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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of magnetically treated water (ATM) with a stationary magnetic field on the yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) inoculated with three strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) infested with the nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. The investigation began in a soft brown soil without carbonate, in the "Campo Antena" Protected Cultivation Unit, belonging to "América Libre" Socialist State Enterprise; between November 2018 and February 2019. The inoculation of the microorganisms was carried out at the time of the transplant, in a proportion of 10% with respect to the volume of the root ball. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with 8 treatments and four replicas, with a control without AMF inoculation, a treatment without AMF inoculation and irrigation with magnetically treated water, 3 treatments with inoculation with Glomus cubense, Rhizophagus irregularis, Fummeliformis mosseae, and 3 treatments with the inoculation of these 3 AMF species combined with irrigation with magnetically treated water with an induction of 0.07 T. The data obtained were processed in the statistical package R Commander by means of a simple analysis of variance, applying Duncan's Test of mean multiple comparison for p= 5. The results obtained showed the efficiency of the treatments applied in tomato yield, highlighting the treatment with G. cubense and ATM, which yielded 112.9 t·ha-1 and provided greater protection to the plant against the nematode attack by reducing the galling index to 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The design of product mixing technologies in particular and of agricultural machines in general require the calculation of several parameters that manually become very cumbersome and sometimes the interpretations of the different variables to be evaluated are difficult. The objective of this work was to develop a Software for the determination of the design parameters of an endless type paddle mixer, in a professional Mathcad 2000 environment, for the production of feed as animal food, for which the manual of the mixer is presented. Username. The developed program allows the theoretical calculation and graphical evaluation of the pitch of the helicoid, the productivity of the mixer; helix diameter; maximum permissible value of mixer helicoid revolutions; power required by the mixer and the moment needed to overcome the resistance (Mo), during the pushing of the material to be mixed, as a function of the X coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pedagogical model was developed for the environmental training of professionals in the Campo Antena Protected Crops Unit, in a postgraduate training process. The limitations in the environmental treatment caused by the insufficiencies in the environmental training of the professionals, affects the performance in the agricultural professional exercise and the work of conservation and improvement of the quality of the environment. To respond to the insufficiencies in the environmental training of professionals, an Environmental Agricultural Pedagogical Model was built, as a theoretical contribution for the construction-training of environmental knowledge in agricultural professional practice, under a totalizing perspective, with an integrating and systematizing relationship, which allowed the transformations in the professionals in the business organization. The qualitative assessment of the Pedagogical Model was carried out, through the criteria of experts, which reveals the scientific level and relevance in the research and expresses the dialectical relationship between the Environmental Agricultural Cultural dimension and the Environmental Agricultural Professional Practice dimension, to enrich the didactic vision and pedagogical in the environmental training process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An educational environmental strategy was implemented for the environmental training of the professionals in the Unit of Protected Crops of Campo Antena, Santiago de Cuba. To the agricultural professionals was applied a diagnosis that made evident limitations in the environmental treatment and affectations in the acting of the agricultural works in the professional tasks. The application of the Educational Strategy spread out actions that permitted the formation-constructions of environmental knowledge and the transformations in the professionals, in a process of environmental formation in agricultural practices, with an inclusive and systematizing character, in order to achieve solutions to the environmental problems originated in the managerial organization. The analysis of the results in the investigation was carried out by means of the pedagogic pre-experiment and the statistical processing with the use of the Software SPSS version 21.