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Angesichts des derzeitigen Aufforstungs- und Wiederaufforstungsmanagements in Rumänien wird der Prozess der Erneuerung des Aufforstungsparadigmas analysiert. Die meisten Managementsysteme verwenden eine iterative Methode zur Verbesserung der Ergebnisse. In Anbetracht der klassischen Phasen Plan-Do-Check-Adjust wird das Waldmanagementsystem in Stücke gebrochen, um mögliche Lücken von der Planung bis hin zu Systemanpassungen hinsichtlich der Aufforstung in Rumänien aufzuzeigen. Die offiziellen Datenberichte, die nationalen Statistiken und die Forstvorschriften sind ein Beweis für ein System, das sich nicht weiterentwickelt. Die schwache Integration europaweiter Kriterien und Indikatoren für eine nachhaltige Waldbewirtschaftung, das Fehlen eines soliden Planungssystems und die unzureichende Zugangsmöglichkeit zu europäischen Mitteln werden als große Lücken angesehen. Der gesamte Rahmen der Aufforstung und Wiederaufforstung sollte überarbeitet werden, um den jüngsten Realitäten und Zielen (sozial, wirtschaftlich, ökologisch) gerecht zu werden. Gegenwärtig schmiedet die rumänische Waldbewirtschaftung die Wälder von morgen mit den für die kommunistische Ära angepassten Vorschriften, ohne aktualisierte Ziele in Bezug auf soziale Bedürfnisse, wirtschaftlichen Nutzen, Klimaschutz oder die neuen Arten von Immobilien zu berücksichtigen. Es wurden mehrere Vorschläge zur Verbesserung des Aufforstungs- und Wiederaufforstungsrahmens gemacht., Considering the present state of afforestation and reforestation management in Romania, the process of renewing the forestation paradigm is analysed. Most of the management systems use an iterative method of improving the outcomes. Considering the classical phases Plan-Do-Check-Adjust, the forest management system is broken into pieces in order to reveal potential gaps from planning to system adjustments regarding forestation in Romania. The official data reports, national statistics and forest regulations represent evidences of a system that fails to progress. The weak integration of Pan-European criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management, the lack of a robust planning system and the poor capacity of accessing European funds are considered major gaps. The whole framework of afforestation and reforestation should be revised to comply with recent realities and objectives (social, economic, environmental). At present time Romanian forest management still forges tomorrow's forests using regulations fitted to communist era, without taking into account updated objectives regarding social needs, economic benefits, climate change mitigation or the new types of property. Several suggestions for improving the afforestation and reforestation framework were provided., Compte tenu de l'état actuel de la gestion du boisement et du reboisement en Roumanie, le processus de renouvellement du paradigme de boisement est analysé. La plupart des systèmes de gestion utilisent une méthode itérative d'amélioration des résultats. Compte tenu des phases classiques Plan-Do-Check-Adjust, le système de gestion forestière est fragmenté afin de révéler les lacunes potentielles de la planification aux ajustements du système en matière de boisement en Roumanie. Les rapports de données officiels, les statistiques nationales et les réglementations forestières sont la preuve d'un système qui ne progresse pas. La faible intégration des critères et indicateurs paneuropéens pour la gestion durable des forêts, l'absence d'un système de planification robuste et la faible capacité d'accès aux fonds européens sont considérées comme des lacunes majeures. L'ensemble du cadre de boisement et de reboisement devrait être revu pour tenir compte des réalités et des objectifs récents (sociaux, économiques, environnementaux). À l'heure actuelle, la gestion forestière roumaine forge encore les forêts de demain en appliquant des règles adaptées à l'ère communiste, sans tenir compte d'objectifs actualisés en matière de besoins sociaux, d'avantages économiques, d'atténuation des effets du changement climatique ou de nouveaux types de propriétés. Plusieurs suggestions visant à améliorer le cadre de boisement et de reboisement ont été fournies.

