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24 results on '"Pandian, N.G."'

1. Scientists Against War: A Plea to World Leaders for Better Governance

Author

Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Kumar, V.M., Pandian, N.G., Jong, J.T.V.M. de, Andiappan, S., Corlateanu, A., Mahalaksmi, A.M., Chidambaram, S.B., Kumar, R.R., Ramasubramanian, C., Sivasubramaniam, S., Bjørkum, A.A., Cutajar, J., Berk, M., Trakht, I., Vrdoljak, A., Meira, E.C.M., Eyre, H.A., Grønli, J., Cardinali, D.P., Maercker, A., Put, W. van de, Guzder, J., Bjorvatn, B., Tol, W.A., Acuña-Castroviejo, D., Meudec, M., Morin, C.M., Partinen, M., Barbui, C., Jordans, M.J.D., Braakman, M.H., Knaevelsrud, C., Pallesen, S., Sijbrandij, M., Golombek, D.A., Espie, C.A., Cuijpers, P., Agudelo, H.A.M., Velden, K. van der, Kolk, B.A. van der, Hobfoll, S.E., Devillé, W., Gradisar, M., Riemann, D., Axelsson, J., Benítez-King, G., Macy, R.D., Poberezhets, V., Hoole, S.R.H., Murthy, R.S., Hegemann, T., Heinz, A., Salvage, J., McFarlane, A.C., Keukens, R., Silva, H. de, Oestereich, C., Wilhelm, J., Cranach, M. von, Hoffmann, K., Klosinski, M., Bhugra, D., Seeman, M.V., Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Kumar, V.M., Pandian, N.G., Jong, J.T.V.M. de, Andiappan, S., Corlateanu, A., Mahalaksmi, A.M., Chidambaram, S.B., Kumar, R.R., Ramasubramanian, C., Sivasubramaniam, S., Bjørkum, A.A., Cutajar, J., Berk, M., Trakht, I., Vrdoljak, A., Meira, E.C.M., Eyre, H.A., Grønli, J., Cardinali, D.P., Maercker, A., Put, W. van de, Guzder, J., Bjorvatn, B., Tol, W.A., Acuña-Castroviejo, D., Meudec, M., Morin, C.M., Partinen, M., Barbui, C., Jordans, M.J.D., Braakman, M.H., Knaevelsrud, C., Pallesen, S., Sijbrandij, M., Golombek, D.A., Espie, C.A., Cuijpers, P., Agudelo, H.A.M., Velden, K. van der, Kolk, B.A. van der, Hobfoll, S.E., Devillé, W., Gradisar, M., Riemann, D., Axelsson, J., Benítez-King, G., Macy, R.D., Poberezhets, V., Hoole, S.R.H., Murthy, R.S., Hegemann, T., Heinz, A., Salvage, J., McFarlane, A.C., Keukens, R., Silva, H. de, Oestereich, C., Wilhelm, J., Cranach, M. von, Hoffmann, K., Klosinski, M., Bhugra, D., and Seeman, M.V.

