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The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano (Pacific Ocean) generated a cataclysmic explosion on 15 January 2022, triggering several atmospheric disturbances at a global scale, as a huge increase in the total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere, and a pressure wave travelling in the troposphere. We collected and analysed data over the Mediterranean to study these disturbances, and in particular, (i) data from the barometric and infrasonic stations installed on Italian active volcanoes by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) for investigating the tropospheric pressure waves; (ii) barometric data from the INGV-TROPOMAG and SIAS (Sicilian Agro-meteorological Information System) networks, for investigating the interaction between the orography and pressure waves; (iii) ionograms from the Advanced Ionospheric Sounder-INGV ionosonde at Gibilmanna (Sicily, Italy); (iv) data from the RING (Rete Italiana Integrata GNSS) network, to retrieve the ionospheric TEC; (v) soil CO2 flux data from the INGV surveillance network of Vulcano Island. The analysis of the ground-level barometric data highlights that pressure waves were reflected and diffracted by the topographic surface, creating a complex space–time dynamic of the atmospheric disturbances travelling over Sicily, driven by the interference among the different wavefronts. The ionograms show that a medium-scale travelling ionospheric disturbance (MSTID), with a horizontal wavelength of about 220 km and a period of about 35 min, propagated through the ionospheric plasma in the correspondence of the first barometric variations. Moreover, comparing detrended TEC and barometric data, we further confirmed the presence of the aforementioned MSTID together with its close relation to the tropospheric disturbance.

We reconstruct the composite dynamics of Mt. Vesuvius volcano in the period 2012–2019 from the study of ground deformation, seismicity, and geofluid (groundwater and fumarolic fluids) circulation and recognize complex spatio-temporal variations in these observables at medium (years) and short (months) time-scales. We interpret the observed patterns as the combined effect of structural changes affecting the volcanic edifice and variations of the dynamics of the hydrothermal system. In particular, we identify a change in the activity state of Mt. Vesuvius. After the activity reached minimum levels in 2014, the centroid of the surface manifestations migrated towards the SE. Episodic variations of co-seismic and aseismic deformation and fluid release, if analysed separately, would likely have been interpreted as pseudo-random oscillations of the background geophysical and geochemical signals. When organised in a comprehensive, multiparametric fashion, they shed light on the evolution of the volcano in 4D (x,y,z, time) space. These inferences play a crucial role in the formulation of civil protection scenarios for Mt. Vesuvius, a high risk, densely urbanized volcanic area which has never experienced unrest episodes in the modern era of instrumental volcanology.

Fumarolic fields, especially those with near-surface soil temperature  ∘C, are very common features of active or quiescent volcanoes, with both open or closed conduits. Their spatial extent, as well as the time variability of their temperature, are conditioned by three main factors: (1) Local hydro-meteorological conditions; (2) Vapor flow from the underlying volcanic-hydrothermal system; (3) Permeability variation induced by stress field changes and/or deposition dissolution cycles of hydrothermal alteration minerals. Once depurated from the exogenous noise, time variations of the thermal signal, in term of both short-lasting transients and medium/long term trends, reflect changes in the activity state of the related volcanic system, and/or of seismic activity, also of tectonic origin, affecting volcanoes. Theoretical models of heat transfer processes are discussed, highlighting how it is very difficult distinguish between conductive and convective mechanisms or calculating heat fluxes: as a consequence, thermal data from low temperature fumaroles should be used as qualitative proxies of volcano-tectonic phenomena acting on the monitored volcanoes. Following the description of the measuring systems and of the criteria for designing a performing network for thermal monitoring of fumaroles, some case histories from Italian volcanoes (Vulcano, Stromboli, Mt. Etna, Mt. Vesuvius) are presented, illustrating how in the last years the monitoring of low temperature fumaroles have given useful insights on the evolution of the activity state of these volcanoes.

