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Beibei Luo,1 Baolong Pan,2 Guancheng Zhao,1 Jiefen Li,1 Li Sun1 1Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, 653100, People’s Republic of China; 2Physical Examination Center, People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, 653100, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Baolong Pan, Physical Examination Center, People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 21 Nieer Road, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, 653100, People’s Republic of China, Email pbl1210@126.comIntroduction: Serum magnesium is a crucial mineral within the human body. It is imperative for diabetic patients to maintain optimal serum magnesium levels. We focus on the relationship between glycemic control and serum magnesium in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: The retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study comprised 1694 patients recruited from the People’s Hospital of Yuxi. Fasting blood samples were collected for analysis, accompanied by the recording of participants’ demographic characteristics. Patients were categorized into two groups based on whether their glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels < 7%. A t-test was employed to identify significant differences between the two groups. Correlation coefficients were calculated using Pearson’s method. A Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between variables and glycemic control. A linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between serum magnesium levels and HbA1c.Results: Patients with poor glycemic control exhibited elevated age, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) compared to those with good glycemic control (P < 0.001). Additionally, total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly higher in patients with poor glycemic control. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and serum magnesium levels were lower in patients with poor glycemic control. Serum magnesium levels exhibited negative correlations with HOMA-IR (r = − 0.05, P < 0.05), HbA1c (r = − 0.29, P < 0.05), and FPG (r = − 0.20, P < 0.05). Moreover, serum magnesium was significantly associated with reduced odds of glycemic control (OR = 0.0005, 95% CI 0.0001– 0.0027, P < 0.001).Conclusion: The serum magnesium level in patients with T2DM is closely associated with glycemic control.Keywords: serum magnesium, glycaemic control, diabetes

Baocheng Pan,1 Chengli Zhao,1 Yizhao Gong,1 Jiaxuan Miao,1 Bingda Zhang,2 Yan Li1 1Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yan Li, Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Email liyan@shnu.edu.cnBackground: Depression, a severe mental disorder, not only jeopardizes the health of mothers but also significantly negative impacts on families and their children. This study investigates the correlation between household chaos and maternal depression.Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design and used the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Parent-Child Relationship Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory to assess 1947 mothers of children in seven kindergartens in Shanghai, China.Results: The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between household chaos, marital conflict, and maternal depression. Marital conflict also showed a significantly positively correlated with maternal depression. Marital conflict mediates the relationship between household chaos and maternal depression. Parent-child relationships moderated the direct effect of household chaos on maternal depression. When parent-child relationships were low, household chaos had a greater predictive effect on maternal depression. Conversely, when parent-child relationships were high, the predictive effect of household chaos on maternal depression was reduced.Conclusion: This study reveals that parent-child relationships play a protective role in the impact of household chaos on maternal depression. This study significantly contributes to enriching the social support buffering model.Keywords: household chaos, marital conflict, parent-child relationships, maternal depression

