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Competition law and intellectual property rights (IPRs) have evolved historically as two separate systems of law. There is a considerable overlap in the goals of the two systems of law because both are aimed at promoting innovation and economic growth. Yet there are also potential conflicts owing to the means used by each system to promote those goals. IP laws generally offer a right of exclusive use and exploitation to provide a reward to the innovator, to provide an incentive to other innovators and to bring into the public domain innovative information that might otherwise remain trade secrets. Competition authorities regulate near monopolies, mergers and commercial agreements with the aim of maintaining effective competition in markets. This article introduces the concept of IPRs and Competition law. It highlights important areas of conflict between the two laws and also deals with the Indian antitrust law. It concludes by trying to harmonize the conflicts., 1. Introduction Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Competition Law are both founded with the purpose of achieving economic development, technological advancement and consumer welfare. IPR are legal rights governing the [...]

This paper presents an interval type-2 fuzzy logic (IT2FL) controlled single-phase enhanced power quality-based photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) system. The objective of this paper is to develop a PV inverter with the features of real power injection and power quality enhancement (PQE) capability such as reactive power compensation and grid current harmonics reduction at the point of common coupling (PCC). To overcome the problems of conventional controllers requiring intricate mathematical model, an IT2FL controller (IT2FLC) is proposed for the dc-link voltage control. A prototype model of the proposed system is developed in the laboratory and is tested with the help of dSPACE DS1104 platform. Finally, the performance of IT2FLC-based PVDG system is compared with a conventional PI-based PVDG system on the basis of both simulation and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented topology in this paper represents a boosting topology known as extended boost active switch‐controlled switched inductor Z‐source inverter (EBASCSI‐ZSI). The presented topology has the ability to provide high boost output voltage with lower shoot‐through duty cycle. Three existing topologies in the field of Z‐source inverter, namely, qZSI, DA‐qZSI, and CA‐qZSI, have been compared with the presented topology. It has been found that the boosting factor of the presented topology is higher compared to the three topologies. The presented topology has used the same number of inductors and a less capacitor compared to CA‐qZSI topology, the same number of inductors and capacitors as compared to DA‐qZSI topology, a more capacitor, and an inductor compared to qZSI topology. The voltage stress across the capacitors of the presented topology is approximately the same compared to CA‐qZSI topology at higher shoot‐through state, and the voltage stress is more compared to DA‐qZSI and qZSI topologies at the same shoot‐through state. The current stress across the inductors of the presented topology is similar across some inductors of the DA‐qZSI and CA‐qZSI topologies while in some other inductors, it is lower than that of CA‐qZSI topology. The presented topology has been designed with a common ground between the source and inverter bridge while drawing continuous current from the source. The simulation model and its hardware prototype have been developed in the laboratory. The theoretical formulae obtained from the proposed model are matching with outcome of the simulation and hardware model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a novel control strategy for a 1-ϕ 2-level grid-tie photovoltaic (PV) inverter to enhance the power quality (PQ) of a PV distributed generation (PVDG) system. The objective is to obtain the maximum benefits from the grid-tie PV inverter by introducing current harmonics as well as reactive power compensation schemes in its control strategy, thereby controlling the PV inverter to achieve multiple functions in the PVDG system such as: (1) active power flow control between the PV inverter and the grid, (2) reactive power compensation, and (3) grid current harmonics compensation. A PQ enhancement controller (PQEC) has been designed to achieve the aforementioned objectives. The issue of underutilisation of the PV inverter in nighttime has also been addressed in this article and for the optimal use of the system; the PV inverter is used as a shunt active power filter in nighttime. A prototype model of the proposed system is developed in the laboratory, to validate the effectiveness of the control scheme, and is tested with the help of the dSPACE DS1104 platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]