Abstract

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Published
2022

4. Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author

Murray, C.J.L. (Christopher), Ortblad, K.F. (Katrina F), Guinovart, C. (Caterina), Lim, S.S. (Stephen), Wolock, T.M. (Timothy M), Roberts, D.A. (D Allen), Dansereau, E.A. (Emily A), Graetz, N. (Nicholas), Barber, R.M. (Ryan), Brown, J.C. (Jonathan C), Wang, H. (Haidong), Duber, H.C. (Herbert C), Naghavi, M. (Morteza), Dicker, D. (Daniel), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Salomon, J.A. (Joshua), Heuton, K.R. (Kyle R), Foreman, K. (Kyle), Phillips, D.E. (David E), Fleming, T.D. (Thomas D), Flaxman, A.D. (Abraham D), Phillips, B.K. (Bryan K), Johnson, E.M. (Elizabeth), Coggeshall, M.S. (Megan S), Abd-Allah, F. (Foad), Abera, S.F. (Semaw Ferede), Abraham, J.P. (Jerry), Abubakar, I. (Ibrahim), Abu-Raddad, L.J. (Laith J), Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. (Niveen Me), Achoki, T. (Tom), Adeyemo, A. (Adebowale), Adou, A.K. (Arsène Kouablan), Adsuar, J.C. (José C), Agardh, E.E. (Emilie Elisabet), Akena, D. (Dickens), Al Kahbouri, M.J. (Mazin J), Alasfoor, D. (Deena), Albittar, M.I. (Mohammed I), Alcalá-Cerra, G. (Gabriel), Alegretti, M.A. (Miguel Angel), Alemu, G. (Getnet), Alfonso-Cristancho, R. (Rafael), Alhabib, S. (Samia), Ali, R. (Raghib), Alla, F. (Francois), Allen, P.J. (Peter), Alsharif, U. (Ubai), Alvarez, E. (Elena), Alvis-Guzman, N. (Nelson), Amankwaa, A.A. (Adansi A), Amare, A.T. (Azmeraw T), Amini, H. (Hassan), Ammar, K.A., Anderson, B.O. (Benjamin), Antonio, C.A.T. (Carl Abelardo T), Anwari, P. (Palwasha), Ärnlöv, J. (Johan), Arsenijevic, V.S.A. (Valentina S Arsic), Artaman, A. (Ali), Asghar, R.J. (Rana J), Assadi, R. (Reza), Atkins, L.S. (Lydia S), Badawi, A.F. (Alaa), Banerjee, A. (Amitava), Basu, S. (Saonli), Beardsley, J. (Justin), Bekele, T. (Tolesa), Bell, M.L. (Michelle Lee), Bernabe, E. (Eduardo), Beyene, T.J. (Tariku Jibat), Bhala, N. (Neeraj), Bhalla, P.L. (Pankaj), Bhutta, Z.A. (Zulfiqar A), Abdulhak, A.B. (Aref Bin), Binagwaho, A. (Agnes), Blore, J.D. (Jed D), Bose, D. (Dipan), Brainin, M. (Michael), Breitborde, N. (Nicholas), Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. (Carlos A), Catalá-López, F. (Ferrán), Chadha, D., Chang, J.-C. (Jung-Chen), Chiang, Y.T., Chuang, T.-W. (Ting-Wu), Colomar, M. (Mercedes), Cooper Jr., L.T. (Leslie Trumbull), Cooper, C. (Charles), Courville, K.J. (Karen J), Cowie, M.R. (Martin R.), Criqui, M. (Michael), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Dayama, A. (Anand), Leo, D. (Diego) de, Degenhardt, F., Del Pozo-Cruz, B. (Borja), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Des Jarlais, D.C. (Don C), Dessalegn, M. (Muluken), Dharmaratne, S.D. (Samath D), Dilmen, U. (Uǧur), Ding, E.L. (Eric), Driscoll, J.M., Durrani, Z., Ellenbogen, R.G. (Richard G), Ermakov, S. (Sergey), Esteghamati, A. (Alireza), Faraon, E.J.A. (Emerito Jose A), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad), Fijabi, D.O. (Daniel Obadare), Forouzanfar, M.H. (Mohammad H), Fra.Paleo, U. (Urbano), Gaffikin, L. (Lynne), Gamkrelidze, A. (Amiran), Gankpé, F.G. (Fortuné Gbètoho), Geleijnse, J.M. (Marianne), Gessner, B.D. (Bradford D), Gibney, K.B. (Katherine B), Ginawi, I.A.M. (Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed), Glaser, E.L. (Elizabeth L), Gona, P. (Philimon), Goto, A. (Akimoto), Gouda, H.N. (Hebe N), Gugnani, H.C. (Harish Chander), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Hafezi-Nejad, N. (Nima), Hamadeh, R.R. (Randah Ribhi), Hammami, M. (Mouhanad), Hankey, G.J. (Graeme), Harb, H.L. (Hilda L), Haro, J.M. (Josep Maria), Havmoeller, R. (Rasmus), Hay, S.I. (Simon I), Hedayati, M.T. (Mohammad T), Pi, I.B.H. (Ileana B Heredia), Hoek, H.W. (Hans), Hornberger, J.C. (John C), Hosgood, H.D. (H Dean), Hotez, P.J. (Peter), Hoy, D.G. (Damian G), Huang, J. (Jian), Iburg, K.M. (Kim M), Idrisov, B.T. (Bulat T), Innos, K. (Kaire), Jacobsen, K.H. (Kathryn H), Jeemon, P. (Panniyammakal), Jensen, P.N. (Paul N), Jha, V. (Vivekanand), Jiang, G. (Guohong), Jonas, J.B., Juel, K. (Knud), Kan, H. (Haidong), Kankindi, I. (Ida), Karam, V. (Vincent), Karch, F. (Francois), Karema, C.K. (Corine Kakizi), Kaul, A. (Anil), Kawakami, N. (Norito), Kazi, D.S. (Dhruv S), Kemp, A.H. (Andrew H), Kengne, A.P. (Andre Pascal), Keren, A. (Andre), Kereselidze, M. (Maia), Khader, Y.S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalifa, S.E.A.H. (Shams Eldin Ali Hassan), Khan, E.A. (Ejaz Ahmed), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Khonelidze, I. (Irma), Kinfu, Y. (Yohannes), Kinge, J.M. (Jonas M), Knibbs, L. (Luke), Kokubo, Y. (Yoshihiro), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Defo, B.K. (Barthelemy Kuate), Kulkarni, V.S. (Veena S), Kulkarni, C. (Chanda), Kumar, K. (Kuldeep), Kumar, R.B. (Ravi B), Kumar, G.A. (G Anil), Kwan, G.F. (Gene F), Lai, T. (Taavi), Balaji, A.L. (Arjun Lakshmana), Lam, H. (Hilton), Lan, Q. (Qing), Lansingh, V.C. (Van C), Larson, H.J. (Heidi J), Larsson, A. (Anders), Lee, J.