Geogenic and anthropogenic sources of atmospheric particulate and CO2 can lead to threats to human health in volcanic areas. Although the volcanic CO2 hazard is a topic frequently debated in the related scientific literature, space and time distribution of PM2.5 are poorly known. The results of combined CO2/PM2.5 surveys, carried out at Salina, Stromboli, and Vulcano islands (Aeolian archipelago, Italy) in the years 2020–2021, and integrated with investigations on bioaccumulation of metallic particulate matter by the mean of data on the magnetic properties of oleander leaves, are presented in this work. The retrieved results indicate that no significant anthropogenic sources for both CO2 and PM2.5 are active in these islands, at the net of a minor contribution due to vehicular traffic. Conversely, increments in volcanic activity, as the unrest experienced by Vulcano island since the second half of 2021, pose serious threats to human health, due to the near-ground accumulation of CO2, and the presence of suspended micro-droplets of condensed hydrothermal vapor, fostering the diffusion of atmophile viruses, such as the COVID-19. Gas hazard conditions can be generated, not only by volcanic vents or fumarolic fields, but also by unconventional sources, such as the outgassing from shallow hydrothermal aquifers through drilled or hand-carved wells.

The re-mobilization of volcaniclastic material poses a hazard factor which, although it decreases with time since the last eruption, remains present in the hydrographic basins of volcanic areas. Herein, we present the results of the numerical modelling of erosive phenomena of volcanic deposits, as well as of flooding in the volcanic area. The proposed approach includes runoff estimation, land use analysis, and the application of hydraulic and erosion modelling. It exploits the Iber software, a widely used and validated model for rainfall-runoff, river flooding, and erosion and sediment transport modelling. The methodology was applied to the Island of Vulcano (Italy), known for the erosion phenomena that affect the slopes of one of its volcanic cones (La Fossa cone). The rainfall excess was calculated using a 19-year dataset of hourly precipitations, and the curve number expressed by the information on soil cover in the area, derived from the land cover and land use analysis. The erosion and flow models were performed considering different rainfall scenarios. Results show a particularly strong erosion, with thicknesses greater than 0.4 m. This is consistent with field observations, in particular with some detailed data collected both after intense events and by long-term observation. Results of the hydraulic simulations show that moderate and torrential rainfall scenarios can lead to flood levels between 0.2 and 0.6 m, which mostly affect the harbours located in the island’s inhabited area.

Mts. Simbruini karst aquifer feeds important springs whose capture contributes to the water supply of Rome City. To improve the geochemical characterization of this aquifer, we analyzed 36 groundwater samples, 29 from springs and 7 from shallow wells, collected in 1996 and 2019. Atomic adsorption spectroscopy, tritration, ionic chromatography and mass spectrometry were the used analytical methods. Ground waters are bicarbonate alkaline-earth type and HCO3 dominance confirms that the aquifer is hosted in carbonate rocks. Total alkalinity vs. cations plot indicates that CO2 driven weathering controls the water chemistry. The probability plots of HCO3, cations and Ca2+ +Mg2+ indicate four groundwater populations with the less represented one (9 samples) characterized by the highest PCO2 values (>0.3 atm). Most anomalous values of the dissolved PCO2 are from springs located near the center of the studied area. Four samples have negative values of d13CCO2 (about -22‰ vs. PDB), indicating its organic origin, but two other samples have positive values (1.6 and 2.6 ‰ vs. PDB), similar to those observed in the CO2 of deep origin discharged at the close Colli Albani volcano. Therefore, geochemical evidence indicates that the Mts. Simbruini aquifer is locally affected by the input of deep originated CO2, likely rising up along fractures, interacting with a recharge of meteoric origin, as evidenced by its d2H and d18O isotopic signatures.

In a volcanic area, the composition of air is influenced by the interaction between fluids generated from many different environments (magmatic, hydrothermal, meteoric, and marine). Any physical and chemical variation in one of these subsystems is able to modify the outgassing dynamic. The increase of natural gas hazard, related to the presence of unhealthy components in air, may depend on temporary changes both in the pressure and chemical gradients that generate transient fluxes of gases and can have many different causes. Sometimes, the content of unhealthy gases approaches unexpected limits, without clear warning. In this case, an altered composition of the air can be only revealed after accurate sampling procedures and laboratory analysis. The investigations presented here are a starting point to response to the demand for a new monitoring program in the touristic area of Baia di Levante at Vulcano Island (Aeolian archipelago, Italy). Three multiparametric geochemical surveys were carried in the touristic area of Baia di Levante at Vulcano Island (Aeolian archipelago, Italy) in 2011, 2014, and 2015. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are the main undesired components, usually present at the local scale. Anomalous CO2 and H2S outputs from soil and submarine bubbling vents were identified; the thermal anomaly of the ground was mapped; atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and H2S were measured in the air 30 cm above the ground surface. Atmospheric concentrations above the suggested limits for the wellbeing of human health were retrieved in open areas where tourists stay and where CO2 can accumulate under absence of wind.

