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Background and Purpose: Opioid analgesics can alleviate ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in chronic heart failure. However, the underlying mechanisms and targets remain unknown. Here, we investigate if caveolin‐3 (Cav3) interacts with μ opioid receptors and if Cav3–μ receptor interactions play a role in morphine‐induced cardioprotection in failing hearts. Experimental Approach: Cav3 and μ receptor proteins in human and rat heart tissue were determined by western blot, immunofluorescence and co‐immunoprecipitation. Methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD), a destroyer of caveolae, and AAV‐Cav3 shRNA were used to reduce Cav3 expression in failing rat hearts. CTOP, a specific μ antagonist, was administrated before morphine preconditioning in perfused failing heart models of myocardial I/R injury. Key Results: Levels of Cav3 and μ receptor proteins were significantly higher in human and rat myocardial tissues with heart failure than in control tissues. Cav3 and μ receptor expression levels were positively correlated with disease severity. The signal of the cardiac Cav3 protein was colocalized with μ receptor in both the human and rat heart sections. Disruption of caveolae in the failing heart by either MβCD or AAV‐Cav3 shRNA significantly inhibits morphine‐induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and cardioprotection. Administration of CTOP substantially reduced Cav3 expression and morphine‐induced cardioprotective effect in heart failure. Conclusion and Implications: Our data suggest that up‐regulation of the Cav3/μ receptor complex is critical for morphine protection of the failing heart against I/R injury by regulating the ERK1/2 pathway. The activated Cav3/μ receptor complex is an understudied therapeutic target for opioid treatment of heart failure and ischaemic insult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonnearest-neighbor hop during random walks is observed in various real situations and their nontrivial roles are also confirmed. On the other hand, the reciprocity also can significantly impact dynamical processes on weighted networks. However, the roles of nonnearest-neighbor hop are less explored in the presence of reciprocity. Here, we quantify the effect of nonnearest-neighbor hop on random walks in the presence of reciprocity. Specifically, a class of directed weighted fractal scale-free networks is proposed to accommodate reciprocity. Subsequently, mixed random walk that includes both nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor jump is defined on the networks. Finally, a trap is placed at a node of the networks and the average trapping time (ATT) is derived analytically and exactly to determine the effect of next-nearest-neighbor hop on transport efficiency. The obtained closed form solution of ATT shows that (1) Dependent on the combination of values of parameters governing network evolution and reciprocity, ATT can grow linearly, sub-linearly or super-linearly with network size. (2) The parameter manipulating mixed random walk only modifies the prefactor of ATT, so the next-nearest-neighbor hop has no effect on the scaling of transport efficiency in the presence of reciprocity. (3) The weight parameter enters into both the prefactor and leading scaling of ATT, so reciprocity impacts the transport efficiency both qualitatively and quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, it exists the problems of poor computational accuracy of the micromechanical model and insufficient adaptive matching of the RVE unit cell model boundary conditions, being caused by the random distribution of particle size and quantity in particle composite materials. As for the above problems, the paper proposes a micromechanical model that uses a random sequence adsorption algorithm to deeply match and enhance the random distribution of particles, and a subroutine joint simulation method to generate boundary conditions quickly and automatically. The RVE unit cell model of particulate composites are numerically simulated at the micromechanical level. It was found that the enhancement of the mechanical properties of the base material by enhancing particles is highly consistent with the actual improvement value. The simulation values and actual values of particle composite materials with different volume contents are also accurately consistent. In addition, with the increase of particle volume content, its reinforcement effect on the base material first increases and then decreases, and there exists an optimal mixing ratio and a minimum mixing ratio. The optimal mixing ratio for short cut fiber reinforced particles is 50%, with a minimum mixing ratio of 10%. The optimal mixing ratio for silicon carbide reinforced particles is 40%, with a minimum mixing ratio of 8%. Through experimental results, it has been verified that the micromechanical model can quickly and accurately predict the elastic constants and Poisson's ratio of composite materials under periodic displacement boundary conditions, with a prediction accuracy of within 10%. Highlights: Effectively solve the problems such as the random distribution of the size and quantity of reinforced particles in the particle composite material and the difficulty in adding the boundary conditions of the micro‐RVE unit cell model in the macro composite material.A random sequence adsorption