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34 results on '"Palmieri, Julien"'

1. Diverse Responses of Upper Ocean Temperatures to Chlorophyll‐Induced Solar Absorption Across Different Coastal Upwelling Regions.

Author

Meng, Siyu, Webber, Benjamin G. M., Stevens, David P., Joshi, Manoj, Palmieri, Julien, and Yool, Andrew

Subjects
UPWELLING (Oceanography), OCEAN temperature, FLUCTUATIONS (Physics), SOLAR heating, SOLAR radiation
Abstract

Chlorophyll in phytoplankton absorbs solar radiation (SR) and affects the thermal structure and dynamics within upwelling regions. However, research on this process across global‐scale coastal upwelling systems is still lacking. Here, we use a coupled ocean‐biogeochemical model to investigate differing responses to chlorophyll‐induced solar absorption between Pacific and Atlantic coastal upwelling regions. Chlorophyll‐induced solar absorption leads to colder Pacific coastal upwelling but warmer Atlantic coastal upwelling. In the Pacific, the shading effect of the surface chlorophyll maximum leads to colder subsurface water, which is then upwelled, contributing to cooling. The more stratified upper ocean leads to shallower mixed layer depth, intensifying offshore transport and upwelling. In the Atlantic, the absorption of SR by the subsurface chlorophyll maximum causes warmer and weaker upwelling. The processes described, in turn, trigger positive feedback to ocean biogeochemistry and potentially interact with climate dynamics, underscoring the necessity to incorporate them into Earth system models. Plain Language Summary: Chlorophyll and related pigments in phytoplankton play a key role in absorbing solar radiation and regulating ocean temperatures. In some coastal upwelling regions along the eastern boundaries of oceans, where chlorophyll concentrations are high, studies have suggested that the solar heat absorbed by chlorophyll can influence the temperatures and strength of upwelling. However, there is no study focusing on this process across global coastal upwelling zones. Here, we use computer simulations of ocean and phytoplankton to explore the effects of chlorophyll‐induced solar absorption on upwelling temperatures and strength on a global scale. Our study suggests that this effect varies between Pacific and Atlantic coastal upwelling regions due to their different spatial distributions of chlorophyll: surface chlorophyll in the Pacific warms the water after it has risen to the surface and as it is flowing offshore, while subsurface chlorophyll in the Atlantic warms the water before it rises to the surface. As a result, chlorophyll‐induced solar absorption leads to colder and stronger coastal upwelling in Pacific but warmer and weaker upwelling in Atlantic. Given the limited consideration of this process in previous studies, we emphasize the importance of incorporating it, along with regional differences, into future simulations. Key Points: Chlorophyll‐induced solar absorption leads to colder Pacific coastal upwelling but warmer Atlantic coastal upwellingIn Pacific, chlorophyll‐induced temperature variations intensify ocean stratification and coastal upwelling, in contrast to AtlanticChlorophyll‐induced variations in ocean physics trigger positive feedback, enhancing chlorophyll distributions in coastal upwelling regions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Global‐scale evaluation of coastal ocean alkalinity enhancement in a fully coupled Earth system model

Author

Palmieri, Julien, Yool, Andrew, Palmieri, Julien, and Yool, Andrew

Abstract

The Paris Agreement plans for “net-zero” carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions during the second half of the 21st century. However, reducing emissions from some sectors is challenging, and “net-zero” permits carbon dioxide removal (CDR) activities. One CDR scheme is ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), which proposes dissolving basic minerals into seawater to increase its buffering capacity for CO2. While modeling studies have often investigated OAE at basin or global scale, some proposals focus on readily accessible coastal shelves, with TA added through the dissolution of seafloor olivine sands. Critically, by settling and dissolving sands on shallow seafloors, this retains the added TA in near-surface waters in direct contact with atmospheric CO2. To investigate this, we add dissolved TA at a rate of ∼29 Teq y−1 to the global shelves (<100m) of an Earth system model (UKESM1) running a high emissions scenario. As UKESM1 is fully coupled, wider effects of OAE-mediated increase in ocean CO2 uptake –e.g. atmospheric xCO2, air temperature and marine pH– are fully quantified. Applying OAE from 2020 to 2100 decreases atmospheric xCO2 ∼10 ppm, and increases air-to-sea CO2 uptake ∼8%. In-line with other studies, CO2 uptake per unit of TA added occurs at a rate of ∼0.8 mol C (mol TA)−1. Significantly for monitoring, advection of added TA results in ∼50% of CO2 uptake occurring remotely from OAE operations, and the model also exhibits noticeable land carbon reservoir changes. While practical uncertainties and model representation caveats remain, this analysis estimates the effectiveness of this specific OAE scheme to assist with net-zero planning.

Published
2024

4. Simulations of ocean deoxygenation in the historical era: insights from forced and coupled models

Author

Takano, Yohei, primary, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Tjiputra, Jerry, additional, Eddebbar, Yassir A., additional, Berthet, Sarah, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Buitenhuis, Erik, additional, Butenschön, Momme, additional, Christian, James R., additional, Dunne, John P., additional, Gröger, Matthias, additional, Hayashida, Hakase, additional, Hieronymus, Jenny, additional, Koenigk, Torben, additional, Krasting, John P., additional, Long, Mathew C., additional, Lovato, Tomas, additional, Nakano, Hideyuki, additional, Palmieri, Julien, additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, additional, Tatebe, Hiroaki, additional, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, additional, Urakawa, Shogo, additional, Watanabe, Michio, additional, and Yool, Andrew, additional

Published
2023
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5. Reviews and syntheses: Abrupt ocean biogeochemical change under human-made climatic forcing – warming, acidification, and deoxygenation