Hao Zhang,1,&ast; Anqi Xu,2,&ast; Xiangxiang Li,3,&ast; Binbin Pan,1 Xin Wan1 1Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Quality Management, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Yuhua Hospital, Yuhua Branch of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Binbin Pan; Xin Wan, Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, No. 68, Changle Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 025-87726209, Email panbinbin@njmu.edu.cn; wanxin@njmu.edu.cnBackground and Objectives: Loss of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is accompanied with proteinuria, especially macroproteinuria. The complement system participates kidney disease resulting in proteinuria. Whether the ratio of complement and IgG is associated with macroproteinuria remains unknown.Design, Setting, Participants and Measurements: A total of 1013 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were recruited according to the electrical case records system with 268 patients who endured kidney biopsy. Patients were grouped via the estimated glomerular filtration rate or the levels of proteinuria determination. Biomarkers in different CKD groups or proteinuria groups were compared by one-way ANOVA or independent samples t-test. Pearson or spearman analysis was employed to analyze correlation between clinical indexes. Further, influence factor of macroproteinuria was studied by using binary logistic regression. The ROC curve was performed to explore probable predictive biomarker for macroproteinuria.Results: No significant difference of complement C3 and C4 among CKD1 to CKD5 stages, while higher level of complement C4 in patients with macroproteinuria. Further, C4 had a positive correlation with proteinuria (r=0.255, p=0.006). After adjusted for age, IgA, IgM, triglyceride and HDL, a binary logistic regression model showed lnC4/IgG (OR=3.561, 95% CI 2.196– 5.773, p< 0.01), gender (OR=1.737, 95% CI 1.116– 2.702, p=0.014), age (OR=0.983, 95% CI 0.969– 0.997, p=0.014), and history of diabetes (OR=0.405, 95% CI 0.235– 0.699, p< 0.01) were independent influence factors of macroproteinuria. The area under the ROC curve was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.75– 0.82, p< 0.001) for C4/IgG. The analysis of ROC curves revealed a best cut-off for complement C4 was 0.024 and yielded a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 71%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.841 (95% CI: 0.735– 0.946, p < 0.001) for C4/IgG in IgA nephropathy patients. The analysis of ROC curves revealed a best cut-off for complement C4/IgG was 0.026 and yielded a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 81.2%. The area under the ROC curve for C4/IgG in CKD1-5 stages were 0.772, 0.811, 0.785, 0.835, 0.674.Conclusion: Complement C4/IgG could be used to predict macroproteinuria.Keywords: complement C4, immunoglobulin G, macroproteinuria, chronic kidney disease, kidney biopsy

Shaoqi Zong,1,2,&ast; Guokai Huang,1,3,&ast; Bo Pan,1,&ast; Shasha Zhao,4 Changquan Ling,1,3 Binbin Cheng1,3 1Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, People’s Republic of China; 3Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200043, People’s Republic of China; 4Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Binbin Cheng, Oncology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200043, People’s Republic of China, Email cbb8202@smmu.edu.cn Changquan Ling, Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200043, People’s Republic of China, Email changquanling@smmu.edu.cnPurpose: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is commonly used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, not all patients respond to this treatment. TACE typically leads to hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we aimed to construct a prognostic model based on hypoxia-related differentially expressed microRNA (miRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to investigate the potential target mRNAs for predicting TACE response.Methods: The hypoxia-related miRNAs (HRMs) were identified in liver cancer cells, then global test was performed to further select the miRNAs which were associated with recurrence and vascular invasion. A prognostic model was constructed based on multivariate Cox regression analysis; qRT-PCR analysis was used to validate the differentially expressed miRNAs in HCC cell lines under hypoxic condition. We further identified the putative target genes of the miRNAs and investigate the relationship between the target genes and TACE response, immune cells infiltration.Results: We established a HRMs prognostic model for HCC patients, containing two miRNAs (miR-638, miR-501-5p), the patients with high-HRMs score showed worse survival in discovery and validation cohort; qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that these two miRNAs are up-regulated in hepatoma cells under hypoxic condition. Furthermore, four putative target genes of these two miRNAs were identified (ADH1B, CTH, FTCD, RCL1), which were significantly associated with TACE response, immune score, immunosuppressive immune cells infiltration, PDCD1 and CTLA4.Conclusion: The HCC-HRMs signature may be utilized as a promising prognostic factor and may have implications for guiding TACE and immune therapy.Keywords: hypoxia, miRNA, signature, hepatocellular carcinoma, prognosis

Glacial meltwater is an important environmental variable for ecosystem dynamics along the biologically productive Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf. This region is experiencing rapid change, including increasing glacial meltwater discharge associated with the melting of land ice. To better understand the WAP environment and aid ecosystem forecasting, additional methods are needed for monitoring and quantifying glacial meltwater for this remote, sparsely sampled location. Prior studies showed that sea surface glacial meltwater (SSGM) has unique optical characteristics which may allow remote sensing detection via ocean color data. In this study, we develop a first-generation model for quantifying SSGM that can be applied to both spaceborne (MODIS-Aqua) and airborne (PRISM) ocean color platforms. In addition, the model was prepared and verified with one of the more comprehensive in-situ stable oxygen isotope datasets compiled for the WAP region. The SSGM model appears robust and provides accurate predictions of the fractional contribution of glacial meltwater to seawater when compared with in-situ data (r = 0.82, median absolute percent difference = 6.38%, median bias = −0.04), thus offering an additional novel method for quantifying and studying glacial meltwater in the WAP region.

