Search

Amylases have discovered applications in various industries including juice preparing, processing of starch, bread improvement and other maturation forms including malting grain and in baking ventures. In this investigation, amylase extracted from Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 1483 was applied for the preparation of buns and for improvement of bread quality. It was evaluated that maximum loaf volume was obtained by an application of 3.5 unit/Kg flour of amylase at 37°C, pH 7.0 for 30min. Tactile attributes of bread viz. color, taste, flavor and acceptability were additionally upgraded. Thus, the bread prepared by using alpha amylase showed an increase in loaf volume and bread height with better taste and flavor. Overall results showed applicability of alpha amylase in baking industry.

Amylases are starch-degrading enzymes produced by many bacteria, plants, fungi and animals. It has found tremendous application in industry. One of its applications is in fruit industry wherein amylases are used to clarify fruit juices and reduce its viscosity. In fruits, high amount of starch is present which resulted in increased viscosity of the prepared juices. This may also lead to settling of juice at bottom. Amylases act on starch component and degrade it. In the current study, amylase from B. licheniformis was used for the clarification of apple, orange and grape juices. Total suspended solids, viscosity and total acidity was found to decrease with increasing amylase concentration. The results revealed that after amylase treatment the color, texture and flavor of juices were also improved.

Breast cancer is varying group of tumors in terms of disease prognosis. Breast cancer is found as second main cause of death related with cancer. Cyclin D1 (CCND1) is an important regulator of cell cycle. CCND1over expressed in various human cancers like head, oesophageal, neck, squamous, colon, breast, prostateetc. Many studies have conducted to find correlation between polymorphism in CCND1 gene and development of breast cancer. Some studies found certain genotypes related with risk of breast cancer development. Some studies also proposed the role of varying genetic backgrounds in breast cancer development. This review focuses on role of CCND1 polymorphism and possible risk factors associated with breast cancer, which may explicate the breast cancer screening, prevention, and treatments strategies for future use.

The present study was conducted on 204 individuals of different regions of Chandigarh, Mohali, Panchkula, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana, India, to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in targeted population. Population survey based study was carried out in people grouped in three age groups (Group 1

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of tumours with variable prognosis. It is the second leading cause of cancer related death among women.Hereditary breast cancers (HBC) showed around ten percent of the total burden of breast cancer. Most of the breast cancer cases found due to a BRCA germ line mutation. According to estimation, 15–20% breast cancer patients to have one or more 1st or 2nd degree relatives affected with breast cancer. The factors included the genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Many studies found association of HBC with different carcinoma syndromes. The most common association is with ovarian carcinoma so known as hereditary breast ovarian (BO) carcinoma syndrome involving BRCA1 and 2 mutations. Some other factors like reproductive risk factors including age at diagnosis of breast cancer, pregnancy history, and twin history were also studied and were found associated with breast cancer risk. In this review it is reported that knowledge of genetics of hereditary breast cancers may contribute to identification of patient’s increased risk of disease. These patients could be subjected to genetic counseling that can be definitely benefited from early diagnosis.

Cost-effective production of bioethanol from waste material is becoming the need of the hour to combat the exhaustive nature of fossil fuel. In this study, bioethanol was produced from microwave-pretreated kitchen waste at high dry material consistency. Pretreatment was performed for 30 min at a constant power of 90 W. Liquefaction/saccharification was done with in-house produced amylase from Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 1483. The liquefaction step was optimized using response surface modeling. Three factors, viz. pH, concentration of dry substrate and amylase, were optimized by using reducing sugar and ethanol yield as response. The optimum conditions of input parameters obtained were pH 7.5, dry material 40% (w/v) and amylase 15 IU g−1. The process developed in the present study leads to 0.129 g ml−1, i.e., 0.32 g per g biomass ethanol production. The novelty of the manuscript lies in the fact that no acid/alkali hydrolysis was carried out for the release of reducing sugar. Instead, microwave treatment was carried out at low power for longer time so as to release maximum sugar. The cost incurred in bioethanol production was also estimated by taking cost of chemicals, instruments and operating cost in account. The total cost of bioethanol produced in the present study was calculated as 0.143 $/l of ethanol. A 8.32-fold decrease in price of ethanol produced in the present study was observed when compared to the market selling price of ethanol. This makes the developed process economically and industrially feasible.

Decolourization of textile effluent is always being a problem of major concern for the safe disposal of effluent water in river stream. Due to intense colour of the effluent water, even after the treatment, disposal of the water in river stream is under strict environmental regulation. Laccase, a natural oxidase, have the miraculous power to decolourize different dyes with or without mediators. However, stability and cost of implementation of the enzyme at industrial conditions make the entire process unfeasible at industrial scale. In the present study, a highly thermo-alkali-stable, metal, surfactant and organic solvent tolerant laccase from Bacillus sp. MSK-01 was immobilized in Cu-alginate bead with ABTS mediator under standardized conditions. A continuous flow packed bed bioreactor was formulated to develop a continuous method of the treatment of effluent water. Results showed 66% reduction in the colour of the effluent. UV-VIS spectrum analysis of the treated and untreated samples showed the formation of the degradation products of dyes due to the action of laccase. The developed process can be made useful for on site industrial application.

To achieve better reproductive management rapid and reliable diagnostic tools are compulsory. Quick pregnancy recognition not only reduces the calving interval but also provide timely cure of disorders and mishappenings. Cattle, the economic animal in India is well known for pregnancy losses and postpartum related difficulties. In absence of medical aids and awareness this situation is getting more prominent. Although variety of traditional methods are in practice since decades but none of them qualifies for ideal candidate for diagnosis. These methods fail on technical ground in specificity, sensitivity and accuracy. With advancement in Biotechnological applications in animal sector, a new hope for getting novel biomarkers for pregnancy diagnosis has been raised. This review attempts to highlight and compare conventional and innovative approaches to detect bovine pregnancy early with low mortality rate.

Protease has been in increasing demand in industries due to its hydrolytic nature. In industries, high yield of enzyme is required to meet the industrial need at a relatively cheaper cost. In the present study, the protease from Bacillus sp. MSK-01 was produced in large quantity by submerged fermentation. Statistical techniques including Plackett-Burman and Response surface methodology are useful tools for optimizing many parameters at a time and are used for increasing the protease production from Bacillus sp. MSK-01. 19 different parameters were chosen, out of which 15 factors had positive effect on protease yield. Four maximum influencing factors were peptone, magnesium sulphate, skim milk powder and casein were chosen to further increase the protease yield. 397.3 IU ml-1 of enzyme yield was obtained under optimized conditions which lead to 198 fold increase in the yield of protease from unoptimized condition.

Amylase has been in increasing demand in industries due to its hydrolytic nature. Solid state fermentation (SSF) is a cost effective method for increasing the enzyme production. In the present study, amylase from Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 1483 was produced in large quantity by solid state fermentation using paddy straw as substrate. Response surface methodology is a useful tool for optimizing many parameters at a time and is used for increasing the amylase production. 8523 IUg-1 of enzyme activity was obtained under optimized conditions which lead to 35 fold increase in the yield of amylase from unoptimized condition.