Author

Heinze, Christoph, primary, Blenckner, Thorsten, additional, Brown, Peter, additional, Fröb, Friederike, additional, Morée, Anne, additional, New, Adrian L., additional, Nissen, Cara, additional, Rynders, Stefanie, additional, Seguro, Isabel, additional, Aksenov, Yevgeny, additional, Artioli, Yuri, additional, Bourgeois, Timothée, additional, Burger, Friedrich, additional, Buzan, Jonathan, additional, Cael, B. B., additional, Yumruktepe, Veli Çağlar, additional, Chierici, Melissa, additional, Danek, Christopher, additional, Dieckmann, Ulf, additional, Fransson, Agneta, additional, Frölicher, Thomas, additional, Galli, Giovanni, additional, Gehlen, Marion, additional, González, Aridane G., additional, Gonzalez-Davila, Melchor, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Gustafsson, Örjan, additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Heino, Mikko, additional, Henson, Stephanie, additional, Hieronymus, Jenny, additional, Huertas, I. Emma, additional, Jebri, Fatma, additional, Jeltsch-Thömmes, Aurich, additional, Joos, Fortunat, additional, Joshi, Jaideep, additional, Kelly, Stephen, additional, Menon, Nandini, additional, Mongwe, Precious, additional, Oziel, Laurent, additional, Ólafsdottir, Sólveig, additional, Palmieri, Julien, additional, Pérez, Fiz F., additional, Ranith, Rajamohanan Pillai, additional, Ramanantsoa, Juliano, additional, Roy, Tilla, additional, Rusiecka, Dagmara, additional, Santana Casiano, J. Magdalena, additional, Santana-Falcón, Yeray, additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Seifert, Miriam, additional, Shchiptsova, Anna, additional, Sinha, Bablu, additional, Somes, Christopher, additional, Steinfeldt, Reiner, additional, Tao, Dandan, additional, Tjiputra, Jerry, additional, Ulfsbo, Adam, additional, Völker, Christoph, additional, Wakamatsu, Tsuyoshi, additional, and Ye, Ying, additional

Published
2023
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6. Simulations of ocean deoxygenation in the historical era : insights from forced and coupled models

Author

Takano, Yohei, Ilyina, Tatiana, Tjiputra, Jerry, Eddebbar, Yassir A., Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Buitenhuis, Erik, Butenschoen, Momme, Christian, James R., Dunne, John P., Groeger, Matthias, Hayashida, Hakase, Hieronymus, Jenny, Koenigk, Torben, Krasting, John P., Long, Mathew C., Lovato, Tomas, Nakano, Hideyuki, Palmieri, Julien, Schwinger, Joerg, Seferian, Roland, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Tatebe, Hiroaki, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Urakawa, Shogo, Watanabe, Michio, Yool, Andrew, Takano, Yohei, Ilyina, Tatiana, Tjiputra, Jerry, Eddebbar, Yassir A., Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Buitenhuis, Erik, Butenschoen, Momme, Christian, James R., Dunne, John P., Groeger, Matthias, Hayashida, Hakase, Hieronymus, Jenny, Koenigk, Torben, Krasting, John P., Long, Mathew C., Lovato, Tomas, Nakano, Hideyuki, Palmieri, Julien, Schwinger, Joerg, Seferian, Roland, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Tatebe, Hiroaki, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Urakawa, Shogo, Watanabe, Michio, and Yool, Andrew

Published
2023
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7. Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100

Author

Jiang, Li-qing, Dunne, John, Carter, Brendan R., Tjiputra, Jerry F., Terhaar, Jens, Sharp, Jonathan D., Olsen, Are, Alin, Simone, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Feely, Richard A., Gattuso, Jean-pierre, Hogan, Patrick, Ilyina, Tatiana, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K., Lewis, Ernie R., Lovato, Tomas, Palmieri, Julien, Santana-falcon, Yeray, Schwinger, Joerg, Seferian, Roland, Strand, Gary, Swart, Neil, Tanhua, Toste, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Michio, Yamamoto, Akitomo, Ziehn, Tilo, Jiang, Li-qing, Dunne, John, Carter, Brendan R., Tjiputra, Jerry F., Terhaar, Jens, Sharp, Jonathan D., Olsen, Are, Alin, Simone, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Feely, Richard A., Gattuso, Jean-pierre, Hogan, Patrick, Ilyina, Tatiana, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K., Lewis, Ernie R., Lovato, Tomas, Palmieri, Julien, Santana-falcon, Yeray, Schwinger, Joerg, Seferian, Roland, Strand, Gary, Swart, Neil, Tanhua, Toste, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Michio, Yamamoto, Akitomo, and Ziehn, Tilo

Abstract

Accurately predicting future ocean acidification (OA) conditions is crucial for advancing OA research at regional and global scales, and guiding society's mitigation and adaptation efforts. This study presents a new model-data fusion product covering 10 global surface OA indicators based on 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), along with three recent observational ocean carbon data products. The indicators include fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle Factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. The evolution of these OA indicators is presented on a global surface ocean 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid as decadal averages every 10 years from preindustrial conditions (1750), through historical conditions (1850-2010), and to five future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (2020-2100): SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. These OA trajectories represent an improvement over previous OA data products with respect to data quantity, spatial and temporal coverage, diversity of the underlying data and model simulations, and the provided SSPs. The generated data product offers a state-of-the-art research and management tool for the 21st century under the combined stressors of global climate change and ocean acidification. The gridded data product is available in NetCDF at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html, and global maps of these indicators are available in jpeg at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-datasystem/synthesis/surface-oa-indicators.html. Plain Language Summary A new data product, based on the latest computer simulations and observational data, offers improv

Published
2023
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8. Global surface ocean acidification indicators from 1750 to 2100

Author

Jiang, Li‐Qing, Dunne, John, Carter, Brendan R., Tjiputra, Jerry F., Terhaar, Jens, Sharp, Jonathan D., Olsen, Are, Alin, Simone, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Feely, Richard A., Gattuso, Jean‐Pierre, Hogan, Patrick, Ilyina, Tatiana, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K., Lewis, Ernie R., Lovato, Tomas, Palmieri, Julien, Santana‐Falcón, Yeray, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Strand, Gary, Swart, Neil, Tanhua, Toste, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Michio, Yamamoto, Akitomo, Ziehn, Tilo, Jiang, Li‐Qing, Dunne, John, Carter, Brendan R., Tjiputra, Jerry F., Terhaar, Jens, Sharp, Jonathan D., Olsen, Are, Alin, Simone, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Feely, Richard A., Gattuso, Jean‐Pierre, Hogan, Patrick, Ilyina, Tatiana, Lange, Nico, Lauvset, Siv K., Lewis, Ernie R., Lovato, Tomas, Palmieri, Julien, Santana‐Falcón, Yeray, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Strand, Gary, Swart, Neil, Tanhua, Toste, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watanabe, Michio, Yamamoto, Akitomo, and Ziehn, Tilo