-T. (Jong-Tae), Leigh, P.N. (Nigel), Leinsalu, M. (Mall), Leung, R. (Ricky), Li, Y. (Yichong), Li, Y. (Yongmei), Lima, G.M.F. (Graça Maria Ferreira) de, Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lipshultz, S.E. (Steven), Liu, S. (Simin), Liu, Y. (Yang), Lloyd, B.K. (Belinda K), Lotufo, P.A. (Paulo A), Machado, V.M.P. (Vasco Manuel Pedro), Maclachlan, J.H. (Jennifer H), Magis-Rodriguez, C. (Carlos), Majdan, M. (Marek), Mapoma, C.C. (Christopher Chabila), Marcenes, W. (Wagner), Marzan, M.B. (Melvin Barrientos), Masci, J.R. (Joseph R), Mashal, R., Mason-Jones, A.J. (Amanda J), Mayosi, B.M. (Bongani), Mazorodze, T.T. (Tasara T), Mckay, M.J. (Michael), Meaney, M.J., Mehndiratta, M.M. (Man Mohan), Mejia-Rodriguez, F. (Fabiola), Melaku, Y.A. (Yohannes Adama), Memish, Z.A. (Ziad), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Miller, T.R. (Ted R), Mills, E.J. (Edward J), Mohammad, K.A. (Karzan Abdulmuhsin), Mokdad, A.H. (Ali H), Mola, G.L. (Glen Liddell), Monasta, L. (Lorenzo), Montico, M. (Marcella), Moore, A.R. (Ami R), Mori, R. (Riccardo), Moturi, W.N. (Wilkister Nyaora), Mukaigawara, M. (Mitsuru), Murthy, A.C. (Adeline C.), Naheed, A. (Aliya), Naidoo, K.S. (Kovin S), Naldi, L. (Lucia), Nangia, M. (Monika), Narayan, K.M.V. (Venkat), Nash, J.H.E. (John), Nejjari, C. (Chakib), Nelson, R.D. (Robert), Neupane, S.P. (Sudan Prasad), Newton, C. (Cameron), Ng, M. (Marie), Nisar, M.I. (Muhammad Imran), Nolte, S. (Sandra), Norheim, O.F. (Ole F), Nowaseb, V. (Vincent), Nyakarahuka, L. (Luke), Oh, I.-H. (In-Hwan), Ohkubo, T. (Takayoshi), Olusanya, B.O. (Bolajoko O), Omer, S.B. (Saad B), Opio, J.N. (John Nelson), Orisakwe, O.E. (Orish Ebere), Pandian, N.G. (Natesa), Papachristou, C., Caicedo, M.S. (Marco), Patten, J., Paul, V.K. (Vinod K), Pavlin, B.I. (Boris Igor), Pearce, N. (Neil), Pereira, D.M. (David M), Pervaiz, Z. (Zahid), Pesudovs, K. (Konrad), Petzold, M. (Max), Pourmalek, F. (Farshad), Qato, D. (Dima), Quezada, A.D. (Amado D), Quistberg, D.A. (D Alex), Rafay, A. (Anwar), Rahimi, K. (Kazem), Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (Vafa), Rahman, S.U. (Sajjad Ur), Raju, M. (Murugesan), Rana, S.M. (Saleem M), Razavi, H. (Homie), Reilly, R.Q. (Robert Quentin), Remuzzi, G. (Giuseppe), Richardus, J.H. (Jan Hendrik), Ronfani, L. (Luca), Roy, N. (Nadine) van, Sabin, M.L. (Miriam Lewis), Saeedi, M.Y. (Mohammad Yahya), Sahraian, M.A. (Mohammad Ali), Samonte, G.M.J. (Genesis May J), Sawhney, M.S. (Monika), Schneider, I.J.C. (Ione J C), Schwebel, D.C. (David C), Seedat, S. (Soraya), Sepanlou, S.G. (Sadaf G), Servan-Mori, E.E. (Edson E), Sheikhbahaei, S. (Sara), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shin, H.H. (Hwashin Hyun), Shiue, I. (Ivy), Shivakoti, R. (Rupak), Sigfusdottir, I.D. (Inga Dora), Silberberg, D.H. (Donald H), Silva, A.P. (Andrea P), Simard, J. (Jacques), Singh, J.A. (Jasvinder), Skirbekk, V. (Vegard), Sliwa, K. (Karen), Soneji, S. (Samir), Soshnikov, S.S. (Sergey S), Sreeramareddy, C.T. (Chandrashekhar T), Stathopoulou, V.K. (Vasiliki Kalliopi), Stroumpoulis, K. (Konstantinos), Swaminathan, S., Sykes, B.C. (Bryan), Tabb, K.M. (Karen M), Talongwa, R.T. (Roberto Tchio), Tenkorang, E.Y. (Eric Yeboah), Terkawi, A.S. (Abdullah Sulieman), Thomson, A.J. (Alan J), Thorne-Lyman, A.L. (Andrew L), Towbin, J.A. (Jeffrey A), Traebert, J. (Jefferson), Tran, B.X. (Bach X), Dimbuene, Z.T. (Zacharie Tsala), Tsilimbaris, M. (Miltiadis), Uchendu, U.S. (Uche S), Ukwaja, K.N. (Kingsley N), Vallely, S.R. (Stephen), Vasankari, T.J. (Tommi J), Venketasubramanian, N. (Narayanaswamy), Violante, F.S. (Francesco S), Vlassov, V.V. (Vasiliy Victorovich), Waller, P. (Patrick), Wallin, M.T. (Mitchell T), Wang, L. (Linhong), Wang, S.X., Wang, Y. (Yanping), Weichenthal, S. (Scott), Weiderpass, E. (Elisabete), Weintraub, R.G. (Robert G), Westerman, R. (Ronny), White, R.G. (Richard), Wilkinson, J.D. (James D), Williams, T.N. (Thomas Neil), Woldeyohannes, S.M. (Solomon Meseret), Wong, J.B. (John), Xu, G. (Gelin), Yang, Y.C. (Yang C), Yano, K.-I., Yip, P. (Paul), Yonemoto, N. (Naohiro), Yoon, S.