Angesichts des derzeitigen Aufforstungs- und Wiederaufforstungsmanagements in Rumänien wird der Prozess der Erneuerung des Aufforstungsparadigmas analysiert. Die meisten Managementsysteme verwenden eine iterative Methode zur Verbesserung der Ergebnisse. In Anbetracht der klassischen Phasen Plan-Do-Check-Adjust wird das Waldmanagementsystem in Stücke gebrochen, um mögliche Lücken von der Planung bis hin zu Systemanpassungen hinsichtlich der Aufforstung in Rumänien aufzuzeigen. Die offiziellen Datenberichte, die nationalen Statistiken und die Forstvorschriften sind ein Beweis für ein System, das sich nicht weiterentwickelt. Die schwache Integration europaweiter Kriterien und Indikatoren für eine nachhaltige Waldbewirtschaftung, das Fehlen eines soliden Planungssystems und die unzureichende Zugangsmöglichkeit zu europäischen Mitteln werden als große Lücken angesehen. Der gesamte Rahmen der Aufforstung und Wiederaufforstung sollte überarbeitet werden, um den jüngsten Realitäten und Zielen (sozial, wirtschaftlich, ökologisch) gerecht zu werden. Gegenwärtig schmiedet die rumänische Waldbewirtschaftung die Wälder von morgen mit den für die kommunistische Ära angepassten Vorschriften, ohne aktualisierte Ziele in Bezug auf soziale Bedürfnisse, wirtschaftlichen Nutzen, Klimaschutz oder die neuen Arten von Immobilien zu berücksichtigen. Es wurden mehrere Vorschläge zur Verbesserung des Aufforstungs- und Wiederaufforstungsrahmens gemacht., Considering the present state of afforestation and reforestation management in Romania, the process of renewing the forestation paradigm is analysed. Most of the management systems use an iterative method of improving the outcomes. Considering the classical phases Plan-Do-Check-Adjust, the forest management system is broken into pieces in order to reveal potential gaps from planning to system adjustments regarding forestation in Romania. The official data reports, national statistics and forest regulations represent evidences of a system that fails to progress. The weak integration of Pan-European criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management, the lack of a robust planning system and the poor capacity of accessing European funds are considered major gaps. The whole framework of afforestation and reforestation should be revised to comply with recent realities and objectives (social, economic, environmental). At present time Romanian forest management still forges tomorrow's forests using regulations fitted to communist era, without taking into account updated objectives regarding social needs, economic benefits, climate change mitigation or the new types of property. Several suggestions for improving the afforestation and reforestation framework were provided., Compte tenu de l'état actuel de la gestion du boisement et du reboisement en Roumanie, le processus de renouvellement du paradigme de boisement est analysé. La plupart des systèmes de gestion utilisent une méthode itérative d'amélioration des résultats. Compte tenu des phases classiques Plan-Do-Check-Adjust, le système de gestion forestière est fragmenté afin de révéler les lacunes potentielles de la planification aux ajustements du système en matière de boisement en Roumanie. Les rapports de données officiels, les statistiques nationales et les réglementations forestières sont la preuve d'un système qui ne progresse pas. La faible intégration des critères et indicateurs paneuropéens pour la gestion durable des forêts, l'absence d'un système de planification robuste et la faible capacité d'accès aux fonds européens sont considérées comme des lacunes majeures. L'ensemble du cadre de boisement et de reboisement devrait être revu pour tenir compte des réalités et des objectifs récents (sociaux, économiques, environnementaux). À l'heure actuelle, la gestion forestière roumaine forge encore les forêts de demain en appliquant des règles adaptées à l'ère communiste, sans tenir compte d'objectifs actualisés en matière de besoins sociaux, d'avantages économiques, d'atténuation des effets du changement climatique ou de nouveaux types de propriétés. Plusieurs suggestions visant à améliorer le cadre de boisement et de reboisement ont été fournies.