Questa breve intervista prende in considerazione alcuni importanti aspetti dell'opera di Philippe Vilain, in particolare il contatto sociale e le forme dell'amore ai tempi del covid-19. This short interview takes into consideration some important aspects of Philippe Vilain's work, in particular the social contact and the forms of love at the time of covid-19. Ce bref entretien prend en considération certains aspects importants du travail de Philippe Vilain, en particulier le contact social et les formes de l'amour à l'époque du covid-19.

L’imperfezione dell’essere umano e delle sue costruzioni sociali è al centro della Comédie humaine. Il presente articolo intende esplorare questo aspetto della produzione letteraria di Balzac attraverso l’analisi de Les Employés (1845), in cui la mediocrità del mondo burocratico viene esaminata in dettaglio. Nel romanzo, la mediocrità vince sul merito, ma la rappresentazione dell’imperfezione trascende la dimensione puramente narrativa: Les Employés è un grande laboratorio in cui l’ibridazione tra genere romanzesco e genere teatrale interroga i limiti della creazione letteraria. The imperfection of the human being and his social constructions is at the heart of the Comédie humaine. This article intends to explore this aspect of Balzac's literary production through the analysis of Les Employés (1845), in which the mediocrity of the bureaucratic world is examined in detail. In the novel, mediocrity wins over merit, but the representation of imperfection transcends the purely narrative dimension: Les Employés is an experimental work in which the hybridization between the novel and the theatrical genre questions the limits of literary creation. L'imperfection de l'être humain et de ses constructions sociales est au cœur de la Comédie humaine. Cet article se propose d'explorer cet aspect de la production littéraire de Balzac à travers l'analyse des Employés (1845), où la médiocrité du monde bureaucratique est examinée en détail. Dans le roman, la médiocrité l'emporte sur le mérite, mais la représentation de l'imperfection transcende la dimension purement narrative: Les Employés est un grand laboratoire où l'hybridation entre roman et genre théâtral interroge les limites de la création littéraire.

TIME is an instrument being developed to study emission from faint objects in our universe using line intensity mapping (LIM) to understand the universe over cosmic time. The TIME instrument is a mm-wavelength grating spectrometer with Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers measuring in the frequency range of 200-300 GHz with 60 spectral pixels and 16 spatial pixels. TIME will measure [CII] emission from redshift 5 to 9 to probe the evolution of our universe during the epoch of reionization. TIME will also measure low-redshift CO fluctuations and map molecular gas in the epoch of peak cosmic star formation from redshift 0.5 to 2. This instrument and the emerging technique of LIM will provide complementary measurements to typical galaxy surveys and illuminate the history of our universe. TIME was recently installed on the 12m ALMA prototype antenna operated by the Arizona Radio Observatory on Kitt Peak for an engineering test and will return for science observations in 2020.

Groundwater from karst circulation systems of Central Italy were sampled and analyzed, in 2018, for delineating a preliminary, general geochemical framework of their relationship with neotectonics, in an area characterized by a frequent and often destructive seismicity. We determined field physical-chemical parameters, concentrations of main dissolved ions and gases and isotopic composition of water (d18O, dD) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (d13C TDIC). We discriminated between &ldquo, normal&rdquo, hydro-karst systems and multi-component aquifers, composed of meteoric groundwater that have also interacted with rocks of different lithological nature and/or deep fluids. These multicomponent aquifers are of potential interest in the monitoring of neotectonics activity, because changes in the stress field associated with the preparatory phase of an earthquake may affect the permeability of rocks, in turn causing variation of their chemical-isotopic character. The geographical distribution of these aquifers seems to be controlled by tectonics. In fact, the Olevano&ndash, Antrodoco&ndash, Sibillini thrust separates the more anomalous sites, located westwards of it, from the groundwater bodies at its eastern side, showing a more typical karst character.