-J. (Seok-Jun), Younis, M. (Mustafa), Yu, C. (Chuanhua), Jin, K.Y. (Kim Yun), El Sayed Zaki, M. (Maysaa), Zhao, Y. (Yong), Zheng, Y. (Yuhui), Balakrishnan, K. (Kalpana), Zhou, M. (Ming), Zhu, J. (Jun), Zou, X.N. (Xiao Nong), Lopez, A.D. (Alan D), Vos, T. (Theo), Murray, C.J.L. (Christopher), Ortblad, K.F. (Katrina F), Guinovart, C. (Caterina), Lim, S.S. (Stephen), Wolock, T.M. (Timothy M), Roberts, D.A. (D Allen), Dansereau, E.A. (Emily A), Graetz, N. (Nicholas), Barber, R.M. (Ryan), Brown, J.C. (Jonathan C), Wang, H. (Haidong), Duber, H.C. (Herbert C), Naghavi, M. (Morteza), Dicker, D. (Daniel), Dandona, L. (Lalit), Salomon, J.A. (Joshua), Heuton, K.R. (Kyle R), Foreman, K. (Kyle), Phillips, D.E. (David E), Fleming, T.D. (Thomas D), Flaxman, A.D. (Abraham D), Phillips, B.K. (Bryan K), Johnson, E.M. (Elizabeth), Coggeshall, M.S. (Megan S), Abd-Allah, F. (Foad), Abera, S.F. (Semaw Ferede), Abraham, J.P. (Jerry), Abubakar, I. (Ibrahim), Abu-Raddad, L.J. (Laith J), Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. (Niveen Me), Achoki, T. (Tom), Adeyemo, A. (Adebowale), Adou, A.K. (Arsène Kouablan), Adsuar, J.C. (José C), Agardh, E.E. (Emilie Elisabet), Akena, D. (Dickens), Al Kahbouri, M.J. (Mazin J), Alasfoor, D. (Deena), Albittar, M.I. (Mohammed I), Alcalá-Cerra, G. (Gabriel), Alegretti, M.A. (Miguel Angel), Alemu, G. (Getnet), Alfonso-Cristancho, R. (Rafael), Alhabib, S. (Samia), Ali, R. (Raghib), Alla, F. (Francois), Allen, P.J. (Peter), Alsharif, U. (Ubai), Alvarez, E. (Elena), Alvis-Guzman, N. (Nelson), Amankwaa, A.A. (Adansi A), Amare, A.T. (Azmeraw T), Amini, H. (Hassan), Ammar, K.A., Anderson, B.O. (Benjamin), Antonio, C.A.T. (Carl Abelardo T), Anwari, P. (Palwasha), Ärnlöv, J. (Johan), Arsenijevic, V.S.A. (Valentina S Arsic), Artaman, A. (Ali), Asghar, R.J. (Rana J), Assadi, R. (Reza), Atkins, L.S. (Lydia S), Badawi, A.F. (Alaa), Banerjee, A. (Amitava), Basu, S. (Saonli), Beardsley, J. (Justin), Bekele, T. (Tolesa), Bell, M.L. (Michelle Lee), Bernabe, E. (Eduardo), Beyene, T.J. (Tariku Jibat), Bhala, N. (Neeraj), Bhalla, P.L. (Pankaj), Bhutta, Z.A. (Zulfiqar A), Abdulhak, A.B. (Aref Bin), Binagwaho, A. (Agnes), Blore, J.D. (Jed D), Bose, D. (Dipan), Brainin, M. (Michael), Breitborde, N. (Nicholas), Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. (Carlos A), Catalá-López, F. (Ferrán), Chadha, D., Chang, J.-C. (Jung-Chen), Chiang, Y.T., Chuang, T.-W. (Ting-Wu), Colomar, M. (Mercedes), Cooper Jr., L.T. (Leslie Trumbull), Cooper, C. (Charles), Courville, K.J. (Karen J), Cowie, M.R. (Martin R.), Criqui, M. (Michael), Dandona, R. (Rakhi), Dayama, A. (Anand), Leo, D. (Diego) de, Degenhardt, F., Del Pozo-Cruz, B. (Borja), Deribe, K. (Kebede), Des Jarlais, D.C. (Don C), Dessalegn, M. (Muluken), Dharmaratne, S.D. (Samath D), Dilmen, U. (Uǧur), Ding, E.L. (Eric), Driscoll, J.M., Durrani, Z., Ellenbogen, R.G. (Richard G), Ermakov, S. (Sergey), Esteghamati, A. (Alireza), Faraon, E.J.A. (Emerito Jose A), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Fereshtehnejad, S.-M. (Seyed-Mohammad), Fijabi, D.O. (Daniel Obadare), Forouzanfar, M.H. (Mohammad H), Fra.Paleo, U. (Urbano), Gaffikin, L. (Lynne), Gamkrelidze, A. (Amiran), Gankpé, F.G. (Fortuné Gbètoho), Geleijnse, J.M. (Marianne), Gessner, B.D. (Bradford D), Gibney, K.B. (Katherine B), Ginawi, I.A.M. (Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed), Glaser, E.L. (Elizabeth L), Gona, P. (Philimon), Goto, A. (Akimoto), Gouda, H.N. (Hebe N), Gugnani, H.C. (Harish Chander), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Hafezi-Nejad, N. (Nima), Hamadeh, R.R. (Randah Ribhi), Hammami, M. (Mouhanad), Hankey, G.J. (Graeme), Harb, H.L. (Hilda L), Haro, J.M. (Josep Maria), Havmoeller, R. (Rasmus), Hay, S.I. (Simon I), Hedayati, M.T. (Mohammad T), Pi, I.B.H. (Ileana B Heredia), Hoek, H.W. (Hans), Hornberger, J.C. (John C), Hosgood, H.D. (H Dean), Hotez, P.J. (Peter), Hoy, D.G. (Damian G), Huang, J. (Jian), Iburg, K.M. (Kim M), Idrisov, B.T. (Bulat T), Innos, K. (Kaire), Jacobsen, K.H. (Kathryn H), Jeemon, P. (Panniyammakal), Jensen, P.N. (Paul N), Jha, V. (Vivekanand), Jiang, G. (Guohong), Jonas, J.B., Juel, K. (Knud), Kan, H. (Haidong), Kankindi, I. (Ida), Karam, V. (Vincent), Karch, F. (Francois), Karema, C.K. (Corine Kakizi), Kaul, A. (Anil), Kawakami, N. (Norito), Kazi, D.S. (Dhruv S), Kemp, A.H. (Andrew H), Kengne, A.P. (Andre Pascal), Keren, A. (Andre), Kereselidze, M. (Maia), Khader, Y.S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalifa, S.E.A.H. (Shams Eldin Ali Hassan), Khan, E.A. (Ejaz Ahmed), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Khonelidze, I. (Irma), Kinfu, Y. (Yohannes), Kinge, J.M. (Jonas M), Knibbs, L. (Luke), Kokubo, Y. (Yoshihiro), Kosen, S. (Soewarta), Defo, B.K. (Barthelemy Kuate), Kulkarni, V.S. (Veena S), Kulkarni, C. (Chanda), Kumar, K. (Kuldeep), Kumar, R.B. (Ravi B), Kumar, G.A. (G Anil), Kwan, G.F. (Gene F), Lai, T. (Taavi), Balaji, A.L. (Arjun Lakshmana), Lam, H. (Hilton), Lan, Q. (Qing), Lansingh, V.C. (Van C), Larson, H.J. (Heidi J), Larsson, A. (Anders), Lee, J.