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609 results on '"Pannell, David J."'

11. Economic evaluation of alternative urban park designs that conserve irrigation water.

Author

Doll, Claire A., Pannell, David J., and Burton, Michael P.

Subjects
CLIMATE change adaptation, URBAN parks, PARK design, NATIVE plants, URBAN planning
Abstract

Increasing the area of drought‐tolerant native vegetation in urban parks is a potential strategy to adapt to growing water scarcity under climate change. With a case study in Perth, Australia, we undertake benefit–cost analyses to understand the potential impacts of modifying urban park landscape designs away from conventions dominated by watered grass towards alternatives with more native vegetation. Considering the costs of establishing and maintaining alternative designs alone, we find that local governments can save money by reducing the extent of watered grass cover in parks. Incorporating nonmarket benefits into the analyses provides evidence of positive community net benefits from making changes to conventional park designs. We show that an alternative park design featuring a mix of 60% native vegetation and 40% watered grass delivers the highest net benefits for both new park development and retrofits to existing parks. These findings suggest it is time to rethink urban park design norms in Australia to better align landscaping choices with community preferences under a changing climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Economic perspectives on nitrogen in farming systems: managing trade-offs between production, risk and the environment

Author

Pannell, David J.

Subjects
Nitrogen fertilizers -- Prices and rates -- Economic aspects -- Environmental aspects, Agriculture -- Prices and rates -- Economic aspects -- Environmental aspects, Soil nitrogen -- Environmental aspects, Agricultural industry, Earth sciences
Abstract

Economic insights are crucial for making sound decisions about farm-level management of nitrogen and also about regional or national policy such as for water pollution. In the present review, key insights are presented from a large and diverse literature on the economics of nitrogen in agriculture and the economics of the consequences of nitrogen fertilisation. Issues covered include (1) the economics of nitrogen as an input to production, (2) nitrogen and economic risk at the farm level, (3) the economics of nitrogen fixation by legumes, (4) the existence of flat payoff functions, which often allow wide flexibility in decisions about nitrogen fertiliser rates, (5) explanations for over-application of nitrogen fertilisers by some farmers, and (6) the economics of nitrogen pollution at both the farm level and the policy level. Economics helps to explain farmer behaviour and to design strategies and policies that are more beneficial and more likely to be adopted and successfully implemented. Additional keywords: economics, optimisation, policy, pollution, profit., Introduction The global challenge of feeding seven billion people would be more difficult without nitrogen fertiliser, but it causes pollution of rivers, lakes and coastal waters around the world, and [...]

Published
2017
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47. Reducing Water Pollution from Nitrogen Fertilizer: Revisiting Insights from Production Economics

Author

Chai, Yuan, Pannell, David J., and Pardey, Philip G.

Subjects
water pollution, flat payoff function, Risk and Uncertainty, optimal nitrogen rate, Environmental Economics and Policy, Crop Production/Industries, nitrogen fertilizer, production risk
Abstract

Nitrogen sourced from agricultural fertilizers is a major contributor to water pollution. Despite policies targeting a range of farming practice changes, the goal of substantially reducing nitrogen losses from farms remains elusive. We highlight three empirical results from production economics that appear to provide untapped opportunities for policies to reduce nitrogen rates. First, many farmers apply more nitrogen than required to maximize expected profits or utility. Second, contrary to the perceptions of some farmers and farm advisers, nitrogen fertilizer is a risk- increasing input. Third, over wide ranges of nitrogen fertilizer rates, the relationship between rate and profit is remarkably flat, meaning that farmers can reduce fertilizer usage substantially at minimal private cost. We discuss a variety of policy options for efficiently exploiting these insights.

Published
2022
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48. How green is green enough? Landscape preferences and water use in urban parks

Author

Doll, Claire A., Burton, Michael P., Pannell, David J., and Rollins, Curtis L.

Subjects
native vegetation, sustainable cities, urban park design, latent class analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, choice experiment, water use, Land Economics/Use
Abstract

With climate change, it is becoming more challenging for water-limited cities to sustain historic watering levels in urban parks, leading park managers to consider changes to park designs. But whether and to what extent the public value parks that deviate from conventional designs featuring large areas of irrigated lawn remains uncertain. We use a choice experiment to assess public preferences for different park groundcovers in Perth, Australia. With a scale-adjusted latent class model, we identify optimal groundcover compositions for four preference classes. We find that while having some watered grass in urban parks is important, the public are also accepting of non-irrigated alternatives. Incorporating at least 40% native vegetation cover can increase the utility the public derives from parks and conserve water. Park managers also have a degree of flexibility in designing parks that vary from the optimal groundcover composition but that still deliver near-optimal benefits to communities.

Published
2022
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