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The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of bilateral upper-limb training (BULT) in helping people with upper-limb impairments due to stroke or brain illness regain their previous level of function. Patients recuperating from a stroke or cerebral disease were given the option of undergoing BULT or conventional training to enhance their upper-limb function. Participants were randomly allocated to one of the several different fitness programs. Results from the action research arm test, Box and block test, Wolf motor function test, Fugal–Meyer evaluation, and any other tests administered were taken into account. Some researchers have found that exercising with BULT for just 30 min per day for 6 weeks yields significant results. There were a total of 1,411 individuals from 10 randomized controlled trials included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis findings revealed that biofeedback treatment outperformed conventional rehabilitation therapy in reducing lower leg muscular strain, complete spasm scale score, electromyography score, and inactive ankle joint range of motion. An analysis of the literature found that BULT improved limb use in people who had suffered a stroke and hemiplegia but it did not provide any additional benefit over unilateral training.

A key research focus at present is the exploration and innovation of electrode materials suitable for energy storage and conversion. Molybdenum-based sulfides/selenides (primarily MoS2 and MoSe2) have garnered attention in recent years due to their intrinsic two-dimensional structures, which are conducive to ion/electron transfer or insertion/extraction, making them promising candidates in electrocatalytic hydrogen production and sodium-ion battery applications. However, their inherently poor electronic structures have led most research efforts to concentrate on modifications aimed at enhancing their performance in hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Owing to their remarkable chemical inertness, expansive specific surface areas, and tunable pore architectures, carbon-based materials have garnered significant attention in research. The utilization of biomass as a renewable and environmentally sustainable precursor offers considerable benefits, including abundant availability, ecological compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Consequently, recent scholarly endeavors have concentrated intensively on the synthesis of valuable carbon materials derived from renewable biomass sources. This review addresses the scientific challenges related to the development of electrode materials for HERs and SIBs in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. It delves into the recent focus on the two-dimensional transition-metal chalcogenides, particularly MoS2 and MoSe2, and the difficulties encountered in modulating their electronic structures when applied to HERs and SIBs. The review proposes the use of eco-friendly and widely sourced biomass-derived carbon (BMC) as a supporting matrix combined with MoS2 and MoSe2 to regulate their structures and enhance their electrocatalytic activity and sodium storage performance. Additionally, it highlights the existing challenges faced by these BMC/MoS2 and BMC/MoSe2 composites and offers insights into future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing use of technology in nursing, how nurses perform practice care has changed, inevitably leading to ethical concerns that differ from original ethical norms in nursing. Studies have focused on ethical issues in health informatics from clinicians' or patients' perspectives, while nurses' perspective is needed. This paper conducts a theoretical study on ethical predicaments that arise in nursing informatics from nurses' perspectives. Why and how these predicaments emerge are elaborated. Also, this paper offers countermeasures in realistic contexts from technique, education, and leadership aspects. Collaborations between governments, administrators, educators, technicians, and nurses are needed to step out of these predicaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Time-consuming culture methods and wet-mount microscopy (WMM) with low sensitivity have difficulties in diagnosing Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Rapid and highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction coupled with quantum dot fluorescence analysis (PCR-QDFA) for the diagnosis of VVC has not been reported to date. This study was the first to evaluate the performance of PCR-QDFA for diagnosis of Candida strains in the leukorrhea samples from patients with suspected VVC.Patients and Methods: Leukorrhea samples from all visited patients were taken from the vagina using vaginal swabs by clinicians. We evaluated patients admitted with suspected VVC who completed WMM for diagnosis and reported the diagnostic effectiveness of PCR-QDFA and Candida culture (gold standard) when testing leucorrhea samples.Results: A total of 720 leukorrhea samples from 387 VVC-positive patients and 333 VVC-negative patients were included in this study. Of the 387 leukorrhea samples from the VVC-positive patients, 391 Candida strains were identified by culture. 99.23% (388/391) Candida strains were included in the PCR-QDFA list. The 388 Candida strains belonged to four different species of Candida, including C. albicans (n = 273, 70.36%), C. glabrata (n = 85, 21.91%), C. tropicalis (n = 16, 4.12%), and C. krusei (n = 14, 3.61%). PCR-QDFA diagnosed Candida strains in 340/384 (88.54%) of the leucorrhea samples with Candida strains infection. The sensitivity of PCR-QDFA for C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei was 89.01%, 85.88%, 81.25% and 92.86%, respectively. The specificity of PCR-QDFA for C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei was 93.69%, 99.37%, 99.71%, and 99.57%, respectively.Conclusion: The highly sensitive and specific PCR-QDFA technique can be exploited as a rapid (approximately 4 h) diagnostic tool for common Candida strains of leucorrhea samples from patients with suspected VVC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and its prevalence has been increasing for decades. Approx. 95% of differentiated thyroid carcinomas are treated using 131iodine (131I), a radionuclide with a half-life of 8 days, to achieve optimal thyroid residual ablation following thyroidectomy. However, while 131I is highly enriched in eliminating thyroid tissue, it can also retain and damage other body parts (salivary glands, liver, etc.) without selectivity, and even trigger salivary gland dysfunction, secondary cancer, and other side effects. A significant amount of data suggests that the primary mechanism for these side effects is the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, causing a severe imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant in the cellular components, resulting in secondary DNA damage and abnormal vascular permeability. Antioxidants are substances that are capable of binding free radicals and reducing or preventing the oxidation of the substrate in a significant way. These compounds can help prevent damage caused by free radicals, which can attack lipids, protein amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and double bonds of DNA bases. Based on this, the rational utilization of the free radical scavenging function of antioxidants to maximize a reduction in 131I side effects is a promising medical strategy. This review provides an overview of the side effects of 131I, the mechanisms by which 131I causes oxidative stress-mediated damage, and the potential of natural and synthetic antioxidants in ameliorating the side effects of 131I. Finally, the disadvantages of the clinical application of antioxidants and their improving strategies are prospected. Clinicians and nursing staff can use this information to alleviate 131I side effects in the future, both effectively and reasonably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For lack of research of nonlinear and linear solution algorithms of selected harmonics elimination pulse width modulation used in the same level topology of inverter, a nonlinear solution equation based on homotopy algorithm and a linear solution model based on Walsh function were established for a cascade multilevel inverter. Under several topology conditions, trajectory, upper limit and harmonic elimination effect of switching angles solved by the two algorithms were compared, and setting of initial solution conditions of the two algorithms were analyzed based on multi-band modulation mode. Solving characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applicability under different control conditions of homotopy algorithm and Walsh function were summarized. It was pointed out that applying the two algorithms in the same level topology of inverter could reduce solution amount and improve control flexibility.

Aim: To evaluate the level of diabetes knowledge and related influencing factors among Chinese orthopaedic nurses. Design: A cross‐sectional observational study. The STROBE checklist was followed. Methods: A convenience sampling method was adopted by using the Questionnaire Star application to publish online questionnaire. The nurses' diabetes knowledge levels were assessed, including a total of 34 items from the "Orthopaedic Nurses Diabetes Knowledge Mastery Questionnaire" and the "Orthopaedic Nurses General Information Questionnaire" between July 2020 and September 2020. Results: Altogether, 363 nurses participated in the survey. Their levels of diabetes‐related knowledge were moderate or lower (16.51 ± 2.96 out of 25 points). The knowledge level was closely related to five factors: professional title, education level, whether the hospital employed diabetes specialist nurses or treated outpatients, type of diabetes‐related training received and whether the individual was familiar with and adhered to current treatment guidelines. The knowledge level can be improved by providing additional training that accounts for these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]