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The problem of the engineering budgetary estimate surpass engineering cost estimate, engineering budget surpass engineering budgetary estimate, engineering final accounts surpass engineering budget in our country’s present stage of the engineering construction process is widespread, and the reason most due to engineering change. By reference to relevant case analysis, the study found the changing factors that induced engineering change largely are the proprietors’ poor management of engineering change. Due to the different management methods of the different project stakeholders, this article will take the proprietors’ point of view, relying on engineering change process, according to the characteristics of the construction project, reference to the project management concept, sums up the proprietor’s management processes and methods. Then they can make manage and control in organize engineering change process and appraisal, then improve their management capacity of engineering change.

Using eight maize varieties (Tiannuo 888, Yunnuo 6, Yunrui 999, Yunrui 6, Yunrui 47, Yunrui 88, Yunyou 105, Yuntianyun 2) as the research materials, this paper aimed to figure out the possible influence caused by repeated drought treatment. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in 13 phenotypic characters and physiological and biochemical indexes (plant height, fresh mass, root shoot ratio, POD activity, SOD activity) related to drought resistance, under two levels of water supply (repeated drought treatment and CK) at seedling stage of maize varieties, and evaluated drought resistance comprehensively by standard deviation coefficient allocation weighed method. The results showed that the survival rale, leaf area, plant height, shoot fresh mass, root fresh mass, shoot dry mass and root dry mass of seedling maize decreased at varying degrees after repealed droughl stress. However, the MDA molality, root shoot ratio, Pro content and soluble protein content increased under repeated drought stress. There were significant difference in morphological, physiological and biochemical indexes among different maize varieties. The drought resistances of different maize varieties successively were Yunrui 47 > Yuntianyu 2 > Yunyou 105 > Yunnuo 6 > Tianuo 888 > Yunrui 6 > Yunrui 999 > Yunrui 88. These results provide references for maize drought-resistant breeding and maize production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four rainwater diversion patterns including undisturbed soil ditch (T1), slope compaction (T2), asbestos sheet covering after compaction (T3) and plastic film covering after compaction (T4) were set in cornfield in arid areas of Yunnan Province, and effects of various patterns on rainwater collection efficiency, water utilization efficiency and corn yield were studied. The results shows that rainwater collection efficiency, water utilization efficiency and corn yield of the four diversion patterns presented the same trend, namely T4 > T3 > T2 > T1. Overall, rainwater collection efficiencies of the four diversion patterns ranged from 41.7% to 58.7%; compared with T1, water utilization efficiencies of T2, T3 and T4 increased by 34.9%, 53.5%> and 92.5%>, and maize yields of them improved by 1 767.0, 1 981. 5 and 2 385.0 kg/hm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nocturnal hypoglycemia that fails to result in arousal from sleep is common in children, adolescents, and adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Recurrent nocturnal hypoglycemia contributes to and sustains hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure. We tested the ability of three episodes of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in young rats to alter arousal responses to hypoglycemia tested three weeks later. Prepubertal rats (ages 25-28 days) were given three days of insulin injections to induce hypoglycemia averaging 34 mg/dl, lasting at least 60 minutes (Juv Hypo, n=5). Control rats were given saline injections (Juv Control, n=8). Rats were recovered for three weeks, during which they were surgically prepared for sleep recordings (implantation of EEG and EMG electrodes) and for blood sampling (jugular venous catheter). At age 7 weeks, after habituation to the recording conditions, sleep was recorded from 1 PM to 3 PM on a baseline day (saline 1 ml/kg injected subcutaneously at 1 PM). The following day, sleep was recorded from 1 PM to 3 PM after a 1 PM injection of insulin (3 U/kg sc). During sleep recording, the plasma glucose response to insulin was not different between groups, averaging 53 ± 2 mg/dl in Juv Control rats, and 54 ± 4 mg/dl in Juv Hypo rats. Juv Control rats demonstrated a robust hypoglycemic arousal response with time awake on the baseline day of 18.8 ± 1.9% (corresponding to sleep efficiency of 81.2%), vs time awake on the insulin day of 40.7 ± 2.4% (sleep efficiency: 59.3%), a 233% increase in time awake during hypoglycemia. Juv Hypo rats had no arousal response to insulin injection, with 21.1 ± 1.4% time awake on the baseline day (sleep efficiency: 78.9%), and 21.0 ± 2.1% time awake on the insulin day (sleep efficiency: 79%). There was a significant effect of day (saline vs insulin) as well as group (Juv Control vs Juv Hypo) on the percent time spent in Wake (effect of day: F=24.3, p < .001; day(*) group interaction: F=24.6, p < .001). There was a significant interaction of group and day on non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (day(*) group interaction: F=9.4, p=.011), with Juv Hypo rats having significantly more NREM sleep on the insulin day than Juv Controls. These data show that significant loss of hypoglycemic arousal can be demonstrated weeks after recurrent juvenile hypoglycemia in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]