The aim of this special issue of “Annals of Geophysics” is to follow the seismic thread that, starting with the Belice earthquake (14-15 January, 1968), crosses the recent history of our Country until the days of the 2016 Amatrice seismic sequence. We interpreted the Belice earthquake like the “zero event” for the developing of the connections between the Italian society and the seismic catastrophes, striking Italy in the post-war period. We considered the territory as a unit, made up of geographical, geological, social, historical and urban aspects, proposing nine papers with reflections and readings on these aspects. These reflections concern the geological and structural context in which the Belice earthquake occurred, such as the novelties proposed by the most recent research in geological, geophysical, geochemical and geodetic fields, but also themes and reflections on the impact that the earthquake has had on the Italian and Sicilian societies, on their housing and infrastructural contexts, on the history of our Country.

Vulcano, the southernmost island of the Aeolian Archipelago, has been characterized by an intense fumarolic activity since its last eruption from La Fossa cone (1888-1890). This island has a strong touristic vocation and frequentation, and here volcano-hydrothermal activity represents, at the same time, a landmark, one of the main causes of hydrogeological instability and a severe risk for human health. The space-time dynamic of this complex system is controlled by the mutual interactions among micro-meteorological, volcanic, tectonic, morphogenetic and anthropic processes.La Fossa cone is affected by intense water erosion phenomena, also controlled by fumarolic activity as an obstacle for the growth of vegetation and a weathering factor. Man-made structures, with particular reference to deep modifications in the natural stream network induced by buildings and roads, exert a strong influence on these erosion processes, also fostered by episodic wildfires.Another relevant theme is the acceleration of the coastal erosion processes in the Baia di levante area, driven by the circulation of chemically-aggressive hydrothermal fluids, which transforms the pristine volcanic minerals into phases like gypsum, anhydrite and clay minerals, significantly reducing the mechanical resistance of the rocks to the action of wave erosion. A general retreatment of the coastline (several meters in some locations) has been observed in the last twenty years, caused by the combined effect of volcanic activity, anthropic modifications and changes in sea level.

Questo studio si propone di analizzare il personaggio del marito nella novella "Point de lendemain" di Vivant Denon. A tal fine, prende in considerazione due concetti fondamentali: la supplenza del corpo, che nella novella si realizza attraverso un caminetto meraviglioso, e il discorso maritale, luogo della tradizione letteraria e, in particolare, rousseauiana. This study aims to analyse the character of the husband in Vivant Denon’s short novel "Point de lendemain". In order to do this, it takes in consideration two fundamental concepts: the substitution of the body, which in the novel is realized through a cabinet of delights, and the marital discourse issued from the literary tradition and from Rousseau in particular. Cette étude se propose d’analyser le personnage du mari dans la nouvelle "Point de lendemain" de Vivant Denon. Pour ce faire, elle prend appui sur deux concepts fondamentaux : la suppléance du corps, qui dans la nouvelle se réalise à travers un cabinet de délices, et le discours marital issu de la tradition littéraire et en particulier de Rousseau.

Sources of groundwater contaminants in inhabited areas, located in complex geo-tectonic contexts, are often deeply interlocked, thus, making the discrimination between anthropic and natural origins difficult. In this study, we investigate the Peloritani Mountain aquifers (Sicily, Italy), using the combination of probability plots with concentration contour maps to retrieve an overall view of the groundwater geo-chemistry with a special focus on the flux of heavy metals. In particular, we present a methodology for integrating spatial data with very different levels of precision, acquired before and during the “geomatic era”. Our results depict a complex geochemical layout driven by a geo-puzzle of rocks with very different lithological natures, hydraulically connected by a dense tectonic network that is also responsible for the mixing of deep hydrothermal fluids with the meteoric recharge. Moreover, a double source, geogenic or anthropogenic, was individuated for many chemicals delivered to groundwater bodies. The concentration contour maps, based on the different data groups identified by the probability plots, fit the coherency and congruency criteria with the distribution of both rock matrices and anthropogenic sources for chemicals, indicating the success of our geostatistical approach.

We have performed leaching experiments on the fine ( Our results place the first constraints on the mobilisation of toxic elements from volcanic ash, which are necessary to assess the associated potential health risk of volcanic areas.