-T. (Jong-Tae), Leigh, P.N. (Nigel), Leinsalu, M. (Mall), Leung, R. (Ricky), Li, Y. (Yichong), Li, Y. (Yongmei), Lima, G.M.F. (Graça Maria Ferreira) de, Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lipshultz, S.E. (Steven), Liu, S. (Simin), Liu, Y. (Yang), Lloyd, B.K. (Belinda K), Lotufo, P.A. (Paulo A), Machado, V.M.P. (Vasco Manuel Pedro), Maclachlan, J.H. (Jennifer H), Magis-Rodriguez, C. (Carlos), Majdan, M. (Marek), Mapoma, C.C. (Christopher Chabila), Marcenes, W. (Wagner), Marzan, M.B. (Melvin Barrientos), Masci, J.R. (Joseph R), Mashal, R., Mason-Jones, A.J. (Amanda J), Mayosi, B.M. (Bongani), Mazorodze, T.T. (Tasara T), Mckay, M.J. (Michael), Meaney, M.J., Mehndiratta, M.M. (Man Mohan), Mejia-Rodriguez, F. (Fabiola), Melaku, Y.A. (Yohannes Adama), Memish, Z.A. (Ziad), Mendoza, W. (Walter), Miller, T.R. (Ted R), Mills, E.J. (Edward J), Mohammad, K.A. (Karzan Abdulmuhsin), Mokdad, A.H. (Ali H), Mola, G.L. (Glen Liddell), Monasta, L. (Lorenzo), Montico, M. (Marcella), Moore, A.R. (Ami R), Mori, R. (Riccardo), Moturi, W.N. (Wilkister Nyaora), Mukaigawara, M. (Mitsuru), Murthy, A.C. (Adeline C.), Naheed, A. (Aliya), Naidoo, K.S. (Kovin S), Naldi, L. (Lucia), Nangia, M. (Monika), Narayan, K.M.V. (Venkat), Nash, J.H.E. (John), Nejjari, C. (Chakib), Nelson, R.D. (Robert), Neupane, S.P. (Sudan Prasad), Newton, C. (Cameron), Ng, M. (Marie), Nisar, M.I. (Muhammad Imran), Nolte, S. (Sandra), Norheim, O.F. (Ole F), Nowaseb, V. (Vincent), Nyakarahuka, L. (Luke), Oh, I.-H. (In-Hwan), Ohkubo, T. (Takayoshi), Olusanya, B.O. (Bolajoko O), Omer, S.B. (Saad B), Opio, J.N. (John Nelson), Orisakwe, O.E. (Orish Ebere), Pandian, N.G. (Natesa), Papachristou, C., Caicedo, M.S. (Marco), Patten, J., Paul, V.K. (Vinod K), Pavlin, B.I. (Boris Igor), Pearce, N. (Neil), Pereira, D.M. (David M), Pervaiz, Z. (Zahid), Pesudovs, K. (Konrad), Petzold, M. (Max), Pourmalek, F. (Farshad), Qato, D. (Dima), Quezada, A.D. (Amado D), Quistberg, D.A. (D Alex), Rafay, A. (Anwar), Rahimi, K. (Kazem), Rahimi-Movaghar, V. (Vafa), Rahman, S.U. (Sajjad Ur), Raju, M. (Murugesan), Rana, S.M. (Saleem M), Razavi, H. (Homie), Reilly, R.Q. (Robert Quentin), Remuzzi, G. (Giuseppe), Richardus, J.H. (Jan Hendrik), Ronfani, L. (Luca), Roy, N. (Nadine) van, Sabin, M.L. (Miriam Lewis), Saeedi, M.Y. (Mohammad Yahya), Sahraian, M.A. (Mohammad Ali), Samonte, G.M.J. (Genesis May J), Sawhney, M.S. (Monika), Schneider, I.J.C. (Ione J C), Schwebel, D.C. (David C), Seedat, S. (Soraya), Sepanlou, S.G. (Sadaf G), Servan-Mori, E.E. (Edson E), Sheikhbahaei, S. (Sara), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shin, H.H. (Hwashin Hyun), Shiue, I. (Ivy), Shivakoti, R. (Rupak), Sigfusdottir, I.D. (Inga Dora), Silberberg, D.H. (Donald H), Silva, A.P. (Andrea P), Simard, J. (Jacques), Singh, J.A. (Jasvinder), Skirbekk, V. (Vegard), Sliwa, K. (Karen), Soneji, S. (Samir), Soshnikov, S.S. (Sergey S), Sreeramareddy, C.T. (Chandrashekhar T), Stathopoulou, V.K. (Vasiliki Kalliopi), Stroumpoulis, K. (Konstantinos), Swaminathan, S., Sykes, B.C. (Bryan), Tabb, K.M. (Karen M), Talongwa, R.T. (Roberto Tchio), Tenkorang, E.Y. (Eric Yeboah), Terkawi, A.S. (Abdullah Sulieman), Thomson, A.J. (Alan J), Thorne-Lyman, A.L. (Andrew L), Towbin, J.A. (Jeffrey A), Traebert, J. (Jefferson), Tran, B.X. (Bach X), Dimbuene, Z.T. (Zacharie Tsala), Tsilimbaris, M. (Miltiadis), Uchendu, U.S. (Uche S), Ukwaja, K.N. (Kingsley N), Vallely, S.R. (Stephen), Vasankari, T.J. (Tommi J), Venketasubramanian, N. (Narayanaswamy), Violante, F.S. (Francesco S), Vlassov, V.V. (Vasiliy Victorovich), Waller, P. (Patrick), Wallin, M.T. (Mitchell T), Wang, L. (Linhong), Wang, S.X., Wang, Y. (Yanping), Weichenthal, S. (Scott), Weiderpass, E. (Elisabete), Weintraub, R.G. (Robert G), Westerman, R. (Ronny), White, R.G. (Richard), Wilkinson, J.D. (James D), Williams, T.N. (Thomas Neil), Woldeyohannes, S.M. (Solomon Meseret), Wong, J.B. (John), Xu, G. (Gelin), Yang, Y.C. (Yang C), Yano, K.-I., Yip, P. (Paul), Yonemoto, N. (Naohiro), Yoon, S.-J. (Seok-Jun), Younis, M. (Mustafa), Yu, C. (Chuanhua), Jin, K.Y. (Kim Yun), El Sayed Zaki, M. (Maysaa), Zhao, Y. (Yong), Zheng, Y. (Yuhui), Balakrishnan, K. (Kalpana), Zhou, M. (Ming), Zhu, J. (Jun), Zou, X.N. (Xiao Nong), Lopez, A.D. (Alan D), and Vos, T. (Theo)

