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Background The European Renal Association – European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry collects data on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) via national and regional renal registries in Europe and countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This article summarizes the 2018 ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report, and describes the epidemiology of KRT for kidney failure in 34 countries. Methods Individual patient data on patients undergoing KRT in 2018 were provided by 34 national or regional renal registries and aggregated data by 17 registries. The incidence and prevalence of KRT, the kidney transplantation activity and the survival probabilities of these patients were calculated. Results In 2018, the ERA-EDTA Registry covered a general population of 636 million people. Overall, the incidence of KRT for kidney failure was 129 per million population (p.m.p.), 62% of patients were men, 51% were ≥65 years of age and 20% had diabetes mellitus as cause of kidney failure. Treatment modality at the onset of KRT was haemodialysis (HD) for 84%, peritoneal dialysis (PD) for 11% and pre-emptive kidney transplantation for 5% of patients. On 31 December 2018, the prevalence of KRT was 897 p.m.p., with 57% of patients on HD, 5% on PD and 38% living with a kidney transplant. The transplant rate in 2018 was 35 p.m.p.: 68% received a kidney from a deceased donor, 30% from a living donor and for 2% the donor source was unknown. For patients commencing dialysis during 2009–13, the unadjusted 5-year survival probability was 42.6%. For patients receiving a kidney transplant within this period, the unadjusted 5-year survival probability was 86.6% for recipients of deceased donor grafts and 93.9% for recipients of living donor grafts.

WOS:000577244700025 PubMed ID: 32897277 Background. This article presents a summary of the 2017 Annual Report of the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry and describes the epidemiology of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in 37 countries. Methods. The ERA-EDTA Registry received individual patient data on patients undergoing RRT for ESRD in 2017 from 32 national or regional renal registries and aggregated data from 21 registries. The incidence and prevalence of RRT, kidney transplantation activity and survival probabilities of these patients were calculated. Results. In 2017, the ERA-EDTA Registry covered a general population of 694 million people. The incidence of RRT for ESRD was 127 per million population (pmp), ranging from 37 pmp in Ukraine to 252 pmp in Greece. A total of 62% of patients were men, 52% were >= 65 years of age and 23% had diabetes mellitus as the primary renal disease. The treatment modality at the onset of RRT was haemodialysis for 85% of patients. On 31 December 2017, the prevalence of RRT was 854 pmp, ranging from 210 pmp in Ukraine to 1965 pmp in Portugal. The transplant rate in 2017 was 33 pmp, ranging from 3 pmp in Ukraine to 103 pmp in the Spanish region of Catalonia. For patients commencing RRT during 2008-12, the unadjusted 5-year patient survival probability for all RRT modalities combined was 50.8%. ERA-EDTA The ERA-EDTA Registry is funded by the ERA-EDTA. This article was written by Kramer et al. on behalf of the ERAEDTA Registry, which is an official body of the ERA-EDTA. In addition, M.F.S.R. reports personal fees from NxStage outside the submitted work and K.J.J. reports grants from the ERA-EDTA during the conduct of the study and a speaker fee from Fresenius Medical Care outside the submitted work.

Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Background: This article summarizes the ERA-EDTA Registry's 2016 Annual Report, by describing the epidemiology of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in 2016 within 36 countries. Methods: In 2017 and 2018, the ERA-EDTA Registry received data on patients undergoing RRT for ESRD in 2016 from 52 national or regional renal registries. In all, 32 registries provided individual patient data and 20 provided aggregated data. The incidence and prevalence of RRT and the survival probabilities of these patients were determined. Results: In 2016, the incidence of RRT for ESRD was 121 per million population (pmp), ranging from 29 pmp in Ukraine to 251 pmp in Greece. Almost two-thirds of patients were men, over half were aged ≥65 years and almost a quarter had diabetes mellitus as their primary renal diagnosis. Treatment modality at the start of RRT was haemodialysis for 84% of patients. On 31 December 2016, the prevalence of RRT was 823 pmp, ranging from 188 pmp in Ukraine to 1906 pmp in Portugal. In 2016, the transplant rate was 32 pmp, varying from 3 pmp in Ukraine to 94 pmp in the Spanish region of Catalonia. For patients commencing RRT during 2007-11, the 5-year unadjusted patient survival probability on all RRT modalities combined was 50.5%. For 2016, the incidence and prevalence of RRT were higher among men (187 and 1381 pmp) than women (101 and 827 pmp), and men had a higher rate of kidney transplantation (59 pmp) compared with women (33 pmp). For patients starting dialysis and for patients receiving a kidney transplant during 2007-11, the adjusted patient survival probabilities appeared to be higher for women than for men., The ERA-EDTA Registry is funded by the European Renal Association – European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA). This article was written by Anneke Kramer et al. on behalf of the ERA-EDTA Registry, which is an official body of the ERA-EDTA. In addition, Dr. Caskey reports funding from the National Health Service during the conduct of the study. Dr. Finne reports personal fees from Baxter, outside the submitted work and Dr. Slon Roblero reports personal fees from NxStage, outside the submitted work.