Volcanoes emit fluids and solid particles into the atmosphere that modify the chemical composition of natural precipitation. We have investigated the geochemistry of Stromboli's rainfall during the period from November 2014 to March 2016 using a network of a new type of sampler specifically designed for operations on volcanic islands. We found that most of the chemical modifications are due to processes occurring after the storage of rainwater in the sampling bottles. These processes include dissolution of volcanogenic soluble salts encrusting volcanic ash and a variable contribution of sea spray aerosol. Our data showed noticeably less scatter than has previously been achieved with a different sampling system that was more open to the atmosphere. This demonstrates the improved efficacy of the new sampler design. The data showed that post-depositional chemical alteration of rain samples dominates over processes occurring during droplet formation ad precipitation. This has important implications for the calculation of fluxes of chemicals from rainfall in volcanic regions.

The Santa Ninfa Cave (SNC) develops in an outcrop of Messinian gypsum, located in the heart of the zone struck by the 1968 seismic sequence of the Belice valley. It is composed of different levels of sub-horizontal galleries, the lowest of which is characterized by perennial flowing water, running along the water table. From the hydrogeological point of view, it configures as an open circuit, both inflowing and outflowing from/to neighboring aquifers. The geochemical facies of groundwater collected in the SNC is compatible with a meteoric recharge chemically interacting with evaporitic deposits. The most relevant geochemical feature is the mixing between a small tributary of sulfur water with the main stream flowing in the lowest passage. The mixing between groundwater of different origin, flowing in aquifers with different permeability, can give rise to geochemical transients linked to seismogenic processes. Under this light, SNC could be of potential interest in the framework of a monitoring system of neo-tectonic activity in southwestern Sicily.

Line intensity mapping (LIM) provides a unique and powerful means to probe cosmic structures by measuring the aggregate line emission from all galaxies across redshift. The method is complementary to conventional galaxy redshift surveys that are object-based and demand exquisite point-source sensitivity. The Tomographic Ionized-carbon Mapping Experiment (TIME) will measure the star formation rate (SFR) during cosmic reionization by observing the redshifted [CII] 158$\mu$m line ($6 \lesssim z \lesssim 9$) in the LIM regime. TIME will simultaneously study the abundance of molecular gas during the era of peak star formation by observing the rotational CO lines emitted by galaxies at $0.5 \lesssim z \lesssim 2$. We present the modeling framework that predicts the constraining power of TIME on a number of observables, including the line luminosity function, and the auto- and cross-correlation power spectra, including synergies with external galaxy tracers. Based on an optimized survey strategy and fiducial model parameters informed by existing observations, we forecast constraints on physical quantities relevant to reionization and galaxy evolution, such as the escape fraction of ionizing photons during reionization, the faint-end slope of the galaxy luminosity function at high redshift, and the cosmic molecular gas density at cosmic noon. We discuss how these constraints can advance our understanding of cosmological galaxy evolution at the two distinct cosmic epochs for TIME, starting in 2021, and how they could be improved in future phases of the experiment., Comment: 30 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

A partire da un corpus di dizionari monolingui francesi pubblicati tra il 1606 e il 1704, questo articolo si propone di estrarre l'idea di Sicilia dalle voci ad essa dedicate. L'articolo cerca altresì di mostrare che alcuni stereotipi riguardanti la Sicilia sono già saldamente istituiti nel Seicento e che questo territorio geografico è prevalentemente pensato attraverso il ricorso alla mitologia e al patrimonio culturale greco-latino. From a corpus of French monolingual dictionaries published between 1606 and 1704, this article proposes to extract the idea of ​​Sicily from the entries devoted to it. This article also seeks to show that certain stereotypes concerning Sicily are already firmly established in the seventeenth century and that this geographical territory is thought mainly through the use of mythology and the Greek-Latin cultural heritage. A partir d'un corpus constitué de dictionnaires monolingues français publiés entre 1606 et 1704, cet article se propose de dégager l'idée de Sicile à partir des entrées qui lui sont consacrées. Cet article s'attache par ailleurs à montrer que certains stéréotypes concernant la Sicile sont déjà solidement établis au XVIIe siècle et que ce territoire géographique est pensé surtout à travers le recours la mythologie et à l'héritage culturel greco-latin.

