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Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) might be linked to suicidal ideation, but we do not yet have all the relevant details. This study aimed to dig deeper into the connection between UI and suicidal ideation using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: We examined 31,891 participants aged ≥ 20 years from NHANES 2005–2018 who provided complete information. We used standardized surveys to check for UI and signs of suicidal ideation. To better understand this relationship, we used statistical tools such as multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analyses. Results: Among the 31,891 participants, 28.9% reported UI and 10.7% reported suicidal ideation. Those with UI exhibited a significantly greater incidence of suicidal ideation (15.5%) than did those without UI (8.8%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for various factors, including age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status, educational level, lifestyle factors, and chronic comorbidities, UI remained significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR:1.54, 95% CI = 1.39–1.7, P < 0.001). Among all types of UI, MUI participants were more likely to experience suicidal ideation. Compared with no UI, higher odds of suicidal ideation suffered from MUI (OR:2.11, 95%CI:1.83–2.44, P < 0.001), SUI (OR:1.4, 95%CI:1.19–1.65, P < 0.001), UUI(OR:1.37,95%CI:1.16–1.62, P < 0.001) after full adjustment. With the exception of individuals living with a partner, the remaining subgroups exhibited a positive correlation between urinary incontinence and suicidal ideation, considering that factors such as age, sex, and prevalent comorbidities such as hypertension, depression, and diabetes did not reveal any statistically significant interactions (all P > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses, incorporating imputed missing covariates, did not substantially alter the results (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.4–1.68, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Urinary incontinence may correlate with increased suicidal ideation risk, priority screening for suicidal ideation and timely intervention are essential for individuals with urinary incontinence, but prospective studies are needed to verify the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pickering emulsions are considered as promising chemical oil repellents in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In this paper, an amphiphilic block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(dopamine methacrylamide) (mPEG–PDMA, abbreviated as mp) containing catechol adhesion groups was synthesized. The surface modification of A200 and SBA-15 nanoparticles was carried out using the strategy of dip-coating with mp solution, and the emulsification properties of the two modified particles and their stability were comparatively investigated. The results showed that both modified particles could achieve excellent emulsification performance. The best emulsification effect was achieved when the concentration of A200-mp and SBA-15-mp particles was 2.5 mg mL−1 and the oil phase volume fraction was 0.5. The emulsions stabilized by SBA-15-mp tended to be invertible when the volume fraction of the oil phase was 0.7 or pH = 2–3 or when NaCl was added, and O/W emulsions could be inverted into W/O types. Interestingly, the emulsions stabilized by A200-mp particles showed good acid resistance, alkali resistance, high salt resistance, multiple oil phase applicability and centrifugal shear stability. In the simulated rock permeation experiments, the emulsions prepared using A200-mp particles could stably permeate in the silica sand column without an obvious chromatographic separation effect, which is promising for application in tertiary oil recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and authorities have become increasingly interested in how the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the real economy and financial markets around the world since its outbreak in late 2019. Applying the methods of multifractal analysis, this paper investigates the fluctuation characteristics and market risks of Chinese industry and stock markets under the COVID-19 pandemic, and reveals the whole dynamics of industry and stock markets from the perspective of system theory. The empirical results show that the multifractal strength of the industry market has significantly increased during the pandemic with elevated systematic risk, while the situation is different for the stock market. Specifically, the Hurst surfaces generated using the multiscale technique intuitively visualize the dynamical behaviors of the systematic fluctuation of the Chinese industry and stock markets at various scales under the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it is found that the sources of multifractality of the two types of markets include long-range correlation and fat-tailed distribution, with the contribution of fat-tailed distribution being greater. The chi-square test is promoted in this paper to measure the contribution of the internal components of the multivariate system to the multifractality sources of the whole system, revealing that the real estate industry has a greater impact on the multifractality of the whole industry system, while the Shanghai Composite Index has a stronger influence on the whole stock system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal ocular neovascularization, a major pathology of eye diseases, leads to severe visual loss. The role of lens epithelial cell (LEC)‐derived exosomes (Lec‐exo) is largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether Lec‐exo can inhibit abnormal ocular neovascularization and explore the possible mechanisms. In our study, we proved the first evidence that exosomes derived from LECs attenuated angiogenesis in both oxygen‐induced retinopathy and laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization mice models. Further in vitro experiments proved that Lec‐exo inhibited proliferation, migration, and tube formation capability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in high glucose condition. Further high‐throughput miRNAs sequencing analysis detected that miR‐146a‐5p was enriched in Lec‐exo. Mechanistically, exosomal miR‐146a‐5p was delivered to endothelial cells and bound to the NRAS coding sequence, which subsequently inactivated AKT/ERK signaling pathway. We successfully elucidated the function of Lec‐exo in inhibiting abnormal ocular neovascularization, which may offer a promising strategy for treatment of abnormal ocular neovascularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, MOFs materials functionalized (HC-MOFs) with heterocyclic ligands (thiophene-TPC, pyrrole-PCA and furfural-FUR) were prepared by a one-step method and used for cobalt ion separation studies. The results showed that the maximum adsorption of cobalt ions by the three adsorbents was 141.0 mg/g (UiO-66-TPC), 146.0 mg/g (UiO-66-PCA), and 150.6 mg/g (UiO-66-FUR), respectively, at pH 8.3 and a temperature of 298 K. In addition, The HC-MOFs showed good stability under different doses (0 ~ 200 kGy) of γ-ray irradiation and have great potential for application in the separation of practical radioactive wastewater containing 60Co. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-invasive detection of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutational status in gliomas is clinically meaningful for molecular stratification of glioma; however, it remains challenging. Purpose: To investigate the usefulness of texture analysis (TA) of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and histogram analysis of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) maps for evaluating IDH mutational status in gliomas. Material and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 84 patients with histologically confirmed gliomas, comprising IDH-mutant (n = 34) and IDH-wildtype (n = 50). TA was performed for the quantitative parameters derived by DCE-MRI. Histogram analysis was performed for the quantitative parameters derived by DKI. Unpaired Student's t -test was used to identify IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype gliomas. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to compare the diagnostic performance of each parameter and their combination for predicting the IDH mutational status in gliomas. Results: Significant statistical differences in the TA of DCE-MRI and histogram analysis of DKI were observed between IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype gliomas (all P < 0.05). Using multivariable logistic regression, the entropy of Ktrans, skewness of Ve, and Kapp−90th had higher prediction potential for IDH mutations with areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.915, 0.735, and 0.830, respectively. A combination of these analyses for the identification of IDH mutation improved the AUC to 0.978, with a sensitivity and specificity of 94.1% and 96.0%, respectively, which was higher than the single analysis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Integrating the TA of DCE-MRI and histogram analysis of DKI may help to predict the IDH mutational status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA replication stress threatens genome stability and is a hallmark of cancer in humans. The evolutionarily conserved kinases ATR (ATM and RAD3-related) and WEE1 are essential for the activation of replication stress responses. Translational control is an important mechanism that regulates gene expression, but its role in replication stress responses is largely unknown. Here we show that ATR–WEE1 control the translation of SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1), a master transcription factor required for replication stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Through genetic screening, we found that the loss of GENERAL CONTROL NONDEREPRESSIBLE 20 (GCN20) or GCN1, which function together to inhibit protein translation, suppressed the hypersensitivity of the atr or wee1 mutant to replication stress. Biochemically, WEE1 inhibits GCN20 by phosphorylating it; phosphorylated GCN20 is subsequently polyubiquitinated and degraded. Ribosome profiling experiments revealed that that loss of GCN20 enhanced the translation efficiency of SOG1, while overexpressing GCN20 had the opposite effect. The loss of SOG1 reduced the resistance of wee1 gcn20 to replication stress, whereas overexpressing SOG1 enhanced the resistance to atr or wee1 to replication stress. These results suggest that ATR–WEE1 inhibits GCN20–GCN1 activity to promote the translation of SOG1 during replication stress. These findings link translational control to replication stress responses in Arabidopsis. The ATR–WEE1 kinase-mediated activation of SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 translation links translational control to replication stress responses in Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to facile designability and versatile nanospace, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered as promising membrane materials. Compared to the mixed matrix membranes that incorporated with MOF particles, the polycrystalline MOF membranes demonstrates significant advantages in maximum utilizing the crystalline nanospace, and thus yielding a fruitful of achievements in the last twenty years. Although some reviews have summarized the development of MOF‐based membranes, the theoretical framework for oriented design and preparation of polycrystalline MOF membranes for highly efficient separation of light hydrocarbons remains in infancy. Herein, in this review, the fabrication strategies of polycrystalline MOF membranes and the corresponding performance in the separation of light hydrocarbons were classified and summarized. Particularly, the MOF membranes with global and local dynamics have been proposed as an interesting topic promoted performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a bridge between the coating and the substrate, the primer has a direct impact on the adhesion performance of silicone resin thermal protection coating. In this paper, the synergistic effects of an aminosilane coupling agent on the adhesion performance of silane primer were investigated. The results show that silane primer containing N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropylmethyl-dimethoxysilane (HD-103) formed a continuous and uniform film on the surface of the substrate. Two amino groups of HD-103 were conducive to moderate and uniform hydrolysis of the silane primer system, and the introduction of dimethoxy groups was more conducive to the improvement of interfacial layer density and the formation of the planar surface structure, thus enhancing the bond strength at the interface. When the content was 13 wt%, it exhibited excellent synergistic effects on adhesive properties, and the adhesive strength reached 1.53 MPa. The possible morphology and composition of the silane primer layer were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A thermogravimetric infrared spectrometer (TGA-IR) was used to analyze the thermal decomposition of the silane primer layer. The results showed that the alkoxy groups in the silane primer were first hydrolyzed to form Si-OH, and then the dehydration and condensation reactions between Si-OH and the substrate formed a firm network structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract With the accelerating pace of global aging, ambient assisted living (AAL) technology is expected to ease the conflict between medical supply and demand resources in long-term home care. The key to the general adoption of AAL technology is to capture the differentiated product demand of a consumer class that is heterogeneous in socio-demographics and preferences. In this study, we proposed a tailored technology acceptance model to examine the factors affecting AAL technology acceptance from multi-consumer perspectives based on a sample of 451 respondents obtaining the differences in influence paths of AAL technology acceptance for different consumer groups. Almost all subgroups regarded perceived usefulness as having a decisive role. Family caregivers, women, and single-generational households were more concerned about perceived ease of use than matched groups, and higher educated groups and multi-generational households took price value as the priority objective. This research provides guidelines for promoting AAL technology in management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adding cognitive bias modification (CBM) to treatment as usual for alcohol use disorders has been found to reduce relapse rates. However, CBM has not yielded effects as a stand-alone intervention. One possible reason may be that this is due to CBM effects being underpinned by inferential rather than associative mental mechanisms. This change in perspective has led to a proposed improved version of CBM: Inference-based ABC training. In ABC training, participants learn to relate the antecedents (A) of their addiction behavior to alternative behaviors (B) and to their expected consequences (C) in relation to their long-term goals. Mechanisms triggering and maintaining addiction, such as those targeted during ABC training, can differ between people. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and derived personalized statistics, including models depicting relationships between variables (i.e., personalized networks), are therefore promising tools to help to optimally personalize this training. In this paper, we (1) explain the theoretical background and first implementations of ABC training; (2) present novel approaches to personalize treatment based on EMA; (3) propose ways forward to integrate improved CBM approaches and EMA to potentially advance addiction treatment; and (4) discuss promises and challenges of these proposed new approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The conclusion between Connecting peptide (C-peptide) and diabetic chronic complication was controversial. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible association between average C-peptide with diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This is a retro-prospective study. 622 patients with type 2 diabetes were included. DR was evaluated using non-mydriatic fundus photography and DR progression was defined as any deterioration of either eye. Fasting and postprandial c-peptide levels were assayed at baseline and follow-up period. Differences between continuous variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test; and categorical variables were analyzed by the chi-square test. Correlation between parameters and 30-minute postprandial C-peptide were determined by Spearman correlation test. The relationship between C-peptide and DR progression was evaluated by multivariable binary logistic regression. Two-tailed P-values < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Results: DR was present in 162 (26.0%) patients at baseline, and 26.4% of patients were found progression of DR at follow-up. Patients with progression of DR had lower average levels of 30-minute postprandial C-peptide (2.01 ng/ml vs. 2.6 ng/ml, p = 0.015) and 120-minute postprandial C-peptide (3.17 ng/ml vs. 3.92 ng/ml, p < 0.029), as well as average increment of 30-minute (0.41 ng/ml vs. 0.64 ng/ml, p = 0.015) and 120-minute postprandial C-peptide (1.48 ng/ml vs. 1.93 ng/ml, p < 0.017), than those without DR aggravation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined that 30-minute postprandial C-peptide and its increment were related to reduced odds ratios for DR progression (odds ratios [OR] = 0.83 and 0.74, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the Average 30-minute post-prandial C-peptide and increment were negatively correlated with DR progression, which further demonstrates the importance to preserve β-cell residual function in the prevention for DR progression. Trial registration: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pinus massoniana (P. massoniana) is an important fast-growing tree species in China. To explore photosynthesis-related gene resources and find possible targets for high photosynthetic-efficiency breeding of P. massoniana, we cloned two full-length cDNAs with conserved sequences of RubisCO activase (RCA) genes from P. massoniana. The RCA enzyme is important in maintaining the activity of RubisCO in vivo. Two genes, named PmRCA1 and PmRCA2, showed high similarity to RCA genes from other species and were identical to each other except for a 137 bp intervening sequence in the open reading frame (ORF) of PmRCA1, which led to different protein products, herein referred to as PmRCA1 and PmRCA2, respectively. PmRCA1 and PmRCA2 showed high homology to RCA of Pinus halepensis, and PmRCA1 had two cysteine residues in its carboxyl-terminal extension that were unique to the large RCA isoform. To characterize the function of PmRCA1 and PmRCA2, plant expression vectors driven by the constitutive 35S promoter were transformed in tobacco plants. Transgenic plants of PmRCA2 were grown better than wild tobacco plants and had significantly more leaves. Overexpression of PmRCA2 increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate of tobacco by 16.49% and 81.85%, respectively. Overexpression of PmRCA1 increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate of tobacco more than overexpression of PmRCA2, but it simultaneously enhanced photoinhibition of photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: A low temperature is required for flowering in Dendrobium nobile. However, this process can be suppressed or disrupted by a high ambient temperature. Little is currently known about the regulation networks and the mechanisms behind this process. Here, we report two isoforms from the DnFCA (FLOWERING CONTROL LOCUS C in D. nobile) gene locus, DnFCAγ and DnFCAβ, which cooperatively regulate temperature-related flowering in D. nobile. The overexpression in Arabidopsis indicated that both isoforms can partially rescue the late flowering of fca-1 but tend to delay the flowering time and downregulate the APETALA1 (AP1) expression in wild-type plants. When introduced into the detached axillary buds and seedlings of D. nobile, only DnFCAγ was able to suppress the transcription of DnAPL1 (AP1-LIKE 1 in D. nobile) in axillary buds, but both of them activated DnAGL19 (AGAMOUS LIKE 19 in D. nobile) in seedlings. Vernalization induced the accumulation of DnFCAβ in leaves, which allowed the activation of DnAGL19 and DnFT for the initiation of the inflorescence meristem (IM) in axillary buds. The synchronous enrichment of DnFCAγ in axillary buds may result in the suppression of DnAPL1, avoiding the premature development of floral organs until the floral primordium is produced after a long period of low temperatures. A high ambient temperature induced the long-standing accumulation of DnFCAγ in axillary buds, which can lead to the loss of flowering competence due to the lack of DnAPL1 activation. Timely flowering is a determinative trait for many economically valuable species in the Dendrobium genus of the Orchidaceae family, some of which are used for ornamental and medicinal purposes. D. nobile, a representative species of nobile-type Dendrobium, normally flowers in spring after exposure to sufficient low temperatures in winter. However, flowering can be stopped or disrupted by the untimely application of high temperatures. Little is known about the regulation and the mechanisms behind this switch. In this study, we report two isoforms from the KFK09_017173 locus of the D. nobile genome, named DnFCAγ and DnFCAβ, respectively, that cooperatively regulate flowering in D. nobile. These two isoforms are generated by alternative 3′ polyadenylation of DnFCA (FLOWERING CONTROL LOCUS C in D. nobile) pre-mRNA and contain a distinct 3′-terminus. Both can partially rescue late flowering in the Arabidopsis fca-1 mutant, while in wild-type Arabidopsis, they tend to delay the flowering time. When introduced into the detached axillary buds or young seedlings of D. nobile, both were able to induce the transcription of DnAGL19 (AGAMOUS LIKE 19 in D. nobile) in seedlings, whereas only DnFCAγ was able to suppress the transcription of DnAPL1 (AP1-LIKE 1 in D. nobile) in axillary buds. Furthermore, the time-course change of DnFCAγ accumulation was opposite to that of DnAPL1 in axillary buds, which was remarkable under low temperatures and within a short time after the application of high temperatures, supporting