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the research, an action plan was developed to increase the environmental training of hydro-energy professionals in Santiago de Cuba. The limitations of environmental treatment in the hydro-energy context, associated with an insufficient environmental culture, affect the performance of professionals in the work of conservation and improvement of the environmental quality. To respond to the insufficiencies of these professionals, actions were implemented that allowed the formation of environmental knowledge in the hydro-energy professional practice, through the practice of professional work, with an integrating and systematizing relationship. Statistical processing of the results was performed by means of non-parametric analyzes of related samples and T-test analysis for related samples, using the SPSS software version 21.0, to know the behavior of the estimated variables of the sample studied in the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researching proposes the elaboration of a formative strategy to raise the environmental formation of the professionals of hydro-energy in Santiago de Cuba. The limitations in the hydroenergetic environmental context, associated to the insufficient culture in these aspects, affect the performance of the duties of the professionals involved in the conservation and improvement of the quality of the environment in hydroenergy. The strategy must answer to the insufficiencies of the professionals by means of the increasing of environmental knowledge in hydroenergy, by means of the professional's work practices, under a wider focusing, with integration and systematization. A qualitative valuation of the strategy for the criterion of experts was made through the Delphi method and the analysis of the results was carried out by means of the statistical processing with the use of SPSS Software version 21.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería Agrícola is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones de Ingenieria Agricola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The researching was made in the Vigia's community located in the municipality Julio Antonio Mella of the province Santiago de Cuba. The objective of the work consisted on carrying out a study for the determination of physical-chemical parameters of the water, identification of species (Fauna and Vegetation) in areas of the vegetation of the community. The researching started with the identification of the species in the selected areas. Its samplings were executed with the transaction methods and later on, were analyzed the physical-chemical parameters of water in the process of power generation in the hydroelectric, according to the instructions for water supervising in the hydroelectric resorts and the identification of Cuban pattern. The results of the researching made allow the identification of 84 vegetation´s species and 33 fauna's species providing relevant information for reduction of environmental risk, future projections of reforesting and the rational profit of natural resources. Besides, the power generation doesn't change the physical-chemical water's parameters and allow its return to the environmental in its original condition, proper for the use and consummation of this precious resource in the locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingeniería Agrícola is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones de Ingenieria Agricola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingeniería Agrícola is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones de Ingenieria Agricola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the research was to compare the energy cost of the main mechanized farming operations, making emphasis in the tillage/sowing and to quantify its possible yield and savings using the system of no-till sow with covering, related to the conventional system, assuming that it is possible to reduce the energy costs in more than 10 %, in the operation of the agricultural machinery, in the cultivation of the bay bean Tuy, of the Company Riecitos of the Municipality Freites, Anzoátegui, Venezuela. It was used in the experimental design, a variance analysis for the determination of the existence of significant differences between the arithmetic population means of each variable and the applied treatments. For the determination of the energy and exploitation costs was used the program “Energy and Exploitation Costs (EEC)." In each experimental unit were studied apparent density, humidity and resistance of the soil, fuel consumption and energy cost. Te study concludes that there are no significant differences in the apparent density, humidity, resistance of the soil. In the studied depths, the physical-mechanical characteristics of the soils of the parcels don't interfere in the application of the treatments. The system with less energy cost, expenses of exploitation and consumption of fuel, was that of conservation. The technology used in the conservation system show a manpower saving, being invested less time (4 h•ha-1) of use of the machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the researches that is carried out in the Havana Agrarian University (UNAH), in the Agricultural Mechanization Center (CEMA), directed to the Conservation Agriculture development., the objective of the present work was to determine the energy cost of the main, mechanized, hand and animal traction agricultural operations in two soil preparation systems, to quantify its possible saving using the no tillage system, with relationship to the conventional system, leaving of the hypothesis that it is possible to economize energy using this system. The work was developed in the educational areas at the UNAH, Havana, Cuba, where the Agronomy Faculty Polygon is located, experimental designs were used at random in blocks to determine the energy cost and the agricultural indicative of the bean cultivation to different depths of soil preparation. The results of the research allowed to reach the following conclusions: the no tillage system has an energy cost of only 58,11% of the cost of the conventional system being possible to save 1 731,82 MJ · ha-1, equivalent to 36,23 liters of diesel fuel, for each worked hectare, not showing differs significant in the treatments to different depths of soil preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researches