Shan Niu,1,&ast; Xiaoxiao Yin,1,&ast; Bing Pan,2 Haotian Chen,1 Chunxiao Dai,3 Chunnan Tong,4 Fang Chen,2 Xiuqin Feng1 1Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Psychology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Psychiatry, The Second Hospital of Jinhua, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiuqin FengNursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email fengxiuqin@zju.edu.cnBackground: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and depression often co-occur among adolescents with more severe clinical symptoms. This study examined the network structures of NSSI and depressive symptoms in adolescents.Methods: Participants were recruited in the psychiatric outpatient clinics of three tertiary hospitals between April 10 and July 10, 2023. All participants been already found with self-injury behaviors in outpatient when enrolled. NSSI diagnostic criteria and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were utilized to collect NSSI and depressive symptoms separately. We performed a network analysis to visualize the correlation between each symptom and to identify core and bridging symptoms in comorbidities.Results: A total of 248 patients were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 15.48 (SD = 1.62). Based on the PHQ-9 scores and grades, our results showed that the incidence of depression in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury behavior was relatively high (N=235, 94.76%), with the majority having severe depression. The network analysis revealed that nodes D-6 “feeling bad, failing or letting yourself or your family down”, D-1 “little interest or pleasure” and D-4 “feeling tired” were the most vital and most central symptoms. The most crucial bridging symptom is the node NSSI-8 “frequent thinking about self-injury”, which connects the NSSI to the depression comorbid network.Conclusion: This study offers a significant symptom-level conceptualization of the association between NSSI and depressive symptoms in a clinical sample of adolescents, which not only enhances our understanding of the comorbid but also identifies potential treatment targets to prevent and treat comorbidity between adolescent NSSI and depression.Keywords: non-suicidal self-injury, depression, comorbidity network, bridge symptoms, network analysis

Yuying Zhao,1 Hanxu Tan,2 Juping Zhang,1,3 Bo Pan,1 Neng Wang,2 Tongkai Chen,4 Yafei Shi,1,2 Zhiyu Wang1,3,5 1State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 3Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 4Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zhiyu Wang; Yafei Shi, Email wangzhiyu@gzucm.edu.cn; shiyafei@gzucm.edu.cnAbstract: Lipid-structured vesicles have been applied for drug delivery system for over 50 years. Based on their origin, lipid-structured vesicles are divided into two main categories, namely synthetic lipid vesicles (SLNVEs) and vesicles of mammalian origin (MDVEs). Although SLNVEs can stably transport anti-cancer drugs, their biocompatibility is poor and degradation of exogenous substances is a potential risk. Unlike SLNVEs, MDVEs have excellent biocompatibility but are limited by a lack of stability and a risk of contamination by dangerous pathogens from donor cells. Since the first discovery of plant-derived vesicles (PDVEs) in carrot cell supernatants in 1967, emerging evidence has shown that PDVEs integrate the advantages of both SLNVEs and MDVEs. Notably, 55 years of dedicated research has indicated that PDVEs are an ideal candidate vesicle for drug preparation, transport, and disease treatment. The current review systematically focuses on the role of PDVEs in cancer therapy and in particular compares the properties of PDVEs with those of conventional lipid vesicles, summarizes the preparation methods and quality control of PDVEs, and discusses the application of PDVEs in delivering anti-cancer drugs and their underlying molecular mechanisms for cancer therapy. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of PDVEs for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against cancer are discussed. Keywords: plant-derived vesicles, cancer therapy, drug delivery, liposome nanoparticles, mammalian-derived exosomes

