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Работа посвящена исследованию действия и эффективности методики малоопиоидной анестезии с использованием внутривенного лидокаина в кардиохирургии. В исследование вошли 28 пациентов в возрасте 69,5 ± 6,2 года, которым было выполнено аортокоронарное шунтирование с искусственным кровообращением. Все пациенты были прооперированы в условиях эндотрахеального наркоза. Индукция включала пропофол (1,52 ± 0,05 мг/кг), фентанил (1,46 ± 0,38 мкг/кг), лидокаин 1 мг/кг, пипекурония бромид (0,08 мг/кг). Поддержание анестезии: севофлуран (1,5–2 МАК), кетамин (0,5 мг/кг— однократно перед разрезом), лидокаин непрерывной инфузией (1,5–2 мг/кг/ч), магнезии сульфат в/в (30 мг/кг). Средний уровень оценки боли по визуальной аналоговой шкале составлял 4,6 ± 1,2 балла. Максимальную интенсивность боли в 1-е сутки отмечали 27,8 % пациентов, средней и малой интенсивности — 72,2 %. Предложенная методика малоопиоидной анестезии с внутривенным лидокаином обеспечивала адекватный анальгезирующий эффект и позволила отказаться от интраоперационного применения рутинных доз фентанила при выполнении кардиохирургических операций, что подтверждается отсутствием гемодинамических и эндокринно-метаболических сдвигов при ее использовании.

The study investigated on the plastic pollution management: A panacea for Nigerias untapped waste to wealth growth: A study of some selected urban cities in south east Nigeria Enugu, Owerri, Awka and Umuahia. The specific objectives include to: examine the extent management of plastic waste have aided employment generation in some urban areas in South East, Nigeria, Nigeria determine the extent value chain network of plastic management has aided wealth creation in some urban areas in South East, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross sectional survey. The study instrument includes Garbage picking kits, health hazard prevention materials, waste selector machines, questionnaire, video coverage and security kits to help the research attendants for easy identification. Procedure: The study identified various dump sites across the cities mentioned. Out of a population of 6,454 staff, the sample size of 1096 was chosen after applying the Freund and Williams formula for the determination of adequate sample size. Out of the sample size of 912 returned the questionnaire and accurately filled. That gave 83 percent response rate. The validity of the instrument was tested using content analysis and the result was good. The reliability was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). It gave a reliability co-efficient of 0.85 which was also good. Data was presented and analyzed by mean score (3.0 and above agreed while below 3.0 disagreed) and standard deviation using Sprint Likert Scale. The hypotheses were analyzed using Z- test statistics tool. The findings of the reveals that management of plastic waste has positive effect on employment generation in some urban areas in South East, Nigeria r (85, n = 1096) = 24.471, p < 0.05 value chain network of plastic management had positive effect on wealth creation in some urban areas in South East, Nigeria r (85, n = 1096) = 46.882, p < 0.05. The study concluded that in order for solid waste management and plastic production systems to coevolved towards maximizing recycling as a strategy for plastic waste management. The study recommended among others, that there is a need to formulate and enforce a plastic bag regulation primarily to do away with the menace and to guide any such endeavors.

The chieftaincy institution is a revered institution and as such attempts have been made to maintain its sanctity. However, over the years, the institution has been fraught with disputes thereby bringing its image into disrepute. The chieftaincy Act, 759 (2008) was enacted by the parliament of Ghana to regulate the institution. The Act has made provisions for the resolution of disputes that have attended the institution. This article is an attempt to assess the effectiveness of the Act on the dispute resolution mechanisms of the judicial committees of the Houses of Chiefs. Using interview and textual analysis as its main instruments, the article looks at the role of the Judicial Committees of the Houses of Chiefs in dealing with the numerous succession disputes that has bedeviled the institution. The article will assess the methods the Committee uses in handling cases that come before it and how parties to the succession disputes collaborate with the Committee to dispense with the case. The article argues that if the Judicial Committee is well resourced, it will be in a position to help deal with chieftaincy succession disputes expeditiously. This would reduce the incidents of open conflicts resulting in deaths and destructions of properties thereby threatening national security. Keywords: chieftaincy, succession disputes, national security, houses of chiefs, arbitration