Abstract

__Abstract__ Background: The Millennium Declaration in 2000 brought special global attention to HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria through the formulation of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6. The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occured since the Millennium Declaration. Methods: To estimate incidence and mortality for HIV, we used the UNAIDS Spectrum model appropriately modified based on a systematic review of available studies of mortality with and without antiretroviral therapy (ART). For concentrated epidemics, we calibrated Spectrum models to fit vital registration data corrected for misclassification of HIV deaths. In generalised epidemics, we minimised a loss function to select epidemic curves most consistent with prevalence data and demographic data for all-cause mortality. We analysed counterfactual scenarios for HIV to assess years of life saved through prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and ART. For tuberculosis, we analysed vital registration and verbal autopsy data to estimate mortality using cause of death ensemble modelling. We analysed data for corrected case-notifications, expert opinions on the case-detection rate, prevalence surveys, and estimated cause-specific mortality using Bayesian meta-regression to generate consistent trends in all parameters. We analysed malaria mortality and incidence using an updated cause of death database, a systematic analysis of verbal autopsy validation studies for malaria, and recent studies (2010-13) of incidence, drug resistance, and coverage of insecticide-treated bednets. Findings: Globally in 2013, there were 1·8 million new HIV infections (95% uncertainty interval 1·7 million to 2·1 million), 29·2 million prevalent HIV cases (28·1 to 31·7), and 1·3 million HIV deaths (1·3 to 1·5). At the peak of the epidemic in 2005, HIV caused 1·7 mil

Published
2014
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5. Remodelling of the left ventricle in athlete's heart: a three dimensional echocardiographic and magnetic resonance imaging study

Author

De Castro, S., Pelliccia, A., Caselli, S., Di Angelantonio, E., Papetti, F., Cavarretta, E., Carbone, I., Francone, M., Passariello, R., Pandian, N.G., and Fedele, F.

Subjects
Athletes -- Physiological aspects, Athletes -- Training, Heart -- Research, Heart -- Physiological aspects, Echocardiography -- Usage, Magnetic resonance imaging -- Usage, Health
Published
2006

11. Case 48-1991

Author

Cabot, Richard C., primary, Scully, Robert E., additional, Mark, Eugene J., additional, McNeely, William F., additional, McNeely, Betty U., additional, Pandian, N.G., additional, and Southern, J.F., additional

Published
1991
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12. What Is the Best Approach for the Assessment of Left Atrial Size? Comparison of Various Unidimensional and Two-dimensional Parameters with Three-dimensional Echocardiographically Determined Left Atrial Volume

Author

Maddukuri, P.V., Vieira, M.L.C., DeCastro, S., Maron, M.S., Kuvin, J.T., Patel, A.R., and Pandian, N.G.

Abstract

Background: Left atrial (LA) size has prognostic importance in a variety of cardiac conditions. Diameters, area, or volume derived from 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiography (2DE) are commonly used to measure LA size, but involve numerous assumptions. This study examined the accuracy of these 2DE parameters compared to 3-dimensional echocardiographic LA volume (3DV). Methods: LA diameters, area, and volume measured from 2DE were correlated with 3DV in 118 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or without structural heart disease. Results: Diameter (anterior-posterior, superior-inferior, and medial-lateral) and 2DE area measurements had statistically significant, but modest, correlations with 3DV, and exhibited a large degree of scatter in comparison with 3DV. The 2DE-derived volume had an excellent correlation with 3DV, but consistently underestimated LA volume. Conclusion: The 2DE LA volume correlates better than other parameters with 3DV, but often results in underestimation. Thus, caution should be exercised when using unidimensional and 2D measurements of LA size.

Published
2006
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13. Doppler tissue imaging improves assessment of abnormal interventricular septal and posterior wall motion in constrictive pericarditis

Author

Sengupta, P.P., Mohan, J.C., Mehta, V., Arora, R., Khandheria, B.K., and Pandian, N.G.

Abstract

We hypothesized that Doppler tissue imaging in the short axis would provide enhanced quantitative information for differentiating the pattern and extent of abnormal septal and posterior wall motion in constrictive pericarditis (CP). Using quantitative pulsed wave and color M-mode Doppler tissue imaging, we quantified the pattern of abnormal septal and posterior wall motion and studied its incremental advantage over conventional M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography in 40 patients with surgically proven CP. The pattern and extent of abnormalities were compared with 35 age- and sex-matched control subjects and 20 patients with abnormal septal motion of other causes. In 33 patients (82.5%) with CP, the interventricular septum showed high-velocity (>7 cm/s) early diastolic biphasic motion with or without multiple recoil waves (polyphasic diastolic septal fluttering). In the posterior wall, the early diastolic wave was normal but the late diastolic wave was reduced in 24 patients (60%) and absent in 7 (17.5%). In comparison, M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography identified abnormal septal or posterior wall motion in 24 patients (60%) (P = .003). The pattern of abnormal septal motion in CP could be differentiated from abnormal septal motion of other causes in 16 patients (80%). The overall sensitivity and specificity of high-velocity polyphasic septal flutter for differentiating CP from control cases and other diseases was 82.5% and 92.7%, respectively. In CP, Doppler tissue imaging in the short axis provides unique diagnostic information and reliably differentiates CP from control cases and most other causes of abnormal septal motion.

Published
2005
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14. Flow Convergence Flow Rates from 3-Dimensional Reconstruction of Color Doppler Flow Maps for Computing Transvalvular Regurgitant Flows Without Geometric Assumptions: An In Vitro Quantitative Flow Study

Author

Li, X., Shiota, T., Delabays, A., Teien, D., Zhou, X., Sinclair, B., Pandian, N.G., and Sahn, D.J.