Yuyi Zhang,1 Suzhen Wang,1 Chunmei Zhou,1 Yao Zhang,2 Jue Pan,2 Baishen Pan,1 Beili Wang,1 Bijie Hu,2 Wei Guo1 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wei Guo, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-21-64041990-2376, Email guo.wei@zs-hospital.sh.cn Bijie Hu, Department of Infectious Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-21-64041990-2328, Email hu.bijie@zs-hospital.sh.cnBackground: Aspergillus species are becoming a major public health concern worldwide due to the increase in the incidence of aspergillosis and emergence of antifungal resistance. In this study, we surveyed all Aspergillus species isolated from aspergillosis patients in Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China, from 2019 to 2021.Methods: We characterized the susceptibility profiles of these Aspergillus species to medical azoles (voriconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole) using YeastOneTM broth microdilution system. To determine the underlying antifungal resistance mechanisms in azole-resistant A. fumigatus (ARAf) isolates, we characterized mutations in the cyp51A gene. Genotypic diversity of sampled A. fumigatus was investigated using CSP-typing.Results: A total of 112 Aspergillus isolates (81 A. fumigatus, 17 A. flavus, 5 A. niger, 2 A. terreus, 2 A. lentulus, 2 A. oryzae, 1 A. nidulans, 1 A. versicolor and 1 A. sydowii) from 105 patients diagnosed with aspergillosis (including proven or probable invasive aspergillosis, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and cutaneous aspergillosis) were obtained. Eight isolates (7 A. fumigatus and 1 A. niger) from seven patients were either azole non-susceptible or non-wild type. Azole non-susceptible or non-wild type rate was 7.1%/isolate and 6.7%/patient analysed. Four ARAf harbored TR34/L98H mutation, whereas one carried TR46/Y121F/T289A allele. The 81 A. fumigatus isolates were spread across 8 CSP types with t01 to be the predominant type (53.1%). ARAf isolates were distributed over CSP types t01, t02, t04A and t11.Conclusion: Results from this study provided us with an understanding of the antifungal resistance and related characteristics of Aspergillus species in Eastern China. Further comparisons of our results with those in other countries reflect potential clonal expansion of A. fumigatus in our region. Further surveillance study is warranted to guide antifungal therapy and for epidemiological purposes.Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillosis, antifungal susceptibility profile, non-susceptible, non-wild type, CSP-typing

Zhangdi Xu,1– 3,&ast; Bihui Pan,1– 3,&ast; Yue Li,1– 3 Yi Xia,1– 3 Jinhua Liang,1– 3 Yilin Kong,1– 3 Xinyu Zhang,1– 3 Jing Tang,1– 3 Li Wang,1– 3 Jianyong Li,1– 3 Wei Xu,1– 3,&ast; Jiazhu Wu1– 3,&ast; 1Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 3Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jiazhu Wu; Wei Xu, Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-25-83781120, Fax +86-25-83781120, Email wujiazhu09@sina.com; xuwei10000@hotmail.comBackground: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a subtype of B-cell malignancy with high heterogeneity. Ferroptosis is a novel cell death induced by iron and lipid peroxidation and exhibits prognostic value in many cancers. Emerging studies on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and ferroptosis reveal the unique value in tumorigenesis. However, the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRLs) remains unclear in CLL.Aim: We aimed to construct a FRLs risk model to predict prognosis and improve prognostic stratification for clinical practice.Methods: RNA-sequencing data and clinical characteristics of CLL patients were downloaded from the GEO database. Based on ferroptosis-related genes from FerrDb database, differentially expressed FRLs with prognostic significance were identified and used to generate the risk model. The capability of the risk model was assessed and evaluated. GO and KEGG analyses were performed to confirm biological roles and potential pathways.Results: A novel ferroptosis-related lncRNAs prognostic score (FPS) model containing six FRLs (PRKCQ, TRG.AS1, LNC00467, LNC01096, PCAT6 and SBF2.AS1) was identified. Patients in the training and validation cohort were evenly divided into high- and low-risk groups. Our results indicated that patients in the high-risk group had worse survival than those in the low-risk group. Functional enrichment analyses showed that the differently expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were enriched in the chemokine signaling pathway, hematopoietic cell lineage, T cell differentiation, TCR pathway and NF-κB pathway. Moreover, significant differences in immune cell infiltration were also observed. Surprisingly, FPS was proved to be an independent prognostic indicator for OS.Conclusion: We established and evaluated a novel prognostic risk model with 6 FRLs that could predict prognosis accurately and describe the distinct immune infiltration in CLL.Keywords: chronic lymphocytic leukemia, ferroptosis, long non-coding RNAs, prognosis, immune infiltration