Cow is cited as Aditi (Mother of all Gods) in Ancient Hindi texts. In Artharaveda, Cow is said as adobe of 33Cr Hindu deities. Cow Urine (CU); the liquid metabolic excretion of Cow, is treated as sacred and pious in India. CU has diversified uses. It is used in raw and refined forms. Research reveals that CU distillate (CUD) is even more effective in therapeutic applications. CUD; Gomutra Ark or Kamdhenu Ark, was used since ancient times in Indian, Chinese and Egyptian civilizations. CU is also used in Myanmaar, Nepal, Nigeria and Zimbabwe as curator [1,2]. Variants of CU are also sold in departmental stores in America, Britain, Canada, Germany and India. Several Cow Urine Concoctions (CUC) serve as curative agents against deadly ailments. Being easily available, having long shelf life and economically cheaper; Gomutra variants are now becoming alternative medicines against innumerable diseases [3-6]. Biochemical composition of CU makes it perfect supplement against various disorders. CU of milking Cow contains 95% Water, 2.5% Urea and 2.5% Enzymes, Hormones, Minerals and Salts. pH of fresh CU ranges from 7.27 to 8.74. CU from a healthy Cow is pale yellow colored. Traces of Gold are found in CU of Gir Cows. Gold ions are generated when blood vessels of Cow hump comes in contact with sunrays. On an average about 18 Lit/Day of CU can be collected from an Indian Cow. Branded CUD can be easily obtained @ of Rs 250/500 ml in India. Advances on Gomutra are so prominent that America granted US Patent No: 6410059 and No: 6896907 for the medicinal ability of CU, especially as Anticancer, Antifungal, Antibiotic and Bioenhancer agent [16]. Present text is an overview of applications of Gomutra, particularly therapeutic applications., https://www.ijomrc.com/news/gomutra%3A-a-panacea-for-all-diseases

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of foreign capital inflows on economic growth in 15 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries over the period 2008–2018. Specifically, this paper investigates whether selected foreign capital inflows, namely, foreign debt, foreign aid and foreign direct investments substitute or complement government spending in ECOWAS.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts the two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) method of estimation to address the problem of dynamic endogeneity inherent in the relationship.FindingsThe result shows that foreign capital inflows into ECOWAS region have not transmitted into economic growth in the region. Further, the findings reveal that foreign capital inflows to ECOWAS have substituted for government spending. The results might be as a result of the high level of corruption in ECOWAS. The results also show that when institutional quality is interacted with foreign capital inflows, the result shows a negative and statistically significant effect on economic growth.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies which pooled both developed and developing economies together, the authors investigate this relationship in a regional study, using ECOWAS to create a roughly optimum size. In addition, the authors adopt the GMM-system method of estimation to address the problem of dynamic endogeneity inherent in the relationship, which has largely been ignored in extant studies.

This article investigates the viability of community-based tourism (CBT) in support of socio-economic development and poverty alleviation through a case study in Nqileni Village, Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. This was done through data solicited using a qualitative research approach amongst residents of Nqileni village in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The data collected was then analysed using NVivo system, version 11, which provided substance to the research through the creation of a comprehensive observation report. The results indicated a positive view of members of the community relating to the contribution of CBT to community development (socio-economics) and poverty alleviation.

One important resource for achieving the goals and objectives of education is the library. This paper discussed the role of library. It examined the relationship between the library and education; the relevance of the former to the latter; Importance of library and education for sustainable development in Nigeria. This paper also highlighted the challenges of library and education and made recommendations. Finally, this paper emphasized the need to reposition and revamp our libraries and the entire educational system in order to make much progress towards the attainment of vision 2020.

Allergic diseases are one of the most common chronic diseases. The incidence of allergies is constantly increasing, and it is currently estimated that around 40% of the population suffers from at least one allergy. Current guidelines for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria recommend modern second-generation antihistamines. Rupatadine is the first hybrid molecule with high affinity for the H1 receptor resulting from remarkably strong binding to this receptor. It exhibits significant H1 receptor binding selectivity, greater in the lungs than in the cerebellum. It has antihistamine effect that is about 25 and 75 times stronger than that of cetirizine and loratadine, respectively. The second mechanism of its action is a strong antagonism of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor. Rupatadine is rapidly absorbed, which correlates with the onset of anti-H1 and anti-PAF activity. Rupatadine is approximately 99% bound to plasma proteins, but at the same time it is very well distributed to other tissues. It undergoes metabolism in the liver through oxidative processes and glucuronide conjugation. Many studies indicate that rupatadine (10 mg) was at least as effective as desloratadine, cetirizine, loratadine and ebastine in reducing allergic symptoms in allergic rhinitis and urticaria. It has also been confirmed to be effective in relieving the symptoms of insect bite response. Rupatadine has a positive effect on the daily functioning of patients with allergic rhinitis and urticaria, and improves the quality of life of these people. At the same time, many cross-sectional studies have shown that rupatadine has a good safety and tolerability profile in adults and children and has not shown adverse cardiovascular effects.

