ovigerous females, (MNRJ- 1038); S��O PAULO: Pariquera-A��u, (24 �� 37 ��� 87 ���S, 47 �� 44 ��� 43 ���W), 5 males, 2 females, 7 ovigerous females, (MZUSP- 15800); Praia das Pitangueiras, Riacho do Canto, 4 males, 5 females, 2 ovigerous females, (MZUSP- 11078); Ubatuba, Rio Indaia, 8 males, 10 females, 22 ovigerous females, (MZUSP- 7470); Ilha Comprida, Rio Capivar��, 5 males, 4 females, 3 ovigerous females, (MZUSP- 13949); Canan��ia, 2 females, 2 ovigerous females, (MZUSP- 13595); Canan��ia, 2 females, 1 ovigerous female, 4 indeterminate, (MZUSP- 6488); Ilha do Cardoso, Rio Pedro Luiz, 3 males, 2 females, (MZUSP- 13932); PARAN��: Ba��a de Paranagu��, 2 indeterminates, (FURG- 2308); SANTA CATARINA: Praia do Perequ��, 2 males, 4 females, (MNRJ- 1044); Florian��polis, 3 ovigerous females, (MZUSP- 9086); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Tramanda��, Lagoa da Cust��dia, 9 males, 6 females, (FURG- 2478). Diagnosis. Rostrum slender, having distal part slightly directed upwards, overreaching scaphocerite, dorsal margin with 5 to 7 teeth at proximal part and 1 or 2 teeth at distal part, ventral margin with 5 to 8 teeth. Second pair of pereopods reaching with half of carpus beyond scaphocerite, fingers shorter than palm, carpus longer than merus. Distribution. Western Atlantic Ocean: Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Cuba, Porto Rico, Virgin Islands, Barbados, Venezuela, Trinidad e Tobago, Brazil (Cear��, Rio Grande do Norte, Para��ba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Esp��rito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, S��o Paulo, Paran��, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)., Published as part of Ferreira, Rodrigo Sim��es, Vieira, Rony Roberto Ramos & D'Incao, Fernando, 2010, The marine and estuarine shrimps of the Palaemoninae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from Brazil, pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 2606 on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.197695, {"references":["Stimpson, W. (1871) Notes on North American crustacea in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. N ° III. Annals of Lyceum of Natural History, 10, 92 - 136.","Thallwitz, J. (1892) Decapoden-Studien, insbesondere basirt auf A. B. Meyers's Sammlungen im Ostindischen Archipel, nebst einer Aufzahlung der Deacapoden und Stomatopoden des Dresdener Museums. Abhandlungen und Berichte de Koniglichen Zoologischen und Antropologisch-Ethnographiscken Museums zu Dresden, 3, 1 - 56.","Holthuis, L. B. (1950 a) The Palaemonidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius Expeditions with Remarks on other Species. I. Subfamily Palaemoninae. The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition. Part X. Siboga Expeditie, 39 a 9, 268 p.","Chace, F. (1972) The shrimps of the Smithsonian Caribbean Expeditions with a summary of the west Indian shallowwaters species (Crustacea, Decapoda, Natantia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 98, 1 - 179.","Coelho, P. A. & Ramos, M. A. (1972) A constituicao e a distribuicao da fauna de decapodos do litoral leste da America do Sul entre as latitudes de 5 ° N e 39 ° S. Trabalhos Oceanograficos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 13, 133 - 236.","Bond-Buckup, G. & Buckup, L. (1989) Os Palaemonidae de aguas continentais do Brasil meridional (Crustacea, Decapoda). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Curitiba, 49, 883 - 896.","Ramos-Porto, M. & Coelho, P. A. (1998) Malacostraca. Eucarida. Caridea (Alpheoidea excluded): 325 - 350. In: Young, P. S. (Ed.). Catalogue of crustacea of Brazil. Serie Livros, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 6.","Melo, G. A. S. (2003) Manual de identificacao dos crustacea decapoda de agua doce do Brasil. Edicoes Loyola, Sao Paulo, 429 p.","Ramos-Porto, M. (1980) Estudo ecologico da Regiao de Itamaraca, Pernambuco, Brasil. VII Crustaceos decapodos natantes. Trabalhos Oceanograficos da Universidade Federal do Pernambuco, 15, 277 - 310.","Costa, R. C., Fransozo, A., Mantelatto, F. L. M. & Castro, R. H. (2000) Occurrence of shrimp species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Natantia: Penaeidea and Caridea) in Ubatuba Bay, Ubatuba, SP, Brazil. Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington, 113, 776 - 781."]}

