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Aplicación de un modelo bayesiano a un conjunto de datos georeferenciado y cronoreferenciado, de diversa naturaleza, para establecer la evolución a lo largo del tiempo de las áreas del género Phoenix y especialmente de Phoenix dactylifera y especies afines The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) yields food, medicines, and materials which are useful for building and handicrafts. Other Phoenix species present similar uses. Our aim is to build a model of Phoenix expansion that can be linked to domestication processes. Paleontological and archaeobotanical evidence concerning date palm is extremely diversified around the Mediterranean Basin and in West Asia, mainly consisting of date fruit remains, but also leaf fragments and other plant remains. This biological evidence is further compared with cultural evidence (coinages, pottery, ancient texts) and the present distribution of Phoenix spp. in the area. Bayesian methods working with likelihood and conditional probabilities are successfully applied to generate a model for displaying in maps the ancient distribution of palm groves in terms of probabilities. The model suggests the domestication of Phoenix dactylifera occurred mainly to the east of 30º E Long., and most likely in the Jordan Valley area, starting before 7 ka and, in a millenary westward shift, it was gradually superposed onto pre-existing local western populations of the same genus, especially in the Nile valley. It seems that this mainly affected the Phoenix dactylifera western cluster (P. excelsior, P. atlantica, P. iberica). However other persisted as independent species (P. theophrasti, P. canariensis).

En este trabajo se pretende analizar las medidas que diversas instituciones, tanto eclesiásticas como civiles, adoptaron para afrontar el problema social del “desamparo” durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII en el Reino de Murcia, donde la mayor parte del estado llano sufrió durísimas condiciones de vida. La caridad era un principio vigente en la sociedad española del Antiguo Régimen y permitió que los pobres y desamparados fueran atendidos. La mayor parte de las iniciativas procedían del ámbito eclesiástico. De este modo, el cabildo catedralicio, el obispado o las órdenes religiosos pusieron parte de sus rentas al servicio de los necesitados. Pero también el concejo y los particulares contribuyeron a intentar que la situación de muchas personas mejorase. Pero lo que se ha comprobado es que, pese a todo, las rentas destinadas fueron una mínima parte de lo que se podía haber utilizado., This paper aims to analyze the actions that various institutions, both ecclesiastical and civil, adopted to address the social problem of "helplessness" in the first half of the eighteenth century in the Kingdom of Murcia, where most of the people suffered hard conditions of life. Charity was a active principle in Spanish society of the Ancien Regime and it allowed the poor and homeless were served. Most of the initiatives came from the ecclesiastical sphere. Thus, the cathedral chapter, the bishop or religious orders used part of their income to service the needy. But the City Council and individuals contributed to attempt that the situation of many people improve. But what has been proven is that, despite everything, the rents were aimed a fraction of what they could have used