Indian high ash coal was used for the preparation of coal water slurry consisting of coarse and fine particles in the proper proportion. Four bimodal samples were prepared with the combination of four coarse fractions such as (212 µm–300 µm, 90 µm–300 µm, 150 µm–212 µm, 75 µm–150 µm) with fine fraction of (

This paper focuses on the phenomenon of suicide ravaging Nigerian society. It specifically espouses the causes, manifestations, and feasible panacea to the scourge of suicide in the context of students in higher education in Nigeria. It adopted the content analysis methodology whereby existing secondary data on suicide were comprehensively reviewed and major strands and themes in the data analyzed were used as the basis for the discourse in this paper. The results of the reviewed data reveal that the major causal factors of the upsurge in suicide in Nigeria are attributed to a myriad of problems bedeviling Nigerian society such as; the comatose economy, abject poverty, anomie, globalization, get-rich-syndrome, peer influence, stress, and anxiety associated with socio-economic and political realities of the Nigerian society. These systemic and personal problems negatively impact the youths especially those in the higher institutions of learning because of the rigors associated with academic pursuits in Nigeria. A feasible panacea on how to stem the tide of suicide in Nigeria was discussed at the end of the paper.

This paper critically examined the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on Nigeria economy, with specific focus on past researches. This paper is based on empirical evidence from past researchers. The study found out that FDI positively influence Nigeria Economy system, that FDI funds can be used for long term development goal and therefore recommends that to promote growth and development in the economy, government should give priority to policies that could promote FDI inflows into the country such as tax holidays, infrastructural development, consistent power supply and good security outlet to address the issues of Boko Haram and their random bombing in some part of the country, kidnapping and militancy. This will go along way in creating job opportunities for the unemployed youth band help in checkmating the high rate of poverty in the country thereby reducing the gap between rich and the poor.

The successful integration and development strategies of East Asia and Southeast Asia in the forms of regional integrations such as the ASEAN have motivated to convert these into mega regional groups that is, the formation of the regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP). RCEP has remained under discussion in the political forums since 2012 which had reached its crucial phase but India had refused to sign the pact in the Bangkok summit on 4 November 2019. India’s decision to pull out from the RCEP has likely protected her domestic sectors from the Chinese aggressive dumping, but it could adversely impact foreign investments and bargaining powers with the United States and the European Union in the short run. JEL Classification Codes: P25, R11

The article analyzes the novelties introduced to the civil procedural legislation in the cassation review. Cassation proceedings in Ukraine’s current civil proceedings engender a post-appellate court decision review, the content and purpose of which are to ensure civil proceeding implementation based on the latter principle application. The author evaluates cassation filters as a positive step in forming the cassation appeal institution. They constitute self-limitation of the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction and are designed to relieve it from reviewing an excessive number of cases. Simultaneously, the current legal regulation of cassation filters (grounds for appealing court decisions) is far from ideal and needs to be improved, given the shortcomings highlighted in the study. The non-parties to the case, possessing the right to cassation appeal, are not always burdened with participation in the case. Using the example of prosecutor participation in the cassation proceedings, the author illustrates how national law confers such rights on persons who did not take part in the case.