Determinar la utilitat de l’adenosina desaminasa (ADA) pleural per a diagnosticar vessament pleural tuberculós en població espanyola, segons la tècnica de mesura i punt de tall utilitzats, i comparar-la amb la descrita en altres poblacions. Mètodes: Meta-anàlisi d’estudis diagnòstics sobre ADA pleural en població espanyola, extrets de PubMed i Embase des dels seus inicis fins a juliol de 2017, sense restriccions de llenguatge. Es va analitzar l’eficàcia diagnòstica global de l’ADA, segons les tècniques de mesura (Giusti, mètodes cinètics manuals i mètodes cinètics automatitzats), i el punt de tall seleccionat. El QUADAS-2 va avaluar la qualitat dels estudis. Es va utilitzar un model bivariable d’efectes aleatoris. Es van comparar els resultats amb els descrits en meta-anàlisis previs sobre població no espanyola. Resultats: Es van incloure 16 estudis, amb 4147 pacients, dels que 1172 tenien un vessament pleural tuberculós. L’ADA va tenir una sensibilitat del 93%, especificitat del 92%, likelihood ratio (LR) positiva de 12, LR negativa de 0,08, i una àrea sota la corba de 0,968 per a identificar tuberculosi. No es van observar diferències d’eficàcia diagnòstica entre les diferents tècniques de mesura de l’ADA o el punt de tall triat. En 73 estudis de població no espanyola es va observar una tendència a una menor sensibilitat (88%, IC95% 86-90%) i especificitat (88%, IC95% 86-90%) de l’ADA, però les diferencies no van aconseguir significació estadística. Conclusions: L’ADA pleural en població espanyola te una bona precisió diagnòstica (independentment de la tècnica de mesura o punt de tall utilitzats), similar a la utilitzada en població no espanyola. Determinar la utilidad de la adenosina desaminasa (ADA) pleural para diagnosticar derrame pleural tuberculoso (DPT) en población española, según la técnica de medición y punto de corte utilizados, y compararla con la descrita para otras poblaciones. Métodos: Meta-análisis de estudios diagnósticos sobre ADA pleural en población española, extraídos de PubMed y Embase desde sus comienzos hasta julio de 2017, sin restricciones de lenguaje. Se analizó la eficacia diagnóstica global de la ADA, según sus técnicas de medición (Giusti, métodos cinéticos manuales y métodos cinéticos automatizados), y el punto de corte seleccionado. La herramienta QUADAS-2 evaluó la calidad de los estudios. Se utilizó un método bivariante de efectos aleatorios. Se compararon los resultados con los descritos en meta-análisis previos sobre población no española. Resultados: Se incluyeron 16 estudios, con 4147 pacientes, de los que 1172 tenían un DPT. La ADA tuvo una sensibilidad del 93%, especificidad del 92%, likelihood ratio (LR) positiva de 12, LR negativa de 0,08, y área bajo la curva de 0,968 para identificar tuberculosis. No hubo diferencias de eficacia diagnóstica entre las técnicas de medición de ADA o el punto de corte escogido. En 73 estudios de población no española se observó una tendencia hacia una menor sensibilidad (88%, IC95% 86-90%) y especificidad (88%, IC95% 86-90%) de la ADA, pero las diferencias no alcanzaron significación estadística. Conclusiones: La ADA pleural en población española tiene una buena precisión diagnóstica (independientemente de la técnica de medición empleada o del punto de corte empleados), similar a la reportada en población no española. To evaluate the utility of pleural adenosine deaminase (ADA) for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusions (TPE) in the Spanish population, according to the laboratory technique employed and cutoff selected, and to compare it with that reported in other populations. Methods: Meta-analysis of diagnostic studies on pleural ADA in the Spanish population, which were extracted from the PubMed and Embase database from inception to July 2017, without language restrictions. The overall diagnostic accuracy of ADA and that of each of their tecniques of measurement (Giusti, manual and automated kinetic methods) and selected cutoffs were analyzed. The QUADAS-2 tool evaluated the quality of studies. A bivariate random effects model was used. Results were compared with those obtained from previous meta-analyses referring to non-Spanish populations. Results: Sixteen studies, totaling 4147 patients, of whom 1172 had TPE, were included. ADA had 93% sensitivity, 92% specificity, likelihood ratio (LR) positive of 12, LR negative of 0.08, and area under the curve of 0.968 for identifying tuberculosis. There were no differences in diagnostic accuracy between techniques used for ADA measurement or the selected cutoffs. In 73 studies from non-Spanish populations a trend toward a lower ADA sensitivity (88%, IC95% 86-90%) and specificity (88%, IC95% 86-90%) was noted, but differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Pleural ADA in the Spanish population has a meaningful diagnostic accuracy (regardless of technique used for measurement or cutoff selected), which is similar to that reported in non-Spanish populations.