Abstract

Accurately predicting future ocean acidification (OA) conditions is crucial for advancing OA research at regional and global scales, and guiding society's mitigation and adaptation efforts. This study presents a new model-data fusion product covering 10 global surface OA indicators based on 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), along with three recent observational ocean carbon data products. The indicators include fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle Factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. The evolution of these OA indicators is presented on a global surface ocean 1° × 1° grid as decadal averages every 10 years from preindustrial conditions (1750), through historical conditions (1850–2010), and to five future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (2020–2100): SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. These OA trajectories represent an improvement over previous OA data products with respect to data quantity, spatial and temporal coverage, diversity of the underlying data and model simulations, and the provided SSPs. The generated data product offers a state-of-the-art research and management tool for the 21st century under the combined stressors of global climate change and ocean acidification. The gridded data product is available in NetCDF at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html, and global maps of these indicators are available in jpeg at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/surface-oa-indicators.html.

Published
2023

9. Reproducible and relocatable regional ocean modelling: Fundamentals and practices

Author

Polton, Jeff A., Harle, James, Holt, Jason, Katavouta, Anna, Partridge, Dale, Jardine, Jenny, Wakelin, Sarah, Rulent, Julia, Wise, Anthony, Hutchinson, Katherine, Byrne, David, Bruciaferri, Diego, O'Dea, Enda, De Dominicis, Michela, Mathiot, Pierre, Coward, Andrew, Yool, Andrew, Palmieri, Julien, Lessin, Gennadi, Mayorga-Adame, Gabriela, Le Guennec, Valerie, Arnold, Alex, Rousset, Clement, Polton, Jeff A., Harle, James, Holt, Jason, Katavouta, Anna, Partridge, Dale, Jardine, Jenny, Wakelin, Sarah, Rulent, Julia, Wise, Anthony, Hutchinson, Katherine, Byrne, David, Bruciaferri, Diego, O'Dea, Enda, De Dominicis, Michela, Mathiot, Pierre, Coward, Andrew, Yool, Andrew, Palmieri, Julien, Lessin, Gennadi, Mayorga-Adame, Gabriela, Le Guennec, Valerie, Arnold, Alex, and Rousset, Clement

Abstract

In response to an increasing demand for bespoke or tailored regional ocean modelling configurations, we outline fundamental principles and practices that can expedite the process to generate new configurations. The paper develops the principle of Reproducibility and advocates adherence by presenting benefits to the community and user. The elements to this principle are reproducible workflows and standardised assessment, with additional effort over existing working practices being balanced against the added value generated. The paper then decomposes the complex build process, for a new regional ocean configuration, into stages and presents guidance, advice and insight on each component. This advice is compiled from across the user community, is presented in the context of NEMOv4, though aims to transcend NEMO version. Detail and region specific worked examples are linked in companion repositories and DOIs. The aim is to broaden the user community skill base, and to accelerate development of new configurations in order to increase available time exploiting the configurations.

Published
2023

10. Simulations of ocean deoxygenation in the historical era: insights from forced and coupled models.

Author

Yohei Takano, Ilyina, Tatiana, Tjiputra, Jerry, Eddebbar, Yassir A., Berthet, Sarah, Bopp, Laurent, Buitenhuis, Erik, Butenschön, Momme, Christian, James R., Dunne, John P., Gröger, Matthias, Hayashida, Hakase, Hieronymus, Jenny, Koenigk, Torben, Krasting, John P., Long, Mathew C., Lovato, Tomas, Hideyuki Nakano, Palmieri, Julien, and Schwinger, Jörg

Subjects
DEOXYGENATION, FISHERIES, ENTHALPY, MARINE ecology, OCEAN, DATABASES, DISSOLVED oxygen in water
Abstract

Ocean deoxygenation due to anthropogenic warming represents a major threat to marine ecosystems and fisheries. Challenges remain in simulating the modern observed changes in the dissolved oxygen (O2). Here, we present an analysis of upper ocean (0-700m) deoxygenation in recent decades from a suite of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) ocean biogeochemical simulations. The physics and biogeochemical simulations include both ocean-only (the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1 and 2, OMIP1 and OMIP2) and coupled Earth system (CMIP6 Historical) configurations. We examine simulated changes in the O2 inventory and ocean heat content (OHC) over the past 5 decades across models. The models simulate spatially divergent evolution of O2 trends over the past 5 decades. The trend (multi-model mean and spread) for upper ocean global O2 inventory for each of the MIP simulations over the past 5 decades is 0.03 ± 0.39×1014 [mol/decade] for OMIP1, -0.37 ± 0.15×1014 [mol/decade] for OMIP2, and -1.06 ± 0.68×1014 [mol/decade] for CMIP6 Historical, respectively. The trend in the upper ocean global O2 inventory for the latest observations based on the World Ocean Database 2018 is -0.98×1014 [mol/decade], in line with the CMIP6 Historical multi-model mean, though this recent observations-based trend estimate is weaker than previously reported trends. A comparison across ocean-only simulations from OMIP1 and OMIP2 suggests that differences in atmospheric forcing such as surface wind explain the simulated divergence across configurations in O2 inventory changes. Additionally, a comparison of coupled model simulations from the CMIP6 Historical configuration indicates that differences in background mean states due to differences in spin-up duration and equilibrium states result in substantial differences in the climate change response of O2. Finally, we discuss gaps and uncertainties in both ocean biogeochemical simulations and observations and explore possible future coordinated ocean biogeochemistry simulations to fill in gaps and unravel the mechanisms controlling the O2 changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100

