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This paper proposes a flight data-driven model to identify air traffic flow patterns based on multi-layer cluster analysis for identifying and characterizing traffic flow patterns in the airspace of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei multi-airport system. The spatial and temporal trends of flight data are mined to capture the air traffic flow characteristics, and the busyness of waypoints help air traffic managers to understand the reuse status of runways and airspace for capacity planning decision support in the complex airspace of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.

PURPOSE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic facilitated the rapid development of digital detection surveillance (DDS) for outbreaks. This qualitative study examined how DDS for infectious diseases (ID) was perceived and experienced by primary care physicians and patients in order to highlight ethical considerations for promoting patients' autonomy and health care rights. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposefully selected group of 16 primary care physicians and 24 of their patients. The group was reflective of a range of ages, educational attainment, and clinical experiences from urban areas in northern and southern China. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and translated. Two researchers coded data and organized it into themes. A third researcher reviewed 15% of the data and discussed findings with the other researchers to assure accuracy. RESULTS Five themes were identified: ambiguity around the need for informed consent with usage of DDS; importance of autonomous decision making; potential for discrimination against vulnerable users of DDS for ID; risk of social inequity and disparate care outcomes; and authoritarian institutions' responsibility for maintaining health data security. The adoption of DDS meant some patients would be reluctant to go to the hospital for fear of either being discriminated against or forced into quarantine. Certain groups (older people and children) were thought to be vulnerable to DDS misappropriation. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the paramount importance of establishing national and international ethical frameworks for DDS implementation. Frameworks should guide all aspects of ID surveillance, addressing privacy protection and health security, and underscored by principles of social equity and accountability. Key words: AI; artificial intelligence; disease outbreaks; disease surveillances; ethical issue, INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic re-exposed the weaknesses of the conventional infectious diseases (ID) reporting approach observed with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. (1) Multiple levels of reporting and [...]

Neural network potentials (NNPs) can greatly accelerate atomistic simulations relative to ab initio methods, allowing one to sample a broader range of structural outcomes and transformation pathways. In this work, we demonstrate an active sampling algorithm that trains an NNP that is able to produce microstructural evolutions with accuracy comparable to those obtained by density functional theory, exemplified during structure optimizations for a model Cu–Ni multilayer system. We then use the NNP, in conjunction with a perturbation scheme, to stochastically sample structural and energetic changes caused by shear-induced deformation, demonstrating the range of possible intermixing and vacancy migration pathways that can be obtained as a result of the speedups provided by the NNP. The code to implement our active learning strategy and NNP-driven stochastic shear simulations is openly available at https://github.com/pnnl/Active-Sampling-for-Atomistic-Potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in relative power between the rising and dominant state have been consistently recognized as a key contributor to international conflicts, as they can lead to convergence within both societies in threat perceptions of each other. In the case of China, a dominant view assumes that China's increased power leads to wide social support for nationalism, which unifies the Chinese threat perceptions of key rivals such as the US and Japan. Based on a large-scaled survey among China's elite youth, this study examines the relationship between their perception of China's power asymmetry and threat with respect to the US and Japan. The findings show that the dominant view has clearly overlooked the divergent voices within the youth, and they also challenge the common assumption that China's growing power has fostered a generation of youth with unanimous support for more assertive Chinese foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]