L’architettura è senza dubbio uno degli assi fondamentali attorno al quale si dispiega l’immaginario di Julien Green, la cui opera è ricca di dimore, castelli, camere, biblioteche, spazi urbani. Attraverso l’analisi di tre romanzi (Mont-Cinère, Adrienne Mesurat, Minuit), l’articolo si propone di mostrare, per mezzo del riferimento metodologico ai Séminaires e agli Écrits di Lacan, che gli spazi architettonici rappresentati assumono nello scrittore una dimensione trascendente che realizza lo slittamento dagli spazi reali alla topologia soggettiva dei personaggi. Architecture is undeniably one of the fundamental axes around which the imagery of Julien Green unfolds, whose work is full of houses, castles, rooms, libraries, urban spaces. Through the analysis of three novels (Mont-Cinère, Adrienne Mesurat, Minuit), the article aims to show, through the methodological reference to the Séminaires and the Écrits of Lacan, that the architectural spaces represented assume a transcendent dimension, which realizes the shift from the real spaces to the subjective topology of the characters. L’architecture est incontestablement un des axes fondamentaux autour desquels se déploie l’imaginaire de Julien Green, dont l’œuvre romanesque fourmille de demeures, châteaux, chambres, bibliothèques, espaces urbains. A travers l’analyse de trois romans (Mont-Cinère, Adrienne Mesurat, Minuit), l’article s’attache à montrer, par la référence méthodologique aux Séminaires et aux Écrits de Lacan, que les architectures représentées assument chez Green une dimension transcendante qui réalise le glissement des espaces réels à la topologie subjective des personnages.

Changes in the activity state of a volcano can be inferred by monitoring the steam flux from fumarolic fields, in terms of 4D (x, y, z, time) variations in temperature and extension of the zone. During the last decades, several studies in this field have been conducted worldwide, and at Vulcano island (Italy) in particular. Both direct and remotely sensed measurements have been used for identifying thermally anomalous areas, but the possible role of the hydrothermal alteration of volcanic products, producing a sealing effect that obscures the surface thermal evidence of fumarolic activity, have never been explored. The novelty of the present study, carried out at La Fossa cone (Vulcano Island), was the integration of direct and remotely sensed temperature measurements with the evaluation of soil permeability, for the precise mapping of areas where shallow hydrothermal circulation could occur even in the absence of surface evidence. The main results of this study concern the role of a coating found on rock surfaces and regolith in introducing mapping errors, especially during diachronic temperature surveys based on remotely sensed measurements.

Although groundwater is a strategic source in volcanic islands, most hydrogeochemical research on this topic has been focused on volcanic activity monitoring, overlooking general hydrogeological aspects. The same applies to one of the most studied volcanoes in the world, Stromboli Island (Italy). Here, we provide a hydrogeological scheme of its coastal aquifer, retrieving inferences about its potential use as a water supply source and for optimizing monitoring protocols for volcanic surveillance. Starting from the hydrogeochemical literature background, we analyzed new data, acquired both for volcano monitoring purposes and during specific surveys. Among these, there were saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements of selected rock samples and precise determinations of water table elevations based on GNSS surveys of wells. We identified a ubiquitous thin lens of brackish water floating on seawater and composed of a variable mixing of marine and meteoric components, inlets of hydrothermal fluids to the aquifer are basically gases, mainly CO2. Based on its hydrogeochemical character, the coastal aquifer of Stromboli could be used as a water supply source after desalinization by reverse osmosis, while the wells located far from the seashore are the most interesting for volcano monitoring, because they are less disturbed by the shallow geochemical noise.

Several shallow landslides occurred at La Fossa cone (Vulcano Island, Aeolian Archipelago, Italy) in the last 30 years, during both unrests and periods of quiet volcanic activity. The main event occurred in 1988, during a volcanic unrest, when a landslide collapsed into the sea from the NE flank of La Fossa cone, producing a small tsunami. Hydrothermal activity has been suggested as a potential trigger for landslide generation in this area. However, no specific investigations were carried out to test this hypothesis. With the aim of filling this gap, we studied the mineralogy and hydraulic conductivity of La Fossa cone deposits, the relationships between shallow hydrothermal circulation and rainfall dynamics and their role in triggering slope failures. We also measured rainfall rate, volumetric soil moisture content and soil suction at two automated stations installed in areas with and without active hydrothermal circulation. We found that hydrothermally altered low-conductivity materials show higher background water contents and lower soil suctions than pristine deposits, and their water content is modulated by impulsive increments following rainfalls. This behaviour is due to the combination of lower permeability and direct condensation of hydrothermal vapour. We conclude that shallow hydrothermal circulation produces conditions for slope failures following transients in soil moisture content caused by rainfall infiltration. These considerations allow to identify the areas immediately NW and SE of the 1988 landslide as the most prone to future mass movements.