Author

Jiang, Li‐Qing, primary, Dunne, John, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Tjiputra, Jerry F., additional, Terhaar, Jens, additional, Sharp, Jonathan D., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Alin, Simone, additional, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Gattuso, Jean‐Pierre, additional, Hogan, Patrick, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Lange, Nico, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Lewis, Ernie R., additional, Lovato, Tomas, additional, Palmieri, Julien, additional, Santana‐Falcón, Yeray, additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Strand, Gary, additional, Swart, Neil, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Watanabe, Michio, additional, Yamamoto, Akitomo, additional, and Ziehn, Tilo, additional

Published
2023
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12. Model of the Regional Coupled Earth system (MORCE): Application to process and climate studies in vulnerable regions

Author

Drobinski, Philippe, Anav, Alesandro, Lebeaupin Brossier, Cindy, Samson, Guillaume, Stéfanon, Marc, Bastin, Sophie, Baklouti, Mélika, Béranger, Karine, Beuvier, Jonathan, Bourdallé-Badie, Romain, Coquart, Laure, D'Andrea, Fabio, de Noblet-Ducoudré, Nathalie, Diaz, Frédéric, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Ethe, Christian, Foujols, Marie-Alice, Khvorostyanov, Dmitry, Madec, Gurvan, Mancip, Martial, Masson, Sébastien, Menut, Laurent, Palmieri, Julien, Polcher, Jan, Turquety, Solène, Valcke, Sophie, and Viovy, Nicolas

Published
2012
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13. Reproducible and Relocatable Regional Ocean Modelling: Fundamentals and practices

Author

Polton, Jeff A., primary, Harle, James, additional, Holt, Jason, additional, Katavouta, Anna, additional, Partridge, Dale, additional, Jardine, Jenny, additional, Wakelin, Sarah, additional, Rulent, Julia, additional, Wise, Anthony, additional, Hutchinson, Katherine, additional, Byrne, David, additional, Bruciaferri, Diego, additional, O'Dea, Enda, additional, De Dominicis, Michela, additional, Mathiot, Pierre, additional, Coward, Andrew, additional, Yool, Andrew, additional, Palmieri, Julien, additional, Lessin, Gennadi, additional, Mayorga-Adame, Gabriela, additional, Le Guennec, Valerie, additional, Arnold, Alex, additional, and Rousset, Clement, additional

Published
2022
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14. Description and evaluation of aerosol in UKESM1 and\ud HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP6 historical simulations

Author

Mulcahy, Jane P., Johnson, Colin, Jones, Colin G., Povey, Adam C., Scott, Catherine E., Sellar, Alistair, Turnock, Steven T., Woodhouse, Matthew T., Abraham, N. Luke, Andrews, Martin B., Bellouin, Nicolas, Browse, Jo, Carslaw, Ken S., Dalvi, Mohit, Folberth, Gerd A., Glover, Matthew, Grosvenor, Daniel, Hardacre, Catherine, Hill, Richard, Johnson, Ben, Jones, Andy, Kipling, Zak, Mann, Graham, Mollard, James, O'Connor, Fiona M., Palmieri, Julien, Reddington, Carly, Rumbold, Steven T., Richardson, Mark, Schutgens, Nick A.J., Stier, Philip, Stringer, Marc, Tang, Yongming, Walton, Jeremy, Woodward, Stephanie, and Yool, Andrew

Subjects
respiratory system, complex mixtures
Abstract

We document and evaluate the aerosol schemes as implemented in the physical and Earth system models, HadGEM3-GC3.1 (GC3.1) and UKESM1, which are contributing to the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The simulation of aerosols in the present-day period of the historical ensemble of these models is evaluated against a range of observations. Updates to the aerosol microphysics scheme are documented as well as differences in the aerosol representation between the physical and Earth system configurations. The additional Earth-system interactions included in UKESM1 leads to differences in the emissions of natural aerosol sources such as dimethyl sulfide, mineral dust and organic aerosol and subsequent evolution of these species in the model. UKESM1 also includes a stratospheric-tropospheric chemistry scheme which is fully coupled to the aerosol scheme, while GC3.1 employs a simplified aerosol chemistry mechanism driven by prescribed monthly climatologies of the relevant oxidants. Overall, the simulated speciated aerosol mass concentrations compare reasonably well with observations. Both models capture the negative trend in sulfate aerosol concentrations over Europe and the eastern United States of America (US) although the models tend to underestimate the sulfate concentrations in both regions. Interactive emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds in UKESM1 lead to an improved agreement of organic aerosol over the US. Simulated dust burdens are similar in both models despite a 2-fold difference in dust emissions. Aerosol optical depth is biased low in dust source and outflow regions but performs well in other regions compared to a number of satellite and ground-based retrievals of aerosol optical depth. Simulated aerosol number concentrations are generally within a factor of 2\ud of the observations with both models tending to overestimate number concentrations over remote ocean regions, apart from at high latitudes, and underestimate over Northern Hemisphere continents. Finally, a new primary marine organic aerosol source is implemented in UKESM1 for the first time. The impact of this new aerosol source is evaluated. Over the pristine Southern Ocean, it is found to improve the seasonal cycle of organic aerosol mass and cloud droplet number concentrations relative to GC3.1 although underestimations in cloud droplet number concentrations remain. This paper provides a useful characterization of the aerosol climatology in both models facilitating the understanding of the numerous aerosol-climate interaction studies that will be conducted as part of CMIP6 and beyond.

Published
2020

15. Evaluating the physical and biogeochemical state of the global ocean component of UKESM1 in CMIP6 historical simulations

Author

Yool, Andrew, Palmieri, Julien, Jones, Colin G., de Mora, Lee, Kuhlbrodt, Till, Popova, Ekatarina E., Nurser, A. J. George, Hirschi, Joel, Blaker, Adam T., Coward, Andrew C., Blockley, Edward W., Sellar, Alistair A., Yool, Andrew, Palmieri, Julien, Jones, Colin G., de Mora, Lee, Kuhlbrodt, Till, Popova, Ekatarina E., Nurser, A. J. George, Hirschi, Joel, Blaker, Adam T., Coward, Andrew C., Blockley, Edward W., and Sellar, Alistair A.