Baocheng Pan,1,&ast; Shiyi Fan,1,&ast; Zhanmei Song,2 Yu Li3 1College of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2College of International Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3The Family Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhanmei Song; Yu Li, Email songzhanmei@126.com; yuli2022@u.northwestern.eduObjective: Depression has become a topic of widespread concern around the world, and teachers’ depression has also had an important impact on the healthy development of education. However, there are differences in the cognitive theory of depression and positive psychology about the mechanism of depression. This study attempts to verify the related viewpoints of the two viewpoints through empirical research.Methods: Three hundred and twenty eight preschool teachers were measured with authenticity scale, five facet mindfulness questionnaire, center for epidemiologic studies depression scale, and general alienation scale.Results: Individual authenticity negatively predicted depression. Mindfulness can mediate the relationship between individual authenticity and depression. Self-alienation mediates the relationship between individual authenticity and depression. In addition, mindfulness and self-alienation played a sequential mediating role between individual authenticity and depression.Conclusion: Mindfulness and self-alienation play a sequential mediating role between individual authenticity and depression. This study not only confirms the relevant theoretical viewpoints of positive psychology on depression, but also believes that individual depression is not only affected by one’s own negative bias but also by one’s own positive factors. At the same time, the individual’s own positive factors will affect the negative factors. This perspective will provide new literature references to existing relevant theories about depression. In addition, this study will also provide literature reference for early childhood education practice.Keywords: preschool teacher, individual authenticity, depression, mindfulness, self-alienation

Baocheng Pan,1,* Hongyu Wu,1,* Xianhua Zhang2 1College of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Education, Shandong Women’s University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xianhua Zhang, Email zhangxianhua2010@163.comPurpose: Teaching is a tough and stressful profession. Teachers’ pressure and job burnout have become a common and serious problem, which makes teachers’ subjective well-being feel a serious impact. The kindergarten environment is challenging and unique. The educational objects faced by kindergarten teachers are usually immature, which brings challenges to the teaching of kindergarten teachers. At the same time, in China, kindergarten teachers also need to undertake daily administrative management and other tasks. Therefore, focusing on the subjective well-being of kindergarten teachers in developing countries during the stage of the COVID-19 pandemic has important implications for promoting teacher well-being globally.Patients and Methods: The study included 321 kindergarten teachers from 13 kindergartens in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. A cross-sectional study design was used with a cluster random sampling technique. For the present study, Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire, Emotional Intelligence Scale, Work–Family Balance Scale and Subjective Well-being Scale were utilized.Results: Findings of the study show that trait mindfulness can directly predict subjective well-being. Emotional intelligence played a mediating role in the relationship between trait mindfulness and subjective well-being. Work–family balance played a mediating role between trait mindfulness and subjective well-being. Emotional intelligence and work–family balance play a sequential mediating effect between trait mindfulness and subjective well-being.Conclusion: This study explores the influence mechanism of trait mindfulness on kindergarten teachers’ subjective well-being from the perspective of metacognition. An important conclusion of this study is that emotional intelligence and work–family balance play a sequential mediating effect between trait mindfulness and subjective well-being. We believe the findings of this study have important implications for enriching existing theory and educational practice. This finding has important implications for improving the subjective well-being of kindergarten teachers in developing countries, especially in the context of the current severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education systems.Keywords: trait mindfulness, emotional intelligence, work–family balance, subjective well-being, kindergarten teacher