En el presente trabajo tratamos de explorar empíricamente el potencial de aprendizaje de personas con esquizofrenia en condiciones opuestas de estabilidad psicopatológica. Con este objetivo se realizó un experimento de equivalencia de estímulos o procedimiento general de aprendizaje de discriminaciones condicionales, estudiando seguidamente la formación de clases de equivalencia. La muestra incluyó 8 adultos en tratamiento en el programa de atención a trastornos mentales severos, con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 53 años. Debido a los abandonos, el procedimiento inicial fue modificado para reducir la duración y el esfuerzo atencional de la tarea. Los resultados mostraron que personas con esquizofrenia pueden adquirir la equivalencia de estímulos tanto en condiciones psicopatológicas de estabilidad como de descompensación en presencia de sintomatología positiva intensa. Este hallazgo es relevante para la terapia, concebida como aprendizaje, así como para el diseño de programas en el contexto de la rehabilitación y recuperación en la esquizofrenia. The aim of this paper is to explore empirically the learning potential of people with schizophrenia in opposite conditions of psychopathological stability. For this purpose, a general procedure of conditional discrimination learning was introduced by conducting a study on the formation of equivalence classes. The sample consisted of 8 inpatient adults included in the program of Severe Mental Disorders, aged between 20 and 53 years. Because of dropouts, the initial procedure was modified in order to reduce the duration and attentional effort of the task. The results showed that people with schizophrenia can acquire stimulus equivalence with standard procedure both in terms of stability and psychopathological decompensation, in the presence of strong positive symptoms. This finding is relevant both for therapy, conceived in terms of learning, and for designing programs in the context of rehabilitation and recovery in schizophrenia.

ResumenEn el presente trabajo tratamos de explorar empíricamente el potencial de aprendizaje de personas con esquizofrenia en condiciones opuestas de estabilidad psicopatológica. Con este objetivo se realizó un experimento de equivalencia de estímulos o procedimiento general de aprendizaje de discriminaciones condicionales, estudiando seguidamente la formación de clases de equivalencia. La muestra incluyó 8 adultos en tratamiento en el programa de atención a trastornos mentales severos, con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 53 años. Debido a los abandonos, el procedimiento inicial fue modificado para reducir la duración y el esfuerzo atencional de la tarea. Los resultados mostraron que personas con esquizofrenia pueden adquirir la equivalencia de estímulos tanto en condiciones psicopatológicas de estabilidad como de descompensación en presencia de sintomatología positiva intensa. Este hallazgo es relevante para la terapia, concebida como aprendizaje, así como para el diseño de programas en el contexto de la rehabilitación y recuperación en la esquizofrenia.AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore empirically the learning potential of people with schizophrenia in opposite conditions of psychopathological stability. For this purpose, a general procedure of conditional discrimination learning was introduced by conducting a study on the formation of equivalence classes. The sample consisted of 8 inpatient adults included in the program of Severe Mental Disorders, aged between 20 and 53 years. Because of dropouts, the initial procedure was modified in order to reduce the duration and attentional effort of the task. The results showed that people with schizophrenia can acquire stimulus equivalence with standard procedure both in terms of stability and psychopathological decompensation, in the presence of strong positive symptoms. This finding is relevant both for therapy, conceived in terms of learning, and for designing programs in the context of rehabilitation and recovery in schizophrenia.