the suggestion that the expression of DnAPL1 can be inhibited by a high accumulation of DnFCAγ in floral buds. In leaves, the accumulation of DnFCAβ was in accordance with that of DnAGL19 and DnFT (FLOWERING LOCUS T in D. nobile) to a large extent, suggesting the activation of the DnAGL19–DnFT pathway by DnFCAβ. Taken together, these results suggest that the DnFCAγ–DnAPL1 pathway in axillary buds and the DnFCAβ–DnAGL19 pathway in the leaves cooperatively promote flowering under low temperatures. The long-term and constant, or untimely, application of high temperatures leads to the constitutive suppression of DnAPL1 by a high level of DnFCAγ in axillary buds, which consequently delays floral development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA replication stress threatens genome stability and affects plant growth and development. How plants resolve replication stress is poorly understood. The protein kinase WEE1-mediated cell cycle arrest is required for replication stress responses. The E3 ubiquitin ligases anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and Skp1/Cullin 1/F-box (SCF) are essential regulators of the cell cycle. Here, we show that APC/CCDC20 mediates the degradation of SCFFBL17 during replication stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochemically, WEE1 interacts with and phosphorylates the APC/C co-activator APC10, which enhances the interaction between F-BOX-LIKE17 (FBL17) and CELL DIVISION CYCLE 20 (CDC20), an activator of APC/C. Both APC10 and CDC20 are required for the polyubiquitination and degradation of FBL17. Genetically, silencing CDC20 or APC10 confers plant hypersensitivity to replication stress, which is suppressed by loss of FBL17. Collectively, our study suggests that WEE1 activates APC/C to inhibit FBL17, providing insight into replication stress responses in plants. The checkpoint kinase WEE1 phosphorylates APC10 and promotes APC/CCDC20-mediated polyubiquitination and degradation of FBL17 during replication stress responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofilm formation under cariogenic conditions contributes to dental caries development, in which Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is regarded as the major cariogenic bacteria. Here, we synthesized a series of imidazolium salts. Their properties of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm were investigated. The microdilution method crystal violet staining, and cell counting Kit-8 assay were used to screen imidazolium salts. Then, the bacterial composition in multi-species biofilm composed of S. mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus gordonii was quantified by quantitative PCR. The exopolysaccharide and morphology of the structure of multi-species biofilm were further observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Imidazolium salts exhibited highly antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens, especially for S. mutans. Compounds with ortho-diisopropyl and para-methoxyl on N-moieties as well as bearing ancenaphthyl skeleton (C5) showed the lowest cytotoxicity and most efficient anti-biofilm activity. C5 inhibited approximately 50% of multi-species biofilm at 0.98 μg/mL. Notably, C5 resulted in 98.97% live S. mutans and 77.65% A. naeslundii decreased. Furthermore, the exopolysaccharide was reduced by 88%, along with a sparse and scattered microstructure. The imidazolium salts present low cytotoxicity and remarkable antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in multi-species biofilm, suggesting that they may have a great potential in anti-biofilm clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Understanding pesticide penetration behavior is important for effective application of pesticides. However, there is a lack of an effective method to monitor pesticide penetration behavior and its changing process. In the present study, a novel surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) mapping method was used for real‐time and in situ tracking of the penetration behaviors of thiram and thiram–organosilicon mixture on cabbage leaves. RESULTS: The results suggest that thiram has very weak ability to penetrate into cabbage leaves. However, when the thiram–organosilicon mixture was placed on leaf surfaces, a clear thiram signal was detected inside the leaf after 2 h of exposure, a strong signal was observed after 12 h, and the penetration depth of thiram was approximately 200 μm after 48 h. CONCLUSION: SERS mapping was demonstrated to be a reliable method for in situ monitoring of organosilicon‐induced thiram penetration into cabbage leaf over time. The present study provides a new reference for rationally selecting adjuvants, effectively applying pesticides, and reducing pesticides residue in food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pine wilt disease is a dangerous pine disease globally. We used Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) clones, selected through traditional breeding and testing for 20 years, to study the molecular mechanism of their high resistance to pine wood nematodes (PWN,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Nine strains of seedlings of genetically stable Masson pine screened from different families with high resistance to PWN were used. The same number of sensitive clones were used as susceptible controls. Total proteins were extracted for tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomic analysis. The key proteins were verified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). A threshold of upregulation greater than 1.3-fold or downregulation greater than 0.3-fold was considered significant in highly resistant strains versus sensitive strains. A total of 3491 proteins were identified from the seedling tissues, among which 2783 proteins contained quantitative information. A total of 42 proteins were upregulated and 96 proteins were downregulated in the resistant strains. Functional enrichment analysis found significant differences in the proteins with pectin esterase activity or peroxidase activity. The proteins participating in salicylic acid metabolism, antioxidant stress reaction, polysaccharide degradation, glucose acid ester sheath lipid biosynthesis, and the sugar glycosaminoglycan degradation pathway were also changed significantly. The PRM results showed that pectin acetyl esterase, carbonic anhydrase, peroxidase, and chitinase were significantly downregulated, while aspartic protease was significantly upregulated, which was consistent with the proteomic data. These results suggest that Masson pine can degrade nematode-related proteins by increasing protease to inhibit their infestation, and can enhance the resistance of Masson pine to PWN by downregulating carbon metabolism to limit the carbon available to PWN or for involvement in cell wall components or tissue softening. Most of the downregulated proteins are supposed to act as an alternative mechanism for latter enhancement after pathogen attacks. The highly resistant Masson pine, very likely, harbors multiple pathways, both passive and active, to defend against PWN infestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has found that individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) show different patterns of social function impairments in game-related and real-life social contexts. Impaired social reward processing may be the underlying mechanism according to the Social Motivation Theory. Thus, in this study, event-related potentials were recorded from 24 individuals with IGD and 24 healthy gamers during a social judgement task. We focused on reward positivity (RewP) elicited by game-related and real-life social rewards, and N170 elicited by game avatar faces and real faces. These indicators were used to explore the neurocognitive mechanism of impaired social reward processing in individuals with IGD and its relationship with early face perception. Results showed that (1) the RewP elicited by real-life social reward was considerably reduced in individuals with IGD relative to healthy gamers. (2) The N170 elicited by game avatar faces in individuals with IGD was larger than that elicited by real faces. However, the N170 was not associated with RewP in either group. (3) The score for IGD severity was correlated with the RewP elicited by real-life social reward and the N170 elicited by game avatar face. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the impaired social reward processing in individuals with IGD is mainly manifested in a decreased neural sensitivity to real-life social reward. Meanwhile, the reduced RewP elicited by real-life social reward and the enhanced N170 elicited by game avatar face might serve as potential biomarkers for IGD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C22H26N2O4, trigonal, P32 (no. 145), a = 8.0196(2) Å, c = 26.2366(5) Å, V = 1461.31(8) Å3, Z = 3, Rgt(F) = 0.0290, wRref(F2) = 0.0829, T = 149.99(10) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter to the editor discusses the successful treatment of a 16-year-old boy with concurrent vitiligo and atopic dermatitis using the JAK inhibitor upadacitinib. The article explains that vitiligo is a depigmentation disorder caused by the destruction of melanocytes, and atopic dermatitis is characterized by a type 2 immune response. The authors suggest that there may be a potential association between vitiligo and atopic dermatitis due to overlapping genetic and immune mechanisms. The patient in the case study experienced repigmentation and relief from symptoms after treatment with upadacitinib. The authors conclude that upadacitinib can be an effective treatment option for patients with both vitiligo and atopic dermatitis. [Extracted from the article]

Sensitive sensing of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) is realized by using luminescent lanthanum-tricarboxytriphenylamine (La-TCA) nanosheets fabricated by a top-down sonication assisted strategy. The accessible Lewis base sites and electron-rich fluorophores on the surface of the La-TCA nanosheets enable them to interact with electron-deficient NACs, delivering multi-responsive behaviours (emission intensity quenching, wavelength red-shift and valley) for hydroxyl group NACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active and targeted bio‐cargo delivery by micromotors holds exciting prospects in biomedical applications. However, such delivery still faces great challenges when implemented in bio‐microenvironments with minimal invasiveness, flexible controllability, and full biocompatibility. Here, a noncontact delivery platform based on bio‐micromotor tweezers is reported, which fulfill these demands by using hydrodynamic forces to exert precision control over bio‐cargos. The concept is based on two optically trapped living microalgae cells with intrinsic motility and biocompatibility: The rotating cells generate highly localized flow fields, which can trap and drive cargos of arbitrary material and shape along controllable trajectories in different biological media in a noncontact manner. The proposed strategy is effective for both biological cells and drugs with minimalized biological damages due to the absence of harmful and cumbersome loading/unloading steps of bio‐cargos on micromotors. Importantly, it is further applied to realize targeted drug delivery into single cancer cell for precise therapy. Such bio‐micromotor tweezers provide great potential for different biomedical applications such as, targeted drug/cell delivery, drug testing, accurate diagnosis, and precise therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Peripheral joint inflammation elicits secondary hyperalgesia in mice. • Enhanced ACC glutamatergic neuronal activity in mice with secondary hyperalgesia. • Neuron-myeloid cell interaction in the ACC is involved in secondary hyperalgesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel principle for feature separation and a new architecture for video prediction. • A novel recurrent prediction module is integrated into a two-branch framework. • TPU uses finite derivatives of the first input frame to predict the future frames. • MCU corrects the predicted Taylor feature from TPU. • This is the first video prediction model built by the Taylor series. Video prediction is a challenging task with wide application prospects in meteorology and robot systems. Existing works fail to trade off short-term and long-term prediction performances and extract robust latent dynamics laws in video frames. We propose a two-branch seq-to-seq deep model to disentangle the Taylor feature and the residual feature in video frames by a novel recurrent prediction module (TaylorCell) and residual module, based on a novel principle for feature separation. TaylorCell can expand the video frames' high-dimensional features into the finite Taylor series to describe the latent laws. In TaylorCell, we propose the Taylor prediction unit (TPU) and the memory correction unit (MCU). TPU employs the first input frame's derivative information to predict the future frames, avoiding error accumulation. MCU distills all past frames' information to correct the predicted Taylor feature from TPU. Correspondingly, the residual module extracts the residual feature complementary to the Taylor feature. Due to the characteristic of the Taylor series, our model works better on datasets with short-range spatial dependencies and stable dynamics. On three generalist datasets (Moving MNIST, TaxiBJ, Human 3.6), our model reaches and outperforms the state-of-the-art model in the short-term and long-term forecast, respectively. Ablation experiments demonstrate the contributions of each module in our model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Switching to renewable energy is key to reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from building energy systems. The Renewable Energy System for Residential Building Heating and Electricity Production (RESHeat) uses solar irradiation, integrating underground thermal energy storage and high-performance heat pumps. This is a new system ongoing prototype demonstration, and its environmental impact has to be evaluated on a life-cycle basis. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the monthly and annual environmental impacts of RESHeat systems in Limanowa and Cracow, comparing them with traditional gas boilers and Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power system (CCHP) systems. Compared to traditional gas boilers, global warming and fossil resource scarcity are reduced by exceeding 60%. In the end-of-life of systems, reuse decreases mineral resource scarcity by 38.73% in Limanowa and 32.31% in Cracow. The RESHeat systems show significant environmental impacts in December and January for high heating demands. Compact energy systems for small building areas help to reduce environmental impacts. Future work will investigate the optimisation of the system operation, identify the significance of the tracked environmental impact and establish a standard functional unit to ensure comparability. • The environmental impacts of two RESHeat demonstration sites are analysed. • Waste treatment alternatives are identified to improve environmental performance. • Life Cycle Assessment comparison with other CCHP systems and gas boilers. • Carbon emissions reduced by more than 60% compared to the gas boiler system. • Metal reuse reduces mineral resource use by 39% in Limanowa and 32% in Cracow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a devastating disease affecting trees belonging to the genus Pinus. To control the spread of PWD in the Masson pine forest in China, PWD resistant Masson pine clones have been selected by the Anhui Academy of Forestry. However, because Masson pine is a difficult-to-root species, producing seedlings is challenging, especially from trees older than 5 years of age, which impedes the application of PWD resistant clones. In this study, we investigated the factors affecting rooting of PWD resistant clones and established a cheap, reliable, and simple method that promotes rooting. We tested the effects of three management methods, four substrates, two cutting materials, two cutting treatments, and three collection times on the rooting of cuttings obtained from 9-year-old PWD resistant clones. Rooting was observed only in stem cuttings treated with the full-light automatic spray management method. Additionally, stem cuttings showed a significantly higher rooting rate and root quality than needles cuttings. Compared with other substrates, stem cuttings planted in perlite produced the longest adventitious root and the highest total root length and lateral root number. Moreover, stem cuttings of PWD resistant clones collected in May showed a significantly higher rooting rate and root quality than those collected in June and July. Moreover, stem cuttings prepared with a horizontal cut while retaining the needles showed significantly higher rooting rate and root quality than those prepared with a diagonal cut while partly removing the needles. This study promotes the reproduction of seedlings of PWD-resistant Masson pine clones which helps control the spread of PWD, meanwhile, provides a technical reference for the propagation of mature pine trees via cuttings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of electro‐responsive biomaterials with antibacterial properties is advantageous for facilitating septic wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, the dose‐response effects of electrical stimuli from these materials against bacteria are not rigorously characterized, and achieving synergy of bactericidal and pro‐regenerative effects of biomaterials remains a major challenge. Here, a graded series of flexible BaTiO3/P(VDF‐TrFE) electroactive nanocomposite membranes (EMs) are developed with varying surface charge intensities, to serve as antibacterial dressing for septic wound healing. EMs display broad‐spectrum antibacterial effects against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria in a dose‐dependent manner, depending on the magnitude of their surface electrical potential. Mechanistically, the surface charge of EMs increase intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species within bacteria cells, which in turn caused oxidative damage to the bacterial membrane, thereby suppressing bacterial activity and biofilm formation. Moreover, in vivo studies demonstrated that EMs effectively inhibited S. aureus infection and accelerated wound healing in a mouse skin defect model, as well as ameliorated P. gingivalis‐mediated periodontal inflammation in a mouse periodontitis model. Hence, this study optimizes the antibacterial properties of electroactive materials and characterizes the dose‐response effects of surface electrical charge against bacteria, thus validating the therapeutic applications of electroactive biomaterials in combating bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovering cobalt from waste batteries is crucial for resource recycling and environmental protection. Here, MOF-OH, a Zr-based MOF, was synthesized and merged into a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix to create MOF-OH-PAN nanofibers (NFs). These NFs showed a high cobalt ion adsorption capacity of 33.1 mg/g, retaining over 90% of the capacity after six cycles. The adsorption mechanism involves Co(II) surface diffusion followed by strong bonding with functional groups. This technology enables efficient cobalt recovery from waste batteries, supporting reuse and reducing resource depletion and environmental pollution. The study provides insights into waste battery resource management, highlighting environmental and economic benefits and contributing to green resource recovery and circular economy initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epigenetic abnormalities play a crucial role in many tumors, including glioma. RNA methylation occurs as an epigenetic modification similar to DNA methylation and histone modification. m6A methylation is the most common and most intensively studied RNA methylation, which can be found throughout the RNA life cycle and exert biological functions by affecting RNA metabolism. The m6A modification is primarily associated with three types of protease, which are encoded by the writer, eraser and reader genes, respectively. It has been shown that the m6A methylation has close connections with the occurrence and development of many tumors, including glioma. In this study, the concept and the research progress of m6A methylation are reviewed, especially the role of m6A methylation in glioma. Moreover, we will discuss how glioma is paving the way to the development of new therapeutic options based on the inhibition of m6A deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Pesticide residues in agricultural products and foods pose a serious threat to human health, and therefore a simple, rapid and direct method is urgently needed for pesticide residue detection. In addition to realizing the detection of acetamiprid in cabbage extract solution, the main target of this study was to establish an in situ surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method, which could directly detect acetamiprid residue on cabbage leaf without the need for extraction. Acetamiprid was first used to contaminate the surface of fresh cabbage leaf, and then bimetallic silver‐coated gold nanoparticles (Au@AgNPs) were added on the contaminated spots and dried for SERS measurement. RESULTS: Results suggested that acetamiprid can be detected in cabbage extract and on cabbage leaf surface in situ using the SERS method based on the Au@AgNPs substrate. The limit of detection was 0.08 μg mL−1 in cabbage extract and 0.14 mg kg−1 on cabbage leaf, the recovery ranged from 80.5% to 105.5% and the relative standard deviation was in the range 4.37–10.63%. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed SERS method provides an in situ, nondestructive and rapid way to detect acetamiprid residue on the surface of fruits and vegetables, which could serve as an auxiliary approach for early screening of contaminated produce in field or on site in the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile strategy based on the boronate affinity and polydopamine coating was proposed for the preparation of surface molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres using naringin as the glycoside template. The poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐methyl methacrylate‐co‐ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) microspheres were firstly synthesized as inner cores by suspension polymerization method, and then functionalized with 3‐aminophenylboronic acid. The imprinted shell layer was obtained by self‐polymerization of dopamine on the surface of boronic acid‐functionalized polymer microspheres after reversible immobilization of naringin. The resultant surface molecularly imprinted microspheres showed good imprinting efficiency and recognition specificity toward the template molecule in aqueous environment. The isothermal and kinetic adsorption behaviors of the polymers were investigated. The results showed that the covalent surface imprinted microspheres possessed homogeneous recognition sites, strong adsorption affinity, and rapid rebinding kinetics. In addition, the surface imprinted microspheres were utilized as the sorbents of solid phase extraction to successfully separate and enrich naringin from Citri Grandis extract, and the recovery of naringin in eluting solution reached 84.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A double‐ligands enabled ruthenium catalyzed C(sp2)−H arylation of dialkyl phosphines is described, which provides a straight access to aryl‐substituted dialkyl phosphine ligands. The combination of 1,3‐diketone and amino acid ligands is essential for this transformation. An important six‐membered cycloruthenium intermediate was successfully isolated and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. Mechanistic studies showed that the 1,3‐diketone promoted the process of oxidative addition of cycloruthenium intermediate. Some of modified CyJohnPhos ligands exhibited highly catalytic activity in palladium catalyzed C−N bond formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinity is a major threat to agricultural sustainability and a global food security. Until now, most research has concentrated around stomatal limitation to photosynthesis, while non-stomatal limitations receiving much less attention. This work summarizes the current knowledge of impact of salinity on chloroplast metabolism and operation and finding viable solutions to minimize it. The major topics covered are: (1) the key targets of the photosynthetic apparatus under salt stress; (2) a tolerance of PSII to salt stress and its repair; (3) salinity effects on biochemistry of CO2 fixation and its regulation; (4) ionic requirements for optimal operation of chloroplasts; and (5) ion transport systems in chloroplasts that optimize chloroplast performance under hostile saline conditions. We show that enhancing plant capacity for protection by modifying PSI cyclic electron transport, redistribution of electron transport between photosystems, thylakoid membrane composition and photosynthetic antioxidant enzymes activity may be a promising way to improve tolerance to salt stress under real-field condition. It is concluded that revealing the molecular nature of chloroplast ion transporters and understanding the modes of their operation will ensure the future sustainability of the world agriculture and the prospects of biological phytoremediation of salinized land via using salt-tolerant crop germplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ProTide prodrug technology has emerged as a promising way for the development of anti-viral and anti-tumor drugs, whereas, there are fewer applications for the treatment of liver cancer. Herein, a series of distinct 3′-ester ProTide prodrugs of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FdUR) were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-liver cancer activity. The most efficient prodrug 11b reached a sub-micromolar activity (IC 50 = 0.42 ± 0.13 μM) against HepG2 and over 100-fold and 200-fold improvements compared to 5-FU, respectively. 11b also demonstrated favorable selectivity towards normal liver cells L-02 (IC 50 > 100 μM). In vitro metabolic stability studies revealed that 11b is stable in the plasma and could be activated rapidly in the liver, which supported that 11b is liver-targeted. Importantly, to more accurately evaluate the anti-HCC activity of 11b , the liver orthotopic model was built and 11b significantly suppressed tumor growth (TGI = 75.5%) at a dose of 60 mg/kg/2d in vivo without obvious toxicity. Overall, these promising results indicated that 11b could serve as a safe and effective prodrug of 5-FU nucleoside for liver cancer therapy. [Display omitted] • A series of ProTide prodrugs of FdUR were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as anti-liver cancer agents. • 11b was the most potent toward Bel-7402 cells (0.88 ± 0.12 μM) and HepG2 cells (0.49 ± 0.08 μM). • 11b is stable in the plasma and could be activated rapidly in the liver. • 11b significantly suppressed tumor growth in the orthotopic models of liver cancer without obvious toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable inorganic nanomaterials have opened new perspectives for cancer therapy due to their inherent anticancer activity. Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) with their unique bioactivity have recently been identified as promising cancer therapeutic agents but their application is hampered by the difficulty in surface functionalization. Herein, an in situ calcium phosphate (CaP) mineralization strategy is described to enhance the anticancer activity of BPs. By using BPs as the phosphate sources and growth templates, the synthesized CaP‐mineralized BPs (CaBPs) retain the intrinsic properties of BPs and at the same time have high loading capacities for various fluorophores to enable effective bioimaging and tracing. Compared to BPs, CaBPs exhibit enhanced and selective anticancer bioactivity due to the improved pH‐responsive degradation behavior and intracellular Ca2+ overloading in cancer cells. Furthermore, CaBPs specifically target mitochondria and cause structural damage, thus leading to mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. After intravenous injection, CaBPs target orthotopic breast cancer cells to inhibit tumor growth without giving rise to adverse effects or toxicity. The results demonstrate the great potential of CaBPs as targeted anticancer agents and the CaP mineralization approach provides a versatile surface functionalization strategy for nanotherapeutic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel functionalized polysulfone with high local density of sulfonic acid groups, N , N -bis(sulfopropyl)aminyl-4-phenyl polysulfone or O , O′ -bis(sulfopropyl)resorcinol-5-yl-4-phenyl polysulfone (PSF-X-C 3 H 6 SO 3 H, X = N or O) are synthesized. These polymers are synthesized by bromination of polysulfone followed by Suzuki cross-coupling reaction to graft the aminophenyl groups and the dimethoxyphenyl groups onto the polymeric backbone, followed by introduction of the sulfopropyl groups via sultone ring-opening reaction. In addition, the composite membrane of PSF-O-C 3 H 6 SO 3 H and PSF-N-C 3 H 6 SO 3 H is also synthesized for comparison. The maximum proton conductivity of composite PSF-O-C 3 H 6 SO 3 H and PSF-N-C 3 H 6 SO 3 H reaches 46.66 mS cm−1 at 95 °C and 90% RH, higher than PSF-O-C 3 H 6 SO 3 H (42.06 mS cm−1) and PSF-N-C 3 H 6 SO 3 H (38.76 mS cm−1). Meanwhile, the composite exhibits compromised water uptake and swelling ratio, and low methanol permeability. The excellent overall performance of the composite is attributed to phase-separation between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic subphases, and the hydrogen-bonding network developed in the hydrophilic subphases. Hydrogen-bonding network and proton transport mechanism. Image 