algorithm is proposed to generate the RVE cell model with reinforced particles, and the periodic displacement boundary conditions are added to the RVE cell model through Python and Abaqus joint simulation.The simulation results show that the stress of chopped fiber reinforced particles is about 1.96 times that of the matrix material, and the stress of SiC reinforced particles is about 2.1 times that of the matrix material, and the optimal mixing ratio of chopped fiber reinforced particles is 50% and that of silicon carbide reinforced particles is 40%.The proposed micromechanical model can accurately predict the elastic constants of composites under periodic boundary conditions, and its prediction accuracy can be controlled within 10%.In this paper, a more reasonable meso‐stress‐strain field of single cell element is given, which can provide reference for studying the meso‐failure mechanism and nonlinear mechanical behavior of particle composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phototransistors are three-terminal photodetectors that usually have a higher photocurrent gain than photodiodes due to the amplification of the gate electrode. In this work, a broad spectral phototransistor based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and a Cs3Bi2I9 (CBI) heterojunction is fabricated by the full vacuum evaporation method. Due to the complementary UV–visible absorption of CuPc and CBI, the device exhibits superior performance under three different types of visible light illumination. The experimental results show that the structure of the organic/perovskite heterojunction active layer has the characteristics of good compatibility and a simple process. Meanwhile, by utilizing the superior light-absorption characteristics of perovskite materials and the strong exciton dissociation efficiency of a hetero-type heterojunction interface, the CuPc/CBI-PT exhibits a higher photoresponsivity, photosensitivity, specific detection rate, and lower operating voltage than the CuPc reference device. The stability test shows that the CuPc/CBI-PT can still obtain a 0.73 A/W photoresponsivity under 660 nm light illumination after being stored in the air for 360 h without any packaging. This indicates that the organic/perovskite heterojunction PT may be a good choice for the preparation of high-performance photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing a theranostic probe for noninvasive bone imaging and bone disease therapy is both challenging and desirable. Herein, an ultrasmall Au nanocluster (NC, <2 nm)‐based theranostic probe is developed to achieve highly temporospatial in vivo bone‐targeted photoluminescence (PL) imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) and enhanced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy. The key design of the probe involves the surface phosphorylation of atomically precise NIR‐II emitting Au44 NCs. This phosphorylation enhances the bone‐targeting ability of the probe due to the highly concentrated phosphate groups, allowing the probe to realize in vivo bone‐targeted NIR‐II PL imaging. Moreover, benefiting from the enhanced bone‐targeting ability, ultrasmall hydrodynamic diameter, and excellent anti‐inflammation and immunomodulatory effects, the probe not only demonstrates superior therapeutic efficacy for RA rats, effectively restoring the destructed cartilage to nearly normal but also exhibits good renal clearance and benign biocompatibility. These favorable attributes cannot be achieved by commercial methotrexate used for RA treatment. This study presents a new design paradigm for metal NC‐based theranostic probes, offering the potential for high‐resolution bone‐targeted PL imaging and improved RA therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper is concerned with the adaptive neural network event‐triggered control (ETC) problem for stochastic nonlinear systems with output constraint. The influence of stochastic disturbance inevitably exists in many practical systems, which leads to system instability. Meanwhile, a novel tan type barrier Lyapunov function (Tan‐BLF) structure is proposed to deal with the constraint requirements of stochastic systems. In the sense of probability, the output constraints will not be violated during the operation of the system. In addition, the ETC strategy is adopted to reduce the burden of communication. The asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed without violating output constraints. Meanwhile, the tracking error converges to a small region of the origin. Two simulations results demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background miRNA-154 (miR-154) has been identified as a tumor suppressor in several types of human cancers. However, its clinical significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of miR-154 expression with clinicopathologic features and prognosis in CRC patients. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to evaluate miR-154 levels in 169 pairs of CRC specimens and adjacent noncancerous tissues. Then, the associations of miR-154 expression with clinicopathological factors or survival of patients suffering CRC were determined. Results The expression levels of miR-154 in CRC tissues were significantly lower than those in corresponding noncancerous tissues (P

The Editor-in-Chief is retracting this article [1] due to overlap with the following articles (amongst others) [2–6].