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Context: There are few studies on the prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty in India. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess sarcopenia and frailty using simple clinical tools among the elderly population in the community. Settings and Design: This was an observational study. The elderly population with an age group of >60 years residing in villages within 10–15 km of Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, formed the sampling frame of the study. Methods and Material: A total of 785 participants were approached, of whom 556 were included in the study based on inclusion criteria. Participants were assessed for grip strength, muscle mass, gait speed, and frailty. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using STATA-IC statistical software version 13. A nonparametric Chi-square (χ2) test was used for categorical variables, and an independent-samples t-test was used to analyze the difference between various variables. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Based on the Indian criteria, 205 participants (36.1%) were diagnosed as having sarcopenia, and 351 participants (63%) were diagnosed as having “no sarcopenia.” 5.6% of participants were found to be frail, 19.2% to be pre-frailty, and 75.2% to be no frailty. The χ2 analysis showed a significant association of sarcopenia with gender and different age groups (P value < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, 36.9% of the elderly participants were found to have “sarcopenia,” and 5.6% of the participants had frailty. Simple clinical tools used were easy to administer and suitable for field screening.

An investigation is made to discuss the effects of magnetohydrodynamic and nanofluid particles on unstable two-dimensional free convective flow through a vertical plate in the existence of heat source, radiation effect, and chemical reaction effect with varying heat and mass flux. The guiding unsteady equations were cracked using the implied finite-difference method. Here we considered four dissimilar nanofluid including Cu, Al2O3, TiO2, and Ag with water as the base fluid. The flow pattern employed incorporates the result of dissimilar non-dimensional parameters for instance volume fraction, magnetic field, heat source parameter, Prandtl number, radiation effect, Schmidt number, and chemical reaction parameter. The impact of the above-mentioned parameters on the boundary layer flow characteristics (velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number) are intentional. In this study we observed that the impact of the velocity profile is maximum in silver-water nanofluid and minimum in Al2O3 water nanofluid but the reverse trend is observed with respect to temperature. Moreover, the outcomes are explained through graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a graph with itsvertices and edges. On defining bijective fnnctionρ:V(G) →{0,1,…,p}. For each edge assign the label with 1 if ρ*(ab)=∣ρ(a)2 - ρ(b)2 / ρ(a) - ρ(b)∣ is odd or 0 otherwise such that |eρ(1) -eρ0≤1 then the labeling is called as divided square difference cordial labeling graph. We prove in this paper for relatively possible set of spider graphs with atmost one legs greaterthan one namely J(SP(1m,2n)),J(SP(1m,2n,31)), (SP(1m,2n,32)),J(SP(1m,2n,41)),J(SP(1m,2n,51).

The authors present a new technique for transforming fourth-order semi-canonical nonlinear neutral difference equations into canonical form. This greatly simplifies the examination of the oscillation of solutions. Some new oscillation criteria are established by comparison with first-order delay difference equations. Examples are provided to illustrate the significance and novelty of the main results. The results are new even for the case of nonneutral difference equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]