1 • Polysulfones with high local density of sulfonic acid groups are synthesized. • The composite membrane exhibits excellent overall performance. • Phase-separation improves the performance of the composite membrane. • The hydrogen-bonding network is developed in the hydrophilic subphases of membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal treatment of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a post‐treatment approach has grown in popularity and resulted in various MOF‐derived materials. However, the widely used extreme thermolytic conditions (usually above 500 °C) lead to degradation in the well‐defined MOFs intrinsic properties. This work demonstrates that MIL‐101 calcined at medium‐temperature range (200–280 °C) partially breaks the coordination bonds that can introduce more accessible active sites, exhibiting a 10‐fold increase in oxidation activity while retaining its intrinsic structure and porosity. Another fascinating feature of MIL‐101 calcined in this temperature range is their temperature‐dependent shrinkage behavior, which is also found in many other types of MOFs. Based on different shrinkage ratios of various MOFs, yolk–shell MOFs@MOFs structures can be constructed through nonsacrificial template method. Overall, the structural and morphological evolution process of MOFs treated in the medium‐temperature range can open new horizons to develop efficient MOFs catalysts and design complex structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high energy consumption of traditional water splitting to produce hydrogen is mainly due to complex oxygen evolution reaction (OER), where low-economic-value O2 gas is generated. Meanwhile, cogeneration of H2 and O2 may result in the formation of an explosive H2/O2 gas mixture due to gas crossover. Considering these factors, a favorable anodic oxidation reaction is employed to replace OER, which not only reduces the voltage for H2 production at the cathode and avoids H2/O2 gas mixture but also generates value-added products at the anode. In recent years, this innovative strategy that combines anodic oxidation for H2 production has received intensive attention in the field of electrocatalysis. In this review, the latest research progress of a coupled hydrogen production system with pollutant degradation/upgrading is systematically introduced. Firstly, wastewater purification via anodic reaction, which produces free radicals instead of OER for pollutant degradation, is systematically presented. Then, the coupled system that allows for pollutant refining into high-value-added products combined with hydrogen production is displayed. Thirdly, the photoelectrical system for pollutant degradation and upgrade are briefly introduced. Finally, this review also discusses the challenges and future perspectives of this coupled system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of caries arrest by micro-operative treatment (sealing) to operative treatment (flowable resin composite restoration) through a 2-year randomized controlled clinical trial. Materials and methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted among 7-9-year-old children. At baseline, 630 subjects were screened and 92 children who had at least one carious lesion classified as ICDAS 3 on the pit and fissure of first permanent molar were included. Then they were randomly assigned to the sealant group (73 lesions) and the flowable resin composite group (76 lesions) to receive the corresponding intervention. Lesions status in each group was evaluated every 6 months up to 24 months. Clinical progression of dental caries and materials retention were the outcomes used for group comparisons at p-value < 0.05. Results: After 24 months, three lesions (4.1%) in the sealant group clinically progressed to dentin caries. No lesion in the flowable composite group was observed a progression. The results of Life-table survival analysis show that the cumulative caries arrest rate had no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.075). However, the cumulative retention rate was 57.5% in the sealant group and 92.1% in the flowable composite group, with significant differences (p < 0.001). The multilevel mixed model showed the sealant had higher risk of retention failure than the flowable composite (OR = 8.66, p < 0.001), while tooth position did not influence material retention (p = 0.083). In addition, the results of Fisher Exact test show that dentin lesions had more retention failure than enamel lesions in the sealant group (p = 0.026). Conclusion: Although sealing microcavitated carious lesions of the first permanent molar achieved lower retention rate than resin composite restoration, both sealing and restoration effectively arrested caries progression for two years. Clinical relevance: To preserving dental structure and delaying or eliminating the need for operative procedures, microcavitated carious lesion can be arrested by sealing. Trial registration: Registered at ; Feb 15th, 2020; No. ChiCTR2000029862. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial microswarms with a collective intelligence that can execute cooperative tasks will serve as intelligent micro/nanorobot systems for many biomedical and microengineering applications. However, it remains challenging to construct microswarms with 3D dynamic and reconfigurable structures that can execute complex spatiotemporal‐dependent tasks. Here, simply using a tapered optical fiber (TOF) with 1.55 µm wavelength light irradiation, a convenient opto‐hydrodynamic strategy for 3D dynamic microswarm actuation based on photothermal gradient‐induced Marangoni effect is reported. With light irradiation at the water‐air interface, randomly distributed microparticles are reorganized into firework‐like 3D swarms with four petals. Such petals in the microswarm are controllably reconfigurable by adjusting the angle between TOF and water‐air interface. These microswarms are also deformable and capable of performing stable migration by simply moving the TOF. Importantly, this opto‐hydrodynamic strategy is applicable for the formation of artificial 3D‐dynamic bio‐microswarms using different biological cells, which further facilitate the regulation of biological processes such as bacteria growth/division. This opto‐hydrodynamic strategy provides a new solution for 3D dynamic microswarm formation, with many potentials for biomedical and microengineering applications that need spatiotemporal‐dependent individual cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new sesquiterpene lactone, namely, eupachiilide A (1), as well as two known sesquiterpene lactones, eupachinilide B (2), and eupalinilide G (3), were isolated from the whole plant of Eupatorium chinense L. The new structure was elucidated by spectral methods, especially 2D NMR techniques. The three natural compounds were all Michael addition acceptors, whose electrophilic moiety could react with the nucleophilic residues of the relevant active site and produce a variety of bioactivities. Eupachiilide A demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against two TNBC cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyzes the current trends in land salinization and its impact on the global food security. It is argued that reliance on salt-excluding crops is counterproductive and environmentally unsustainable. New breeding paradigms are required to incorporate halophytic traits that were present in wild relatives but lost during domestication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]