The Basarwa are the most marginalised tribe in Botswana. Their loss of access to land and subjugation is traceable to the arrival of the Bantu in Southern Africa. In an effort to address this historical injustice, the colonial government conceived the Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) as a ‘Bushmen’ land reserve. Notwithstanding this, the Basarwa have lost access to their historical lands and natural resources to tourism and mining. Consequently, the Basarwa took the government to court which resulted in the judicial pronouncement that that they are lawful occupiers of the reserve and cannot be relocated against their will. The court ruled that the Basarwa are indigenous peoples within the scope of international law. This article investigates the rights indigenous peoples have in the context of protecting the Basarwa. It argues that the Constitution of Botswana confers special rights to the Basarwa equivalent to those of indigenous peoples at international law. It further argues that the Basarwa have rights to access and utilisation of natural resources in the CKGR. This article recommends that the government should desist from approaching the Basarwa in a paternalist manner and respect their right to self-determination. It concludes that the recognition of the indigeneity of the Basarwa is critical in resolving their land issues.

Totemism is the philosophy in which animals and inanimate objects called totems are accepted as harmless co-habitants of man. Myths are folkloric tales of origins and existence, which are as doubtful as they are credible. In assessing Totemic and Mythological Imagery for cultural studies, the study specifically sought to; (i) measure the extent to which Igbo cultural images can hold students’ attention during cultural studies, and (ii) explore Igbo totemic and mythological themes for traditional synthesis in art. The research was experimental and descriptive survey. The 4-week long vacation experiment comprised 40 Junior Secondary School students of ages 12-14 (treatment, n=20; control, n=20) randomised from 60. The subject foci were; (i) Cultural Studies; Igbo, Social Studies and Agriculture, and (ii) Art; Fine art, Poetry and Drama. Three study instruments were used; (i) Igbo Totemic and Mythological Illustrations Scoring Chart (ITMI-SC), (ii) Igbo Totemic and Mythological Illustrations Mean Rating Table (ITMI-MRT), and (iii) Igbo Totemic and Mythological Illustrations Post-test Impact Assessment Mean Rating Table (ITMIPIA-MRT). The post-test course tagged; Igbo Totemic and Mythological Illustrations Post-test Impact Assessment Test (ITMI-PIAT) involved the treatment and control groups in a free-topic choice of artistic contents. Findings showed that the treatment group progressed in cultural studies with artistic illustrations and subsequently explored Igbo mythological contents freely in art. During the ITMI-PIAT post test, the treatment group excelled beyond the control group members who were significantly atelic. It is recommended that teachers adopt artistic pedagogies for ethnographical studies while injecting traditional contents in art learning processes.

The article analyzes the causes of an extreme social event in the format of a global pandemic. They are associated with the “re-quantization of reality” — the change of universal attractors of the historical process, which set specific ways of regulating system structures. The old system-forming meaning of the development of society as a Zoopopulation has finally exhausted its regulatory possibilities; the new meaning is just beginning to integrate social elements for the transition to a psychosocial formation. The clash and struggle of old and new causal connections generates causal dissonance, leads to an increase in entropy in social systems, which, in turn, generates an extremum that threatens humanity with self — destruction-an omnicide. The specifics of a possible suicide of humanity is of relative importance: epidemics, earthquakes, asteroid crashes, and other variants of global misery can threaten and increase until a new sense of development dominates the social consciousness. A real pandemic is the best time for a quantum transition from the old regulation to the new: as soon as the new anthropic principle of managing causal connections prevails, the disease will disappear, and civilization will pass to a new period of its development.

Environmental challenge is a global phenomenon which has generated discussions at different levels. The discussions focus on how humans can stop mistreating the ecosystem and create a sustainable environment. This discussion will continue as long as the attitude of people to the environment is still atrocious. The present state of the environment in Nigeria is of utmost concern. This gruesome attitude could be as a result of erroneous belief that human beings are to exercise dominion over the earth. Changing this erroneous belief requires continuous intentional enlightenment on environmental sustainability. A Yoruba adage says, bi ina o ba tan laso, eje kin tan ni eekanna (As long as there are lice on one’s clothe, there will be blood on the hands). Hence, Christians, by their God-given roles in Genesis 1:26, 28; 2:15, which is to “till the land, keep it, rule over it and fill it” are to champion this enlightenment by preaching “Green Gospel.” “Green gospel” is Gods’ act of benevolence to human beings with regards to the environment and human beings’ responsibilities as leader and manager of environment. “Green gospel” is aimed at raising environmental-friendly people. These are people who will preserve, conserve and care for the environment. Descriptive method is used in this paper. The paper looks at the views of different schools of thought and Christians on environment and concludes that a continuous preaching of “Green Gospel” by Christians will help in solving environmental challenge in Nigeria and the global world. “Green Gospel” should first be preached in the Church and Church members should in turn spread the Gospel to the “market place.”