The reproductive aspects of the freshwater shrimp Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) were studied from March, 1998 to February, 1999. Monthly, samples were collected with sives, on the river edge, under the edging vegetation or in small pools. At the laboratory, shrimps were sexed and measured in their total lenght, from the tip of the rostrum to the of telson with precision callipters. The ovigerous shrimps were separated and counted for fecundity determination. The eggs diameter was measured with calibrated stereomicroscope. A total of 872 were collected among which, 46% female, 29% male and 25% juvenil. The sex ratio was 1:1.57. Ovigerous females were present during all seasons, but the reproductive peak accurred in Spring. The ovigerous female showed total lenght from 23.0 to 39.6 mm. The mean fecundity was 137 eggs per female, with a minimum of 40 eggs and a maximum of 270 eggs. The first sexual maturation probably occur at 23.0 mm total lenght. The mean diameter os the eggs size was 0.51 mm (minor) and 0.73 mm (major).

Biological aspects of palemonids, collected from March, 91 to December, 95 in the Ratones Hidrographic Basin, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, have been investigated. Individuals of different sizes of Macrobrachium acanthurus (Weigmann, 1836), Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758), Macrobrachium olfersii (Weigmann, 1836), Macrobrachium potiuna (Müller, 1880), Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili, 1901 and Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871) were registered. These prawns, showed reproductive strategies, typical of the Palaemonidae (Rafinesque, 1815), associated to species particularities, and seem to adapt to different environmental conditions.

The effect of salinity variation (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35‰S) on survival, moulting and respiratory metabolism of the early zoeal stages of the shrimps Palaemon pandaliformis and P. northropi from the northern coast of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil is investigated. Freshly hatched larvae were maintained at 20 °C, in each salinity for a maximum of seven days. Oxygen consumption measurements were made at 20 ° C for each salinity using Cartesian diver microrespirometers. In 0‰ S, all P. northropi zoeae died after 24 h while 24% of the P. pandaliformis zoeae survived until 4 days. Zoeae of both species survived poorly in 7‰ S, the best survival for the two species (90%) being registered in 28‰ S. Palaemon northropi zoeae did not survive 35‰ S while 45% survival was recorded for P. pandaliformis zoeae in this medium after seven days. Moulting did not occur in zoeae of either species in 0‰ S, nor in P. northropi in 7‰ S. The metabolism-salinity curve for P. pandaliformis zoea I is very stable over the range 0–21‰ S while that for P. northropi exhibits complete salinity independence from 21–35‰S. Thus, while the early zoeal stages, at least, are conspecific, both developing in the same environment as part of the coastal zooplankton community, they clearly maintain distinct physiological characteristics. The data presented possibly reflect genetic adaptations to the adult biotope already manifested in the first zoeae.

The present contribution is a preliminary report on the freshwater caridean fauna of Bocas del Toro province, northeastern Panama, based on field collections carried out during a Shrimp Taxonomy Workshop at the STRI station in Bocas del Toro in August 2008. A total of eight species from two families, Atyidae and Palaemonidae, were collected at 17 different collection sites in the rivers, streams and ponds on several islands of the Bocas del Toro archipelago and the adjacent mainland. The species reported herein are Atya scabra (Leach, 1815), Jonga serrei (Bouvier, 1909), Micratya poeyi (Guérin-Méneville, 1855), Potimirim glabra (Kingsley, 1878), P. potimirim (Müller, 1881) (Atyidae), Palaemon pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871), Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836) and M. crenulatum Holthuis, 1950 (Palaemonidae). The record of J. serrei is the first for Panama, and M. poeyi and P. glabra the first for Bocas del Toro province.