Abstract

The ocean plays a key role in modulating the climate of the Earth system (ES). At the present time it is also a major sink both for the carbon dioxide (CO2) released by human activities and for the excess heat driven by the resulting atmospheric greenhouse effect. Understanding the ocean's role in these processes is critical for model projections of future change and its potential impacts on human societies. A necessary first step in assessing the credibility of such future projections is an evaluation of their performance against the present state of the ocean. Here we use a range of observational fields to validate the physical and biogeochemical performance of the ocean component of UKESM1, a new Earth system model (ESM) for CMIP6 built upon the HadGEM3-GC3.1 physical climate model. Analysis focuses on the realism of the ocean's physical state and circulation, its key elemental cycles, and its marine productivity. UKESM1 generally performs well across a broad spectrum of properties, but it exhibits a number of notable biases. Physically, these include a global warm bias inherited from model spin-up, excess northern sea ice but insufficient southern sea ice and sluggish interior circulation. Biogeochemical biases found include shallow remineralization of sinking organic matter, excessive iron stress in regions such as the equatorial Pacific, and generally lower surface alkalinity that results in decreased surface and interior dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations. The mechanisms driving these biases are explored to identify consequences for the behaviour of UKESM1 under future climate change scenarios and avenues for model improvement. Finally, across key biogeochemical properties, UKESM1 improves in performance relative to its CMIP5 precursor and performs well alongside its fellow members of the CMIP6 ensemble.

Published
2021

16. Med-BGC MIP: A Mediterranean biogeochemical models comparison

Author

Palmieri, Julien, Mignot, Alexandre, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Richon, Camille, Macias Moy, Diego, d’Ortenzio, Fabrizio, Schmechtig, Catherine, Uitz, Julia, Houpert, Loic, Lamouroux, Julien, Baklouti, Melika, Pages, Remi, Cosimo, Solidoro, Teruzzi, Anna, Lazzari, Paolo, Ciavatta, Stefano, Kay, Susan, Triantafyllou, George, Tsiaras, Kostas, Somot, Samuel, Palmieri, Julien, Mignot, Alexandre, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Richon, Camille, Macias Moy, Diego, d’Ortenzio, Fabrizio, Schmechtig, Catherine, Uitz, Julia, Houpert, Loic, Lamouroux, Julien, Baklouti, Melika, Pages, Remi, Cosimo, Solidoro, Teruzzi, Anna, Lazzari, Paolo, Ciavatta, Stefano, Kay, Susan, Triantafyllou, George, Tsiaras, Kostas, and Somot, Samuel

Abstract

The Mediterranean Sea has been identified as a hotspot for climate change. Furthermore, its very diverse trophic regimes, in such a little area, make it an extremely interesting region from a biogeochemical perspective. Numerous studies aim at better understanding and representing the Mediterrenean dynamics and biogeochemistry through modeling. This is a crucial step in order to predict the future anthropogenic impacts on the Mediterranean Sea and their possible effects on its biogeochemistry, and all what depends on it. The number of models that simulate the Mediterranean biogeochemistry, and the data available to compare with are now sufficient to draw an overall picture of the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemical models state of the art. In this study, we gathered 10 biogeochemical simulations of the Mediterranean Sea, including 8 regional and 2 high-resolution global configurations. The simulations are compared with surface chlorophyll estimates derived from satellite observations; chlorophyll, nitrate, oxygen, and particulate organic carbon concentrations derived from BGC-Argo floats, and phytoplankton group-specific primary production estimated from ocean color satellite observations. Our first aim is to describe and compare all known Mediterranean biogeochemical models, and to highlight their specificity. This should give an insight into the current achievements, and expose what biogeochemical model products are hence available for further ecological analysis. Furthermore, a specific attention is given to how well each model performs in selected regions of the Mediterranean Sea, in order to understand which specific process is needed to adequately represent the different trophic regimes of the Mediterranean Sea.

Published
2021

18. Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections

Author

Kwiatkowski, Lester, primary, Torres, Olivier, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Aumont, Olivier, additional, Chamberlain, Matthew, additional, Christian, James R., additional, Dunne, John P., additional, Gehlen, Marion, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, John, Jasmin G., additional, Lenton, Andrew, additional, Li, Hongmei, additional, Lovenduski, Nicole S., additional, Orr, James C., additional, Palmieri, Julien, additional, Santana-Falcón, Yeray, additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Stock, Charles A., additional, Tagliabue, Alessandro, additional, Takano, Yohei, additional, Tjiputra, Jerry, additional, Toyama, Katsuya, additional, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, additional, Watanabe, Michio, additional, Yamamoto, Akitomo, additional, Yool, Andrew, additional, and Ziehn, Tilo, additional

Published
2020
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19. Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper ocean nutrient decline from CMIP6 model projections

Author

Kwiatkowski, Lester, Torres, Olivier, Bopp, Laurent, Aumont, Olivier, Chamberlain, Matthew, Christian, James, Dunne, John P., Gehlen, Marion, Ilyina, Tatiana, John, Jasmin G., Lenton, Andrew, Li, Hongmei, Lovenduski, Nicole S., Orr, James C., Palmieri, Julien, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Stock, Charles A., Tagliabue, Alessandro, Takano, Yohei, Tjiputra, Jerry, Toyama, Katsuya, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Watanabe, Michio, Yamamoto, Akitomo, Yool, Andrew, and Ziehn, Tilo