The list of Apollo's virtues (ἀρεταί) in the second hymn of Callimachus describes, in the context of the appearance of the god, a mysterious healing substance which trickles from the hair of the patron of medicine (lines 45–6). Hymn 2.38–41:αἱ δὲ κόμαι θυόεντα πέδῳ λείβουσιν ἔλαια⋅οὐ λίπος ᾿Απόλλωνος ἀποστάζουσιν ἔθειραι,ἀλλ᾽ αὐτὴν πανάκειαν⋅ ἐν ἄστεϊ δ᾽ ᾧ κεν ἐκεῖναιπρῶκες ἔραζε πέσωσιν, ἀκήρια πάντ᾽ ἐγένοντο.Apollo's hair distils flagrant drops of unguent to the ground: Apollo's curls shed no oil but panacea itself. In the city where those dewdrops fall to earth, all things are safe.

There is no panacea for COVID-19, but during this pandemic, the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is vital to save young lives.

The presence and quantity of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was surveyed using TaqMan real-time PCR to assess the extent of the virus in Mississippi Sound, USA. A total of 3577 wild decapods comprising 11 species was collected between November 2012 and August 2015: WSSV was present in 10 of the 11 species. Prevalence ranged from 5.1% in Uca rapax to 38.8% in U. spinicarpa. Viral load ranged from 1.8 to 7.3 log10 copies of WSSV µg-1 total DNA. Two Gulf species, Palaemonetes pugio and U. panacea, were injected with a series of doses of a virulent WSSV isolate from China to determine relative susceptibility and virulence because continuing translocation of highly pathogenic isolates of WSSV poses risk to native species. Survival was 0-65% for P. pugio and 5-60% for U. panacea. Median survival time was lower for P. pugio than U. panacea at all doses. Mean (±SD) lethal load was 9.0 ± 8.9 log copies of WSSV µg-1 total DNA in P. pugio and 8.2 ± 8.3 in U. panacea. Mean viral load in survivors was higher in U. panacea than in P. pugio (5.8 ± 6.1 vs. 3.2 ± 3.0 log copies of WSSV µg-1 total DNA); mean viral load was lower in wild individuals of those species (2.9 ± 3.2 for P. pugio and 4.9 ± 5.0 for U. panacea). U. panacea is potentially more tolerant of WSSV than P. pugio and may serve as an important reservoir host in the community.

Lipid oxidation is an important cause of quality deterioration in marine-based foods (MBFs) because of their high contents of poly- and mono- unsaturated fatty acids. Synthetic antioxidants...

Guggul is an oleo-gum resin obtained from plants belonging to the genera Commiphora and Boswellia, within the Burseraceae family. Its source are mainly two species: Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhand. (syn. Commiphora mukul (Hook. ex Stocks) Engl. and Boswellia serrata (Roxb. ex Colebr.), which are native to India. In this area, they have been known from centuries and used in the traditional Indian medicine – Ayurveda for the treatment of variety of disorders such as: rheumatism, inflammation, liver dysfunction, gout, obesity, diabetes and disorders of lipids metabolism. The oleo-gum occurs in the resin canals located in the larger veins of the leaf and in the soft base of the stem. It is obtained through incision of the tree bark and outflow of the viscous, golden substance with characteristic myrrh-like fragrance. Guggul derived from C. wightii is a mixture of various chemical compounds, namely: an essential oil consisting of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes; as well as diterpenes, triterpenes, steroids, phenolic acids, lignans, guggultetrols, carbohydrates and amino acids. Whereas, the raw material obtained from B. serrata consists of resin, which is mostly made up of tetra- and pentacyclic triterpene acids, and moreover a hydrophilic fraction and an essential oil being a mixture of terpenes. It has been proven that guggul exerts various biological activities and influences life function through effects on lipids and glucose metabolism, endogenous nuclear receptors, inflammatory mediators or thyroid hormone homeostasis. It also has valuable antineoplastic, antimicrobial, hepato-, neuro- and cardioprotective properties. Nowadays, when the majority of the society takes notice to the healthy lifestyle and condition of natural environment, guggul and its components are increasingly used as dietary supplements. The following review summarizes the knowledge on the sources, phytochemistry, traditional and modern use, pharmacological properties and toxicological data of the raw material derived from C. wightii and B. serrata.