Considering the present state of afforestation and reforestation management in Romania, the process of renewing the forestation paradigm is analysed. Most of the management systems use an iterative method of improving the outcomes. Considering the classical phases Plan-Do-Check-Adjust, the forest management system is broken into pieces in order to reveal potential gaps from planning to system adjustments regarding forestation in Romania. The official data reports, national statistics and forest regulations represent evidences of a system that fails to progress. The weak integration of PanEuropean criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management, the lack of a robust planning system and the poor capacity of accessing European funds are considered major gaps. The whole framework of afforestation and reforestation should be revised to comply with recent realities and objectives (social, economic, environmental). At present time Romanian forest management still forges tomorrow’s forests using regulations fitted to communist era, without taking into account updated objectives regarding social needs, economic benefits, climate change mitigation or the new types of property. Several suggestions for improving the afforestation and reforestation framework were provided., {"references":["Palaghianu, C. (2018). Afforestation and reforestation management in Romania ‐ migrating to sustainability and responsibility. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference Integrated Management of Environmental Resources, (3), 46-52.","Palaghianu, C., & Dutca, I. (2017). Afforestation and reforestation in Romania: History, current practice and future perspectives. REFORESTA,(4), 54- 68.","Palaghianu C, Nichiforel L (2016) Between perceptions and precepts in the dialogue on Romanian forests. Bucov. For. 16(1): 3-8."]}

Significant gaps remain in understanding the response of plant reproduction to environmental change. This is partly because measuring reproduction in long-lived plants requires direct observation over many years and such datasets have rarely been made publicly available. Here we introduce MASTREE+, a data set that collates reproductive time-series data from across the globe and makes these data freely available to the community. MASTREE+ includes 73,828 georeferenced observations of annual reproduction (e.g. seed and fruit counts) in perennial plant populations worldwide. These observations consist of 5971 population-level time-series from 974 species in 66 countries. The mean and median time-series length is 12.4 and 10 years respectively, and the data set includes 1122 series that extend over at least two decades (≥20 years of observations). For a subset of well-studied species, MASTREE+ includes extensive replication of time-series across geographical and climatic gradients. Here we describe the open-access data set, available as a.csv file, and we introduce an associated web-based app for data exploration. MASTREE+ will provide the basis for improved understanding of the response of long-lived plant reproduction to environmental change. Additionally, MASTREE+ will enable investigation of the ecology and evolution of reproductive strategies in perennial plants, and the role of plant reproduction as a driver of ecosystem dynamics. EEA Santa Cruz Fil: Hacket-Pain, Andrew. University of Liverpool. School of Environmental Sciences. Department of Geography and Planning; Reino Unido Fil: Foest, Jessie J. University of Liverpool. School of Environmental Sciences. Department of Geography and Planning; Reino Unido Fil: Pearse, Ian S. U.S. Fort Collins Science Center. Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: LaMontagne, Jalene M. DePaul University. Department of Biological Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Koenig, Walter D. University of California Berkeley. Hastings Reservation; Estados Unidos Fil: Vacchiano, Giorgio. University of Milan. Milan Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Italia. Fil: Bogdziewicz, Michał. Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Biology. Institute of Environmental Biology; Polonia Fil: Bogdziewicz, Michał. University Grenoble Alpes. INRAE, LESSEM; Francia Fil: Caignard, Thomas. Université Bordeaux. INRAE, BIOGECO; Francia Fil: Celebias, Paulina. Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Biology. Institute of Environmental Biology; Polonia Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Ascoli, Davide. University of Torino. Department of Agricultural. Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA); Italia Fil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Marchelli, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentina

Tree masting is one of the most intensively studied ecological processes. It affects nutrient fluxes of trees, regeneration dynamics in forests, animal population densities, and ultimately influences ecosystem services. Despite a large volume of research focused on masting, its evolutionary ecology, spatial and temporal variability and environmental drivers are still matter of debate. Understanding the proximate and ultimate causes of masting at broad spatial and temporal scales will enable us to predict tree reproductive strategies and their response to changing environment. Here we provide broad spatial (distribution range-wide) and temporal (century) masting data for the two main masting tree species in Europe, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). We collected masting data from a total of 359 sources through an extensive literature review and from unpublished surveys. The dataset has a total of 1747 series and 18348 yearly observations from 28 countries and covering a time span of years 1677-2016 and 1791-2016 for beech and spruce, respectively. For each record, the following information is available: identification code; species; year of observation; proxy of masting (flower, pollen, fruit, seed, dendrochronological reconstructions); statistical data type (ordinal, continuous); data value; unit of measurement (only in case of continuous data); geographical location (country, Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics NUTS-1 level, municipality, coordinates); first and last record year and related length; type of data source (field survey, peer reviewed scientific literature, grey literature, personal observation); source identification code; date when data were added to the database; comments. To provide a ready-to-use masting index we harmonized ordinal data into five classes. Furthermore, we computed an additional field where continuous series with length >4 years where converted into a five classes ordinal index. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive published database on species-specific masting behaviour. It is useful to study spatial and temporal patterns of masting and its proximate and ultimate causes, to refine studies based on tree-ring chronologies, to understand dynamics of animal species and pests vectored by these animals affecting human health, and it may serve as calibration-validation data for dynamic forest models. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.