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, 14. Life underwater, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change leads to ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation and reductions in near-surface nutrient concentrations, all of which are expected to affect marine ecosystems. Here we assess projections of these drivers of environmental change over the twenty-first century from Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) that were forced under the CMIP6 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Projections are compared to those from the previous generation (CMIP5) forced under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). 10 CMIP5 and 13 CMIP6 models are used in the two multi-model ensembles. Under the high-emission scenario SSP5–8.5, the model mean change (2080–2099 mean values relative to 1870–1899) in sea surface temperature, surface pH, subsurface (100–600 m) oxygen concentration and euphotic (0–100 m) nitrate concentration is +3.48 ± 0.78 °C, −0.44 ± 0.005, −13.27 ± 5.28 mmol m−3 and −1.07 ± 0.45 mmol m−3, respectively. Under the low-emission, high-mitigation scenario SSP1–2.6, the corresponding changes are +1.42 ± 0.32 °C, −0.16 ± 0.002, −6.36 ± 2.92 mmol m−3 and −0.53 ± 0.23 mmol m−3. Projected exposure of the marine ecosystem to these drivers of ocean change depends largely on the extent of future emissions, consistent with previous studies. The Earth system models in CMIP6 generally project greater surface warming, acidification, deoxygenation and euphotic nitrate reductions than those from CMIP5 under comparable radiative forcing, with no reduction in inter-model uncertainties. Under the high-emission CMIP5 scenario RCP8.5, the corresponding changes in sea surface temperature, surface pH, subsurface oxygen and euphotic nitrate concentration are +3.04 ± 0.62 °C, −0.38 ± 0.005, −9.51 ± 2.13 mmol m−3 and −0.66 ± 0.49 mmol m−3, respectively. The greater surface acidification in CMIP6 is primarily a consequence of the SSPs having higher associated atmospheric CO2 concentrations than their RCP analogues. The increased projected warming results from a general increase in the climate sensitivity of CMIP6 models relative to those of CMIP5. This enhanced warming results in greater increases in upper ocean stratification in CMIP6 projections, which contributes to greater reductions in euphotic nitrate and subsurface oxygen ventilation.

Published
2020
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20. Tracking Improvement in Simulated Marine Biogeochemistry Between CMIP5 and CMIP6

Author

Seferian, Roland, Berthet, Sarah, Yool, Andrew, Palmieri, Julien, Bopp, Laurent, Tagliabue, Alessandro, Kwiatkowski, Lester, Aumont, Olivier, Christian, James, Dunne, John, Gehlen, Marion, Ilyina, Tatiana, John, Jasmin G., Li, Hongmei, Long, Matthew C, Luo, Jessica Y., Nakano, Hideyuki, Romanou, Anastasia, Schwinger, Jorg, Stock, Charles, Santana-falcon, Yeray, Takano, Yohei, Tjiputra, Jerry, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Watanabe, Michio, Wu, Tongwen, Wu, Fanghua, Yamamoto, Akitomo, Seferian, Roland, Berthet, Sarah, Yool, Andrew, Palmieri, Julien, Bopp, Laurent, Tagliabue, Alessandro, Kwiatkowski, Lester, Aumont, Olivier, Christian, James, Dunne, John, Gehlen, Marion, Ilyina, Tatiana, John, Jasmin G., Li, Hongmei, Long, Matthew C, Luo, Jessica Y., Nakano, Hideyuki, Romanou, Anastasia, Schwinger, Jorg, Stock, Charles, Santana-falcon, Yeray, Takano, Yohei, Tjiputra, Jerry, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Watanabe, Michio, Wu, Tongwen, Wu, Fanghua, and Yamamoto, Akitomo

Abstract

Purpose of Review The changes or updates in ocean biogeochemistry component have been mapped between CMIP5 and CMIP6 model versions, and an assessment made of how far these have led to improvements in the simulated mean state of marine biogeochemical models within the current generation of Earth system models (ESMs). Recent Findings The representation of marine biogeochemistry has progressed within the current generation of Earth system models. However, it remains difficult to identify which model updates are responsible for a given improvement. In addition, the full potential of marine biogeochemistry in terms of Earth system interactions and climate feedback remains poorly examined in the current generation of Earth system models. Increasing availability of ocean biogeochemical data, as well as an improved understanding of the underlying processes, allows advances in the marine biogeochemical components of the current generation of ESMs. The present study scrutinizes the extent to which marine biogeochemistry components of ESMs have progressed between the 5th and the 6th phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP).

Published
2020
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21. Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections

Author

Kwiatkowski, Lester, Torres, Olivier, Bopp, Laurent, Aumont, Olivier, Chamberlain, Matthew, Christian, James R., Dunne, John P., Gehlen, Marion, Ilyina, Tatiana, John, Jasmin G., Lenton, Andrew, Li, Hongmei, Lovenduski, Nicole S., Orr, James C., Palmieri, Julien, Santana-Falcón, Yeray, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Stock, Charles A., Tagliabue, Alessandro, Takano, Yohei, Tjiputra, Jerry, Toyama, Katsuya, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Watanabe, Michio, Yamamoto, Akitomo, Yool, Andrew, Ziehn, Tilo, Kwiatkowski, Lester, Torres, Olivier, Bopp, Laurent, Aumont, Olivier, Chamberlain, Matthew, Christian, James R., Dunne, John P., Gehlen, Marion, Ilyina, Tatiana, John, Jasmin G., Lenton, Andrew, Li, Hongmei, Lovenduski, Nicole S., Orr, James C., Palmieri, Julien, Santana-Falcón, Yeray, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Stock, Charles A., Tagliabue, Alessandro, Takano, Yohei, Tjiputra, Jerry, Toyama, Katsuya, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Watanabe, Michio, Yamamoto, Akitomo, Yool, Andrew, and Ziehn, Tilo

Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change is projected to lead to ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, reductions in near-surface nutrients, and changes to primary production, all of which are expected to affect marine ecosystems. Here we assess projections of these drivers of environmental change over the twenty-first century from Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) that were forced under the CMIP6 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Projections are compared to those from the previous generation (CMIP5) forced under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). A total of 10 CMIP5 and 13 CMIP6 models are used in the two multi-model ensembles. Under the high-emission scenario SSP5-8.5, the multi-model global mean change (2080–2099 mean values relative to 1870–1899) ± the inter-model SD in sea surface temperature, surface pH, subsurface (100–600 m) oxygen concentration, euphotic (0–100 m) nitrate concentration, and depth-integrated primary production is +3.47±0.78 ∘C, −0.44±0.005, −13.27±5.28, −1.06±0.45 mmol m−3 and −2.99±9.11 %, respectively. Under the low-emission, high-mitigation scenario SSP1-2.6, the corresponding global changes are +1.42±0.32 ∘C, −0.16±0.002, −6.36±2.92, −0.52±0.23 mmol m−3, and −0.56±4.12 %. Projected exposure of the marine ecosystem to these drivers of ocean change depends largely on the extent of future emissions, consistent with previous studies. The ESMs in CMIP6 generally project greater warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and nitrate reductions but lesser primary production declines than those from CMIP5 under comparable radiative forcing. The increased projected ocean warming results from a general increase in the climate sensitivity of CMIP6 models relative to those of CMIP5. This enhanced warming increases upper-ocean stratification in CMIP6 projections, which contributes to greater reductions in upper-ocean nitrate and subsurface oxygen ventilation. The greater su

Published
2020

22. Supplementary material to &quot;Description and evaluation of aerosol in UKESM1 and HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP6 historical simulations&quot;

Author

Mulcahy, Jane P., primary, Johnson, Colin, additional, Jones, Colin G., additional, Povey, Adam C., additional, Scott, Catherine E., additional, Sellar, Alistair, additional, Turnock, Steven T., additional, Woodhouse, Matthew T., additional, Abraham, N. Luke, additional, Andrews, Martin B., additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Browse, Jo, additional, Carslaw, Ken S., additional, Dalvi, Mohit, additional, Folberth, Gerd A., additional, Glover, Matthew, additional, Grosvenor, Daniel, additional, Hardacre, Catherine, additional, Hill, Richard, additional, Johnson, Ben, additional, Jones, Andy, additional, Kipling, Zak, additional, Mann, Graham, additional, Mollard, James, additional, O'Connor, Fiona M., additional, Palmieri, Julien, additional, Reddington, Carly, additional, Rumbold, Steven T., additional, Richardson, Mark, additional, Schutgens, Nick A. J., additional, Stier, Philip, additional, Stringer, Marc, additional, Tang, Yongming, additional, Walton, Jeremy, additional, Woodward, Stephanie, additional, and Yool, Andrew, additional

Published
2020
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23. Description and evaluation of aerosol in UKESM1 and HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP6 historical simulations

Author

Mulcahy, Jane P., primary, Johnson, Colin, additional, Jones, Colin G., additional, Povey, Adam C., additional, Scott, Catherine E., additional, Sellar, Alistair, additional, Turnock, Steven T., additional, Woodhouse, Matthew T., additional, Abraham, N. Luke, additional, Andrews, Martin B., additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Browse, Jo, additional, Carslaw, Ken S., additional, Dalvi, Mohit, additional, Folberth, Gerd A., additional, Glover, Matthew, additional, Grosvenor, Daniel, additional, Hardacre, Catherine, additional, Hill, Richard, additional, Johnson, Ben, additional, Jones, Andy, additional, Kipling, Zak, additional, Mann, Graham, additional, Mollard, James, additional, O'Connor, Fiona M., additional, Palmieri, Julien, additional, Reddington, Carly, additional, Rumbold, Steven T., additional, Richardson, Mark, additional, Schutgens, Nick A. J., additional, Stier, Philip, additional, Stringer, Marc, additional, Tang, Yongming, additional, Walton, Jeremy, additional, Woodward, Stephanie, additional, and Yool, Andrew, additional

Published
2020
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29. UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model

Author

Sellar, Alistair A., primary, Jones, Colin G., additional, Mulcahy, Jane P., additional, Tang, Yongming, additional, Yool, Andrew, additional, Wiltshire, Andy, additional, O'Connor, Fiona M., additional, Stringer, Marc, additional, Hill, Richard, additional, Palmieri, Julien, additional, Woodward, Stephanie, additional, Mora, Lee, additional, Kuhlbrodt, Till, additional, Rumbold, Steven T., additional, Kelley, Douglas I., additional, Ellis, Rich, additional, Johnson, Colin E., additional, Walton, Jeremy, additional, Abraham, Nathan Luke, additional, Andrews, Martin B., additional, Andrews, Timothy, additional, Archibald, Alex T., additional, Berthou, Ségolène, additional, Burke, Eleanor, additional, Blockley, Ed, additional, Carslaw, Ken, additional, Dalvi, Mohit, additional, Edwards, John, additional, Folberth, Gerd A., additional, Gedney, Nicola, additional, Griffiths, Paul T., additional, Harper, Anna B., additional, Hendry, Maggie A., additional, Hewitt, Alan J., additional, Johnson, Ben, additional, Jones, Andy, additional, Jones, Chris D., additional, Keeble, James, additional, Liddicoat, Spencer, additional, Morgenstern, Olaf, additional, Parker, Robert J., additional, Predoi, Valeriu, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Siahaan, Antony, additional, Smith, Robin S., additional, Swaminathan, Ranjini, additional, Woodhouse, Matthew T., additional, Zeng, Guang, additional, and Zerroukat, Mohamed, additional

Published
2019
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30. UKESM1: description and evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model