that is carried out in the Chapingo Autonomous University of Mexico, in the Agricultural Mechanical Engineering Department (DIMA) and in the Havana Agrarian University, in the Agricultural Mechanization Center (CEMA), directed to the fluid power development., they allowed to develop an automated system, elaborated in Microsoft ® Excel 2000 on Windows, in a book Performance Curves calculation denominated, the one that facilitates the theoretical and quick determination of the performance parameters of the hydraulic machines (bombs and motors). For this book the work optimum regimen of the hydraulic machine was determined, the relationships among the efficiency of the bomb and hydraulic motor and the isogonaly coefficient. The results of the work show that the curves of the total efficiencies of the bomb and the hydraulic motor have the maximum value for certain values of the isogonaly coefficient, assuring a quite high precision. Lastly the maximum values of efficiency of the hydraulic machine were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the researches that is carried out in the Chapingo Autonomous University of Mexico, in the Agricultural Mechanical Engineering Department (DIMA) and in the Havana Agrarian University, in the Agricultural Mechanization Center (CEMA), directed to the development of the fluid power, the properties and more important characteristics of a hydraulic oil (Elf Disal HD 4/40 PLUS) were evaluated in two different states, one totally new and the other one recovered by means of the filtrate after six months of use. The work was developed in the experimental field of the Chapingo Autonomous University. The methodology of the experience contemplated the use of four tractors of power and similar model, working under similar conditions in works of soil preparation. A factorial design was used totally at random with two factors, one with three levels and the other with two. In each experimental unit they were studied: viscosity, content of water in the oil, size and quantity of polluting particles. Significant differences were not appreciated in the oils, the viscosity increased from 60 to 63 cSt and the quantity of polluting particles was increasing during the analyzed period. The recovered oil showed the same susceptibility to the contamination that the new oil, likewise, the behavior of the viscosity and content of water was similar for both oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the researches that is carried out in the Chapingo Autonomous University of Mexico, in the Agricultural Mechanical Engineering Department (DIMA) and in the Havana Agrarian University, in the Agricultural Mechanization Center (CEMA), directed to the development of the fluid power. Three hydraulic gear pumps of 10, 32 and 50 cm³ displacements were evaluated with B multipurpose oil, in two different conditions, one totally new and the other one recovered by means of the filtrate after six months of use. The work was developed at CEMA Fluid Power laboratory. The methodology of the experience contemplated the use of an experimental installation with a test bank of hydraulic elements. A factorial design was used totally at random with 2 factors, one with three levels (10, 32 and 50 cm³ pump displacements) and another with new and recovered oils, repeating the process 4 times to different working hours, totaling 24 experimental units. In each experimental unit the flow, the power and the efficiency of the pumps were studied. The research results allowed to reach the following conclusions: there were not significant differences among the oils, the pumps fulfilled the technical characteristics presented by the maker satisfactorily. The volumetric efficiency in the three evaluated pumps was bigger than 90%. The half hydraulic power for pressure of 125 bar in the 10 cm³ displacement pump and nominal rotation frequency of 1 500 mn-1 was of 2,98 kW that is an appropriate value. For the 32 and 50 cm³ displacement pumps to 125 bar of pressure and nominal rotation frequency, the power stockings were respectively of 11,32 and 17,61 kW, being also these values appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to increase the use efficiency of energy inputs used in tropical agriculture, the objective of the present work was to determine the energy cost of the main agricultural mechanized operations in three systems of soil preparation, to quantify its possible saving using conservation systems, with relationship to the conventional system, leaving of the hypothesis that it is possible to economize energy using conservation till. The work was developed in the Farm Cooperative "VI Congreso» Municipality of Colón, Matanzas, Cuba. An experimental design was used mounted in divided parcels, where they combined three treatments A (till systems) and two treatments B (with covering and without covering) with four repetitions. In each experimental unit the density, humidity and temperature of the soil, yield of the corn, the consumption of fuel and the energy cost were studied. The results of research allowed to reach the following conclusions: the no till system has an energy cost of only 55,61% of the cost of the conventional system and the reduced till system reaches 85,77 %, being possible to save between 965,93 and 309,69 MJ⋅ha-1, equivalent to 20,21 and 6,48 liters of diesel fuel, for each worked hectare. The other results of the research indicate significant differences in the treatments with straw covering and without her. The biggest yield in the corn was obtained in the no till system with coveting of straw that reach values of 4,70 t⋅ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]