This article deals with the biochemical characteristics of varieties of Saint Mary’s Thistle such as Panacea, Debut and Samaryanka. Based on the studies, it was found that the highest oil content was found in the species Debut (26%). The lowest oil content was observed in the variety Samaryanka (19%). The highest protein content and the sum of total amino acids in the seeds of St. Mary’s Thistle varieties were found in the variety Debut (131.1), and the lowest indication was observed in the species Samaryanka (79.2). By the number of replaceable amino acids existing in the seeds of the species of St. Mary’s Thistle, it was found in the Varieties Debut (126.3), and the lowest indication was observed in the variety Samaryanka (112). Based on the results of studies and the noted biochemical characteristics and varietal differences of the St. Mary’s Thistle, the possibility and expediency of expanding the crops of this species in the soil and climatic conditions of the Khorezm region are suggested. The research was conducted 2017-2019 y.

‘’Terrorism that is seen as an organized violent attack on a target with the aim of undermining a lawfully constituted authority and to cause fear among the populace in furthering of some social-political objectives’’. It’s an act that has been bedeviling Nigerian state since 2003, and the adverse effect of these act on Nigeria has been a heavy humanitarian crisis on one hand, and challenges of insecurity on the other hand. Despite the enactment of the terrorism provision Act 2011, which was enacted to prosecute, punish those citizens that will be engaging in the Act of terrorism in Nigeria, and finally prevent such Act, quite a number of Nigerian citizens still engaged in the Act of terrorism. This paper examined the causes and the impact of terrorism on the Nigerian state, and proffer sustainable solution to the act of terrorism bedeviling Nigerian state. This paper adopted the hybrid method of data collection, that is both primary and secondary method of data collection was applied. The paper conducted interviews, while other data was gathered from the readymade works of scholars and was used in the analyses of fact. After examining terrorism and its impact on Nigeria, the paper analyzed options that may serve as a way out of the menace of terrorism in Nigeria and recommended that government of Nigeria should adopt the strategy and possible panacea put forward by this paper, as it will help to a great extends in eradicating terrorism in Nigeria.

In Asia “connectivity” is celebrated as a panacea to kick-start rapid economic growth in the region’s less developed countries. In the process, China and Japan, but also India, Thailand and South K...

Introduction: The challenge of calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power after refractive surgery such as radial keratotomy (RK) remains unresolved after two decades. At present, there is an increase in patients with this history. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the difference in refractive error after surgery between the Barrett True-K No History and Panacea formulas, for the calculation of IOL in cataract operated patients with a history of RK. Materials and methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted. The power of the IOL was calculated, with the Barrett True-K No History and Panacea formulas, and the IOLMaster 500 biometer. Two groups were studied. The predicted spherical equivalent was adjusted to obtain the power of the final implanted lens. The result of the predicted spherical equivalent was subtracted from the actual spherical equivalent, thus the refractive error was obtained for each formula. Student’s t-test was used for independent groups. Results: The error with the Barrett True-K No History formula was −0.16 ± 1.12, whereas the error with the Panacea formula was −0.93 ± 1.22. p = 0.346. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference when comparing these two formulas, which showed that Panacea is as effective as Barrett True-K No History in cataract-operated patients with a history of RK.

It seems so long ago. Rereading my article, now more than twenty years later, is like rewatching the beginning of an old long war movie. I was so young, optimistic, and naive. When I wrote the article I saw myself as something of a prophet Isaiah, crying in the wilderness. My goal was to alert the world to the dangers I saw in the then-new phenomenon of mandatory contractual arbitration, and to fight back against that phenomenon. I thought, or at least hoped, that if I alerted the world to the dangers I saw, surely someone would step in to protect consumers and employees. Instead, while the world has certainly been alerted, so far corporate use of mandatory arbitration remains largely unchecked and indeed has expanded beyond what I ever imagined in my worst nightmares. One recent study found that more than 50 percent of nonunion employees have been deprived of their right to sue their employer in court, and we all know that mandatory arbitration is rampant in the consumer setting. In addition, companies have used mandatory arbitration to insulate themselves from class actions in many contexts....