Abstract

Objective: This study was designed to develop and test a 3-dimensional method for direct measurement of flow convergence (FC) region surface area and for quantitating regurgitant flows with an in vitro flow system. Background: Quantitative methods for characterizing regurgitant flow events such as flow convergence with 2-dimensional color flow Doppler imaging systems have yielded variable results and may not be accurate enough to characterize those more complex spatial events. Method: Four differently shaped regurgitant orifices were studied: 3 flat orifices (circular, rectangular, triangular) and a nonflat one mimicking mitral valve prolapse (all 4 orifice areas = 0.24 cm^2) in a pulsatile flow model at 8 to 9 different regurgitant flow rates (10 to 50 mL/beat). An ultrasonic flow probe and meter were connected to the flow model to provide reference flow data. Video composite data from the color Doppler flow images of the FC were reconstructed after computer-controlled 180^o rotational acquisition was performed. FC surface area (S cm^2) was calculated directly without any geometric assumptions by measuring parallel sliced flow convergence arc lengths through the FC volume and multiplying each by the slice thickness (2.5 to 3.2 mm) over 5 to 8 slices and then adding them together. Peak regurgitant flow rate (milliliters per second) was calculated as the product of 3-dimensional determined S (cm^2) multiplied by the aliasing velocity (centimeters per second) used for color Doppler imaging. Results: For all of the 4 shaped orifices, there was an excellent relationship between actual peak flow rates and 3-dimensional FC-calculated flow rates with the direct measurement of the surface area of FC (r = 0.99, mean difference = -7.2 to -0.81 mL/s, % difference = -5% to 0%), whereas a hemielliptic method implemented with 3 axial measurements of the flow convergence zone from 2-dimensional planes underestimated actual flow rate by mean difference = -39.8 to -18.2 mL/s, % difference = -32% to -17% for any given orifice. Conclusions: Three-dimensional reconstruction of flow based on 2-dimensional color Doppler may add quantitative spatial information, especially for complex flow events. Direct measurement of 3-dimensional flow convergence surface areas may improve accuracy for estimation of the severity of valvular regurgitation. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999;12:1035-44.)

Published
1999
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15. Enhanced Visualization of Intravascular and Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus with the Use of a Thrombus-Targeting Ultrasonographic Contrast Agent (MRX-408A1): In Vivo Experimental Echocardiographic Studies

Author

Takeuchi, M., Ogunyankin, K., Pandian, N.G., McCreery, T.P., Sweitzer, R.H., Caldwell, V.E., Unger, E.C., Avelar, E., Sheahan, M., and Connolly, R.

Abstract

Echocardiographic evaluation for the recognition of intravascular and left atrial appendage thrombus remains a difficult problem. A thrombus-specific ultrasonographic contrast agent has the potential for an alternative approach for their delineation. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of thrombus-specific contrast agent MRX-408A1 for the detection of acute experimentally created intravascular and intracardiac thrombus. In the first study, we created inferior vena cava thrombus in 9 dogs. With the use of fundamental 2-dimensional echocardiography imaging, we recorded images of the inferior vena cava thrombus at baseline (n = 9), with the thrombus-specific contrast agent MRX-408A1 (n = 9), and with nonspecific contrast agent MRX-113 (n = 6). In the second study, we created a left atrial appendage thrombus in 8 dogs. We imaged left atrial appendage thrombus at baseline and during MRX-113 and MRX-408A1 infusion. Thrombus was successfully created in all dogs in study 1 and in 6 of 8 dogs in study 2. MRX-408A1 produced a visually apparent increase in ultrasonographic contrast enhancement of the thrombus in all cases in which thrombus was found on autopsy. In both studies, MRX-408A1 increased the videointensity of the thrombus significantly compared with baseline images and images obtained during MRX-113 infusion. The size of the visually detectable thrombus on the image was also significantly larger during MRX-408A1 infusion than at baseline and during MRX-113 infusion. These data provide in vivo demonstration of the efficacy of a thrombus-specific contrast agent, MRX-408A1, in the detection of acute intravascular and intracardiac thrombus. It has the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for the detection of acute thrombi at various cardiovascular sites in the clinical setting. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999;12:1015-21.)

Published
1999
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16. Perforated Aneurysms of Left Side Valves During Active Infective Endocarditis Complicating Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy.

Author

de Castro, S., Adorisio, R., Pelliccia, A., Papetti, F., Fedele, F., and Pandian, N.G.

Subjects
ANEURYSMS, INFECTIVE endocarditis, HYPERTROPHIC cardiomyopathy, AORTIC valve, HEMODYNAMICS, ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, DYSPNEA, TACHYARRHYTHMIAS
Abstract

The most frequent site of vegetative lesion in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is anterior mitral leaflet, due to chronic endocardial trauma arising from systolic anterior motion. We describe three cases of serious infective endocarditis complicated lesions (vegetation, aneurysm and perforation) on aortic and mitral valves, in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In particular, we observed how severe valvular damage and dysfunction, combined with particular hemodynamic conditions, are followed by adverse clinical outcome. We performed transthoracic echocardiogram and transoesophageal echocardiography studies to define morphologic and hemodynamic features of infection, deciding the proper therapy and we planned the echocardiographic follow-up. Copyright 2002 The European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002

17. Detection of partial anomalous right pulmonary venous return with an intact atrial septum by transesophageal echocardiography

Author

Miller, D.S., Schwartz, S.L., Geggel, R.J., Smith, J.J., Warner, K., and Pandian, N.G.

Abstract

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage with intact atrial septum is a rare congenital anomaly. We report a case of a 63-year-old woman who recently had dyspnea on minimal exertion and was found to have pulmonary hypertension, right atrial enlargement, and right ventricular enlargement by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated anomalous venous drain-age of the right lung into the superior vena cava with an intact interatrial septum. This diagnosis was confirmed by angiography and the patient underwent successful repair. This case illustrates the importance of locating all four pulmonary veins in patients with pulmonary hypertension or suspected intracardiac shunt in addition to scanning the atrial septum.

Published
1995
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18. Volumetric multiplexed transmission holography of the heart with echocardiographic data

Author

Vannan, M.A., Cao, Q.L., Pandian, N.G., Sugeng, L., Schwartz, S.L., and Dalton, M.N.

Abstract

Three-dimensional imaging enhances delineation of cardiac anatomy and function. Currently, three-dimensional echocardiography involves complex rendering techniques to imply depth in a given image. Also, display of the final images on a video monitor neutralizes the volume information of the object. A hologram is a true, three-dimensional replica of the original object and does not entail complex data processing. Holography has not been used previously in cardiovascular imaging. In this experiment, 11 excised mammalian whole hearts and five isolated left ventricles were imaged in a water bath. Parallel, tomographic, echocardiographic images comprised the data source from which holograms were obtained by the technique of multiplexed holography. Holograms were mounted on a holographic film and viewed in a special viewing box. High-quality holograms were obtained from every data set. Excellent gray-scale discrimination allowed crisp visualization of cardiac structures and simulated diseases. Electronic sectioning and various projections optimized viewing of the three-dimensional anatomy in surgical orientations. Thus holograms can be produced from tomographic cardiac ultrasound data and could open a new avenue in three-dimensional echocardiography.

