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Introduction: The present study aimed to compare the capability of two single-file shaping systems in disinfecting and cleaning long oval root canals. Materials and Methods: Fifty single-rooted teeth were prepared, contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into two groups. Two samplings were obtained; S1 before chemo-mechanical preparation and S2 after the preparation. Depending on the group, chemo-mechanical preparation was performed with XP-endo Shaper (XPS) and Wave One Gold (WOG). Five teeth from each group were observed under scanning electron microscopy (1000x) to evaluate the cleanliness of root canals at 3, 6 and 9 mm from the apex. All probability (P-values) were two-tailed, statistical significance was set at 0.05 and analyses were conducted using SPSS statistical software. Results: A significant reduction in the colony forming units was observed from S1 to S2 in both tested groups. In S2, XPS group obtained significantly lower colony forming units (P<0.001). In the cleanliness study, XPS group resulted in significantly cleaner canals compared to WOG. Conclusions: Based on this in vitro study XPS system was more effective in disinfecting and cleaning long oval canals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was presented at the ESE Congress 2009, Thursday 24th to Saturday 26th September,at the Edinburgh International Conference Centre, Edinburgh, UK.Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the anaesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) using 1.7 ml of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in reversibly and irreversibly inflamed mandibular molars.Materials and methods: Thirty-six adult patients diagnosed with reversible or irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular molar received 1.7 ml of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, using a conventional IANB. Following administration, teeth were tested with Endo-Ice® (1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane; Hygenic)at 5- and 10-minute intervals. The parameters to evaluate were onset of lip numbness, onset of pulpal anaesthesia and a painful or non-painful response during the procedure. Success was defined as none or mild pain upon cavity preparation or during access and instrumentation of the root canals. In case of failure, supplemental anaesthesia was administered. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test, data on time to lip anaesthesia were analysed through survival analysis techniques, and response to cold and pain during the procedure by two-way tables.Results: The pain was too severe to proceed in 5.3% of the reversible pulpitis group and 66.7% of the irreversible pulpitis group. The trend for more pain in the irreversible pulpitis group was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Pain during the procedure did not show any statistically significant association with response to cold at 5 minutes after IANB (P > 0.999) or time to onset of lip anaesthesia (P = 0.122).Conclusion: The IANB using 1.7 ml of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine is much more likely to be inefficient in patients presenting with irreversible pulpitis than in patients with reversible pulpitis.In addition, the absence of pulpal response to Endo-Ice does not guarantee pain-free root canal procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparison of the abilities of rotary versus reciprocating files to eliminate viable Enterococcus faecalis populations from the long oval root canals of extracted human teeth. Fifty teeth were contaminated and randomly distributed into two groups (n = 25 each): BT‐RaCe group and WaveOne group. Two microbial samples were obtained from each tooth before (S1) and after (S2) instrumentation. The CFUs from the S1 and S2 measurements were calculated and compared between the groups. Both groups showed significantly fewer CFUs in the S2 samples (P < 0.001). In the S2 intragroup comparison, BT‐RaCe resulted in significantly fewer CFUs than WaveOne (P = 0.010). In the direct comparison between the rotary multiple file shaping system and the reciprocating single‐file system, the multiple file system was more efficient at reducing the microbiological load of viable E. faecalis from long oval root canals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]