Precipitation downscaling is widely employed for enhancing the resolution and accuracy of precipitation products from general circulation models (GCMs). In this study, we propose a novel statistical downscaling method to foster GCMs' precipitation prediction resolution and accuracy for the monsoon region. We develop a deep neural network composed of a convolution and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent module to estimate precipitation based on well-resolved atmospheric dynamical fields. The proposed model is compared against the GCM precipitation product and classical downscaling methods in the Xiangjiang River Basin in South China. Results show considerable improvement compared to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)-Interim reanalysis precipitation. Also, the model outperforms benchmark downscaling approaches, including (1) quantile mapping, (2) the support vector machine, and (3) the convolutional neural network. To test the robustness of the model and its applicability in practical forecasting, we apply the trained network for precipitation prediction forced by retrospective forecasts from the ECMWF model. Compared to the ECMWF precipitation forecast, our model makes better use of the resolved dynamical field for more accurate precipitation prediction at lead times from 1 day up to 2 weeks. This superiority decreases with the forecast lead time, as the GCM's skill in predicting atmospheric dynamics is diminished by the chaotic effect. Finally, we build a distributed hydrological model and force it with different sources of precipitation inputs. Hydrological simulation forced with the neural network precipitation estimation shows significant advantage over simulation forced with the original ERA-Interim precipitation (with NSE value increases from 0.06 to 0.64), and the performance is only slightly worse than the observed precipitation forced simulation (NSE = 0.82). This further proves the value of the proposed downscaling method, and suggests its potential for hydrological forecasts.

Precipitation process is generally considered to be poorly represented in numerical weather/climate models. Statistical downscaling (SD) methods, which relate precipitation with model resolved dynamics, often provide more accurate precipitation estimates compared to model's raw precipitation products. We introduce the convolutional neural network model to foster this aspect of SD for daily precipitation prediction. Specifically, we restrict the predictors to the variables that are directly resolved by discretizing the atmospheric dynamics equations. In this sense, our model works as an alternative to the existing precipitation-related parameterization schemes for numerical precipitation estimation. We train the model to learn precipitation-related dynamical features from the surrounding dynamical fields by optimizing a hierarchical set of spatial convolution kernels. We test the model at 14 geogrid points across the contiguous United States. Results show that provided with enough data, precipitation estimates from the convolutional neural network model outperform the reanalysis precipitation products, as well as SD products using linear regression, nearest neighbor, random forest, or fully connected deep neural network. Evaluation for the test set suggests that the improvements can be seamlessly transferred to numerical weather modeling for improving precipitation prediction. Based on the default network, we examine the impact of the network architectures on model performance. Also, we offer simple visualization and analyzing approaches to interpret the models and their results. Our study contributes to the following two aspects: First, we offer a novel approach to enhance numerical precipitation estimation; second, the proposed model provides important implications for improving precipitation-related parameterization schemes using a data-driven approach.

As the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region responds to a warmer climate, the impacts of glacial meltwater on the Southern Ocean are expected to intensify. The Antarctic Peninsula fjord system offers an ideal system to understand meltwater's properties, providing an extreme in the meltwater's spatial gradient from the glacio-marine boundary to the WAP continental shelf. Glacial meltwater discharge in Arctic and Greenland fjords is typically characterized as relatively lower temperature, fresh and with high turbidity. During two cruises conducted in December 2015 and April 2016 in Andvord Bay, we found a water lens of low salinity and low temperature along the glacio-marine interface. Oxygen isotope ratios identified this water lens as a mixture of glacial ice and deep water in Gerlache Strait suggesting this is glacial meltwater. Conventional hydrographic measurements were combined with optical properties to effectively quantify its spatial extent. Fine suspended sediments associated with meltwater (nanoparticles of ~ 5nm) had a significant impact on the underwater light field and enabled the detection of meltwater characteristics and spatial distribution. In this study, we illustrate that glacial meltwater in Andvord Bay alters the inherent and apparent optical properties of the water column, and develop statistical models to predict the meltwater content from hydrographic and optical measurements. The predicted meltwater fraction is in good agreement with in-situ values. These models offer a potential for remote sensing and high-resolution detection of glacial meltwater in Antarctic waters. Furthermore, the possible influence of meltwater on phytoplankton abundance in the surface is highlighted; a significant correlation is found between meltwater fraction and chlorophyll concentration.