Published
1995
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20. Valvular perforation in left-sided infective endocarditis: A prospective echocardiographic evaluation and clinical outcome

Author

De Castro, S., d'Amati, G., Cartoni, D., Venditti, M., Magni, G., Gallo, P., Beni, S., Fiorelli, M., Fedele, F., and Pandian, N.G.

Abstract

We undertook this study to determine the use of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in detecting valvular perforation and the clinical impact of the latter on the outcome of left-sided infective endocarditis. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 58 consecutive patients with infective endocarditis. According to the study protocol, a subgroup of 42 patients also underwent transesophageal echocardiography. At referral, 20 (34%) of 58 patients had echocardiographic evidence of valvular perforation (group A). No valvular perforations were found in the remaining 38 patients (group B). During a follow-up period of 27 +/- 16 months, a major complication occurred in 18 of 20 patients in group A and in 11 of 38 patients in group B (p < 0.0001). Univariate analysis indicated previous infective endocarditis, aortic involvement, and New York Heart Association functional class had a predictive value for valvular perforation (p < 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis confirmed aortic valve perforation as the only independent predictive variable for surgery and death. Valvular perforation is a common complication of infective endocarditis and is associated with an adverse outcome. Transthoracic echocardiography can detect or suggest valvular perforation in infective endocarditis, but transesophageal echocardiography better defines this complication and predicts severe heart failure or the need for early surgical management. (Am Heart J 1997;134:656-64.)

Published
1997
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21. Intracardiac echocardiography with a steerable low-frequency linear-array probe for left-sided heart imaging from the right side: Experimental studies

Author

Tardif, J.C., Cao, Q.L., Schwartz, S.L., and Pandian, N.G.

Abstract

Despite a need for intracardiac echocardiographic guidance during interventional procedures, an optimal catheter device is not available. The depth of field of catheters bearing 10 to 20 MHz transducers does not allow easy or complete visualization of the left side of the heart from the right side of the heart. Lower frequency transducers would be required to increase the depth of view of such rotational devices. These low-frequency transducers would require an expanded aperture and thus a larger catheter size. Other transducer modalities that could exploit the length of the imaging device rather than the circumference could potentially solve the problem of aperture size. To examine whether a linear-array transducer could provide adequate images of the left side of the heart from the venous side, we employed a prototype 7 MHz linear-array probe with a steerable tip inside eight animal hearts. Atrial and ventricular septal defects were created experimentally. The device was introduced into the right side of the heart through the inferior and superior vena cavae. Intracardiac imaging with this probe allowed visualization of the left side of the heart and major arteries from the right side with excellent image quality. By advancing the probe in various locations in the right side of the heart and using the steerability of this device, we were able to identify useful imaging planes for different cardiac structures. Atrial and ventricular septal defects were also detected easily and delineated clearly. The concept of a low-frequency (<8 mHz) linear-array probe for intracardiac echocardiography may represent another step toward ''whole-heart imaging'' from the venous side. Satisfactory visualization of the left side of the heart from the right side with catheters of reasonable size would increase the potential use of intracardiac echocardiography significantly in the clinical setting.

Published
1995
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22. Three-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of aortic disorders with rotational multiplanar imaging: Experimental and clinical studies

Author

Sugeng, L., Cao, Q.L., Delabays, A., Esakof, D., Marx, G., Vannan, M., Washburn, D., and Pandian, N.G.

Abstract

Transesophageal echocardiography has become a highly valuable method to assess aortic disorders. With this method, however, aortic disease has been visualized only in two-dimensional views. Advances in computer technology have introduced three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography as a developing modality in cardiac imaging. Previous efforts to obtain 3D reconstructions of the aorta, by various techniques, had limited clinical applicability. In this study we attempted to explore the feasibility and potential of 3D reconstructions of the aorta employing a widely used multiplane transesophageal imaging technique in an experimental setting and in patients. In the in vitro study, we created 35 lesions in 28 pig aortic trees (15 aortic dissections, five saccular aneurysms, five coarctations, five atheromas, and five clots within dissections). Suspending these specimens in a water bath, sequential two-dimensional images were acquired over a 180-degree rotation with a commercially available multiplane transesophageal probe and ultrasound system with a 3D software package. Data processing (digital reformation, interpolation, and segmentation) and 3D display were accomplished on an off-line computer system. 3D reconstructions were achieved and displayed in wire-frame, surface-rendered, and volume-rendered images. These 3D reconstructions corresponded well with the actual anatomic specimens in delineating the various pathologic findings. In patient studies, we collected a total of 36 studies in both adults and children with a mean age of 44.5 years (range 1 month to 82 years). In addition to normal aortas (n = 13), the spectrum of abnormalities studied included six atheromatous lesions, four aortic dissections, 10 coarctations, one aneurysm with a thrombus, and one dilated aortic root. We were able to accomplish volume-rendered 3D images depicting the aortic lesions in their true form that could be viewed in many different perspectives in all patients. We conclude that 3D echocardiography is able to display the aorta and aortic disease in a realistic manner. Although this modality still has limitations, further improvements in computer and ultrasound technology would strengthen 3D echocardiography as a clinically viable diagnostic tool, in the evaluation of aortic disorders. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1997;10:120-32.)

Published
1997
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23. Ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm simulating endocarditis

Author

Kuvin, J., Vannan, M., Corrodi, G., Warner, K., Bojar, R., and Pandian, N.G.

Abstract

A previously healthy, 31-year-old man was evaluated in the emergency department after being violently assaulted. A harsh, continuous murmur was noted on physical examination. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms were interpreted as showing a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with a shunt into the right atrium and a tricuspid valve vegetation. The patient was treated with antibiotics for presumed endocarditis. Subsequent echocardiographic and surgical evaluation showed no evidence of past or present endocarditis. Rather, the sinus of Valsalva aneurysm and rupture gave the appearance of a valvular mass. This report shows some of the potential pitfalls in the delineation of abnormalities related to sinus of Valsalva aneurysms and rupture. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1997;10:756-9.)

Published
1997
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