Author

Sellar, Alistair A., Jones, Colin G., Mulcahy, Jane P., Tang, Yongming, Yool, Andrew, Wiltshire, Andy, O'Connor, Fiona M., Stringer, Marc, Hill, Richard, Palmieri, Julien, Woodward, Stephanie, de Mora, Lee, Kuhlbrodt, Till, Rumbold, Steven T., Kelley, Douglas I., Ellis, Rich, Johnson, Colin E., Walton, Jeremy, Abraham, Nathan Luke, Andrews, Martin B., Andrews, Timothy, Archibald, Alex T., Berthou, Segolene, Burke, Eleanor, Blockley, Ed, Carslaw, Ken, Dalvi, Mohit, Edwards, John, Folberth, Gerd A., Gedney, Nicola, Griffiths, Paul T., Harper, Anna B., Hendry, Maggie A., Hewitt, Alan J., Johnson, Ben, Jones, Andy, Jones, Chris D., Keeble, James, Liddicoat, Spencer, Mordenstern, Olaf, Parker, Robert J., Predoi, Valeriu, Robertson, Eddy, Siahaan, Antony, Smith, Robin S., Swaminathan, Ranjini, Woodhouse, Matthew T., Zeng, Guang, Zerroukat, Mohamed, Sellar, Alistair A., Jones, Colin G., Mulcahy, Jane P., Tang, Yongming, Yool, Andrew, Wiltshire, Andy, O'Connor, Fiona M., Stringer, Marc, Hill, Richard, Palmieri, Julien, Woodward, Stephanie, de Mora, Lee, Kuhlbrodt, Till, Rumbold, Steven T., Kelley, Douglas I., Ellis, Rich, Johnson, Colin E., Walton, Jeremy, Abraham, Nathan Luke, Andrews, Martin B., Andrews, Timothy, Archibald, Alex T., Berthou, Segolene, Burke, Eleanor, Blockley, Ed, Carslaw, Ken, Dalvi, Mohit, Edwards, John, Folberth, Gerd A., Gedney, Nicola, Griffiths, Paul T., Harper, Anna B., Hendry, Maggie A., Hewitt, Alan J., Johnson, Ben, Jones, Andy, Jones, Chris D., Keeble, James, Liddicoat, Spencer, Mordenstern, Olaf, Parker, Robert J., Predoi, Valeriu, Robertson, Eddy, Siahaan, Antony, Smith, Robin S., Swaminathan, Ranjini, Woodhouse, Matthew T., Zeng, Guang, and Zerroukat, Mohamed

Abstract

We document the development of the first version of the United Kingdom Earth System Model UKESM1. The model represents a major advance on its predecessor HadGEM2‐ES, with enhancements to all component models and new feedback mechanisms. These include: a new core physical model with a well‐resolved stratosphere; terrestrial biogeochemistry with coupled carbon and nitrogen cycles and enhanced land management; tropospheric‐stratospheric chemistry allowing the holistic simulation of radiative forcing from ozone, methane and nitrous oxide; two‐moment, five‐species, modal aerosol; and ocean biogeochemistry with two‐way coupling to the carbon cycle and atmospheric aerosols. The complexity of coupling between the ocean, land and atmosphere physical climate and biogeochemical cycles in UKESM1 is unprecedented for an Earth system model. We describe in detail the process by which the coupled model was developed and tuned to achieve acceptable performance in key physical and Earth system quantities, and discuss the challenges involved in mitigating biases in a model with complex connections between its components. Overall the model performs well, with a stable pre‐industrial state, and good agreement with observations in the latter period of its historical simulations. However, global mean surface temperature exhibits stronger‐than‐observed cooling from 1950 to 1970, followed by rapid warming from 1980 to 2014. Metrics from idealised simulations show a high climate sensitivity relative to previous generations of models: equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is 5.4 K, transient climate response (TCR) ranges from 2.68 K to 2.85 K, and transient climate response to cumulative emissions (TCRE) is 2.49 K/TtC to 2.66 K/TtC.

Published
2019

33. BGC-val: a model- and grid-independent Python toolkit to evaluate marine biogeochemical models

Author

de Mora, Lee, Yool, Andrew, Palmieri, Julien, Sellar, Alistair, Kuhlbrodt, Till, Popova, Ekaterina, Jones, Colin, Allen, J. Icarus, de Mora, Lee, Yool, Andrew, Palmieri, Julien, Sellar, Alistair, Kuhlbrodt, Till, Popova, Ekaterina, Jones, Colin, and Allen, J. Icarus

Abstract

The biogeochemical evaluation toolkit, BGC-val, is a model- and grid-independent Python toolkit that has been built to evaluate marine biogeochemical models using a simple interface. Here, we present the ideas that motivated the development of the BGC-val software framework, introduce the code structure, and show some applications of the toolkit using model results from the Fifth Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). A brief outline of how to access and install the repository is presented in Appendix , but the specific details on how to use the toolkit are kept in the code repository. The key ideas that directed the toolkit design were model and grid independence, front-loading analysis functions and regional masking, interruptibility, and ease of use. We present each of these goals, why they were important, and what we did to address them. We also present an outline of the code structure of the toolkit illustrated with example plots produced by the toolkit. After describing BGC-val, we use the toolkit to investigate the performance of the marine physical and biogeochemical quantities of the CMIP5 models and highlight some predictions about the future state of the marine ecosystem under a business-as-usual CO2 concentration scenario (RCP8.5).

Published
2018

34. HyMeX - Model of the Regional Coupled Earth system (MORCE): application to process and climate studies in the Mediterranean region

Author

Drobinski, Philippe, Anav, Alesandro, Lebeaupin-Brossier, Cindy, Samson, Guillaume, Stéfanon, Marc, Bastin, Sophie, Baklouti, Melika, Béranger, Karine, Beuvier, Jonathan, Bourdallé-Badie, Romain, Coquart, Laure, d'Andrea, Fabio, de Noblet, Nathalie, Diaz, Frederic, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Éthé, Christian, Foujols, Marie-Alice, Khvorostyanov, Dimitry, Madec, Gurvan, Maisonnave, Éric, Mancip, Martial, Masson, Sébastien, Menut, Laurent, Palmieri, Julien, Polcher, Jan, Valcke, Sophie, Viovy, Nicolas, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris), Unité de Mécanique (UME), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) ( LMD ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique ( CNRM-GAME ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones ( LACy ), Météo France-Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées ( Univ. Paris-Saclay, ENSTA ParisTech ), Unité de Mécanique ( UME ), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique ( CERFACS ), CERFACS, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur ( LIMSI ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique ( LCFIO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut d'Optique Graduate School ( IOGS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques ( LOCEAN ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace ( IPSL ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
[ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology
Published
2011

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