Mengqiu Xiong,1,&ast; Bei Pan,2,&ast; Xuhong Wang,2 Junjie Nie,1 Yuqin Pan,1 Huiling Sun,1 Tao Xu,1 William CS Cho,3 Shukui Wang,1,4,5 Bangshun He1,4,5 1Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210006, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hongkong SAR, People’s Republic of China; 4Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People’s Republic of China; 5Helicobacter pylori Research Key Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bangshun He, Email hebangshun@163.comBackground: DNA methylation in the CpG island is associated with gastric cancer, genetic variations residue in genes involved in methylation pathway could contribute to the occurrence of gastric cancer. Here, we investigated the association between DNMTs (DNMT1/DNMT3A/DNMT3B), MTHFR genetic variations and gastric cancer risk and patients’ survival.Patients and Methods: We recruited 490 gastric cancer patients and 488 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The genotypes of the genetic variations were detected by a Mass-array platform. A commercial Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) immunogold testing kit was used to determine the H. pylori infection.Results: We found that carriers of DNMT1 rs2228612C allele was associated with decreased gastric cancer risk (CT vs. TT: adjusted OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53– 0.94, P = 0.02; CT/CC vs.TT: adjusted OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56– 0.96, P = 0.02). Further stratified analysis showed that DNMT1 rs2228612 CT/CC were associated with a decreased gastric cancer risk in the subgroups of age ≤ 64 years old (adjusted OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.41– 0.90, P = 0.01), male (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.53– 0.98, P = 0.03), negative H. pylori infection (adjusted OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.45– 0.98, P = 0.04), tumor stage T3-T4 (adjusted OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51– 0.92, P = 0.01), and non-gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (NGCA) (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54– 0.97, P = 0.03). However, none of the genetic variations of this study was associated with overall survival.Conclusion: We concluded that the DNMT1 rs2228612C genotype is a protective factor for gastric cancer in Han Chinese population.Keywords: DNMTs, MTHFR, genetic variation, gastric cancer

Pingping Zhao,1 Junxin Yan,1 Binjing Pan,1 Jingfang Liu,1,2 Songbo Fu,1,2 Jianguo Cheng,1,2 Liting Wang,1,2 Gaojing Jing,1,2 Qiong Li1,2 1The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jingfang Liu, Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 931-8356242, Email ljf824168@126.comObjective: To explore the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: A total of 1168 patients with T2DM were divided into the non-CKD and CKD groups, and the difference in the prevalence of NAFLD was compared. The differences in serum creatinine (SCr) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) levels were compared between the non-NAFLD and NAFLD groups. Patients with T2DM were divided into three groups according to their UACR levels (UACR < 30 mg/g [U1 group]; UACR ≤ 30 mg/g to < 300 mg/g [U2 group]; and UACR ≥ 300 mg/g [U3 group]) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels (≥ 90 mL/min [G1 group]; eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min to < 90 mL/min [G2 group]; and eGFR < 60 mL/min (G3 group]). The difference in the prevalence and risks of NAFLD in the different UACR or eGFR level groups was analyzed.Results: The prevalence of NAFLD in the CKD group was higher than that in the non-CKD group (63.5% vs 50.5%, p < 0.001). The SCr and UACR levels in the NAFLD group were higher than those in the non-NAFLD group (both p< 0.05). The prevalence of NAFLD in the U3 group (75.6%) was higher than that in the U1 (50.5%, p < 0.05) and U2 (60.1%, p < 0.05) groups, and the prevalence of NAFLD in the U2 group (60.1%) was higher than that in the U1 group (50.5%, p < 0.05). The risk of NAFLD in the U3 group was higher than that in the U2 group (odds ratio [OR] = 3.032 and 1.473). Despite adjusting the parameters further, the NAFLD risk in the U3 group remained higher than that in the U2 group (OR = 1.660 and 2.342).Conclusion: The risk of NAFLD in patients with T2DM is closely related to CKD.Keywords: type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease

Xuhong Wang,1,2,&ast; Mengqiu Xiong,2,&ast; Bei Pan,1,2 William CS Cho,3 Jin Zhou,4 Shukui Wang,1,2,5 Bangshun He2,5 1School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 5Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shukui WangSchool of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail sk_wang@njmu.edu.cnBangshun HeDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail bhe@njmu.edu.cnObjective: The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the one-carbon metabolism pathway (MTR rs1805087; MTHFR rs1801133; ALDH1L1 rs2002287, rs2276731; DNMT1 rs16999593, rs2228611; DNMT3B rs2424908) and the risk of female breast cancer (BC) in a Chinese population.Methods: A population-based case–control study was conducted, involving a total of 439 BC patients and 439 age-matched healthy controls. We adopted Sequence MASSarray to identify genotyping, and used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to test the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) in tumor tissue.Results: We found that rs16999593 (TC/CC vs TT: adjusted OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.03– 1.84, p=0.030) was associated with an increased risk of BC, while rs2228611 was related to a decreased BC risk (GA/AA vs GG: adjusted OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.56– 0.97, p=0.030). In addition, stratified analysis revealed that DNMT1 rs16999593, rs2228611 and ALDH1L1 rs2002287 contributed to the risk of BC, with associations with ER, PR and HER-2 expression.Conclusion: In summary, this study revealed that DNMT1 rs16999593 and rs2228611 were associated with BC risk.Keywords: one-carbon metabolism, DNA methylation, DNMT1, SNP, breast cancer

Chenwei Pan,1,* Tiaotiao Zhang,2,3,* Shaoxun Li,1,3,* Zhihua Xu,2,3 Binhui Pan,2,3 Sheng Xu,2,3 Shuanghong Jin,1,3 Guangrong Lu,2 Shouxing Yang,2 Zhanxiong Xue,2 Ping Chen,4 Xian Shen,5 Fangyan Wang,6 Changlong Xu2,7 1Department of Infectious Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 3Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Infectious Disease, Shulan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 7Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fangyan Wang; Changlong Xu Email wzyxywfy@126.com; xchlong@163.comBackground: As a therapeutic target for cancer treatment, HSP90 has been explored extensively. However, the significant side effects of the HSP90 inhibitor 17AAG have limited its clinical use.Methods: In this study, we used hyaluronic acid (HA)–decorated DOTAP–PLGA hybrid nanoparticles (HA-DOTAP-PLGA NPs) as 17AAG-delivery carriers for targeted colon cancer therapy.Results: Different methods were used to characterize the successful fabrication of these hybrid PLGA NPs. Our results demonstrated that internalization of HA-NPs in colon cancer cells was governed by CD44receptor–mediated endocytosis. Annexin V–propidium iodide staining experiments revealed that cell apoptosis induced by HA-NPs-17AAG in colon cancer cells was more efficient than free 17AAG. In two animal models used to screen anticancer efficacy (Luc-HT29 subcutaneous xenograft and AOM/DSS-induced orthotopic tumor model), HA-NPs-17AAG significantly inhibited xenograft and orthotopic tumor growth, demonstrating HA-NPs-17AAG had much better therapeutic efficiency than free 17AAG. It is worth noting that great biocompatibility of HA-DOTAP-PLGA NPs was observed both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion: Our research offers a preclinical proof of concept for colon cancer therapy with DOTAP-PLGA NPs as a creative drug-delivery system.Keywords: cationic hybrid nanoparticles, hyaluronic acid, HA, HSP90 inhibitor, colon cancer, targeted delivery system