We collected and analysed 58 samples of groundwater from wells in the Barcellona-Milazzo Plain, one of the most important coastal aquifers of Sicily (Italy), to determine major, minor, and trace element concentrations. In this area, geogenic and anthropogenic sources of heavy metals and other pollutants co-act, making the individuation of the main pollution sources difficult. Our work was aimed at the application of geostatistical criteria for discriminating between these pollution sources. We used probability plots for separating anomalous values from background concentrations, which were plotted on maps and related to possible sources of pollutants. Our results indicate that hydrothermal fluid circulation and the water&ndash, rock interaction of country rocks that host mineralized ore deposits generate a significant flux of heavy metals to groundwater, as well as anthropogenic sources like intense agriculture and industrial activities. In particular, NO3, F, and Ni exceed the Maximum Admitted Concentrations (MACs) established by the WHO and Italian legislation for drinking-water. The spatial distributions of geogenic and anthropogenic sources were so deeply interlocked that their separation was not easy, also employing geostatistical tools. This complex scenario makes the implementation of human health risk mitigation actions difficult, since the flow of pollutants is in many cases controlled by simple water&ndash, rock interaction processes.

The volcano-tectonic seismicity occurring at Campi Flegrei caldera during its present unrest phase, started in 2005, is distributed into time-clustered events emerging from a background composed of earthquakes with higher inter-arrival times. Here, we show that clustered seismicity is cyclically recurrent at time scales from semidiurnal to annual, matching tidal and hydrological periodicities. These results suggest that volcano-tectonic seismicity at Campi Flegrei caldera is driven by both variations in the deep magmatic feeding system and exogenous phenomena, as rainfall or global inflation/deflation cycles of the Earth’s crust, controlled by the lunisolar interaction. Consequently, the role of exogenous triggers in the evolution of the present unrest phase should be properly considered in the elaboration of volcanic risk scenarios, presently limited to the study of surface indicators of deep phenomena.

Nel 1908, Anna de Noailles intraprende un giro della Sicilia che suscita in lei vive emozioni. Palermo è la fonte privilegiata della sua profusione poetica, a tal punto che dodici delle poesie sulla Sicilia, parte della sezione Les Climats e della raccolta Les Vivants et le Morts (1913), quattro hanno come tema Palermo e altre tre fanno del capoluogo siciliano la tela di fondo. Palermo serve inoltre da sfondo a una bozza di romanzo, Octave. L'incanto iniziale si trasforma tuttavia pian piano in un disincanto che serpeggia in tutti suoi componimenti e che è traccia di una più profonda angoscia esistenziale. In 1908 Anna de Noailles starts a tour of Sicily that triggers her real emotions. Palermo is the primary source of her poetic inspiration to such an extent that out of the twelve poems about Sicily, included in the section Les Climats of the collection Les Vivants et les Morts (1913), four are dedicated to Palermo whereas in the other three there are some references to this town, which backgrounds the draft of her novel, Octave. However, disenchant, which emerges from her poems and which indicates a deeper existential anxiety, increasingly takes the place of the initial charm. Anna de Noailles entreprend en 1908 un voyage en Sicile qui suscite en elle de vives émotions. Palerme est la source privilégiée de son épanchement poétique, si bien que des douze poèmes sur la Sicile insérés dans la section Les Climats du recueil Les Vivants et le Morts (1913) quatre sont dédiés en effet à Palerme et trois autres évoquent cette ville qui sert aussi de décor à une ébauche de roman, Octave. La féerie initiale se transforme toutefois peu à peu en désenchantement, qui sourd dans toutes ses compositions et qui est la trace d’une plus profonde angoisse existentielle.

L'articolo si propone di sondare l'influenza del Dictionnaire de l'Académie française sulla lessicografia bilingue franco-italiana in un arco cronologico compreso tra il 1871 e il 2000. In particolare, si passano in rassegna le prefazioni dei principali dizionari bilingui pubblicati nel periodo considerato, al fine di valutare se il Dictionnaire de l'Académie venga citato tra le fonti e qual uso il lessicografo intenda farne. The article aims to explore the influence of the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française on French-Italian bilingual lexicography in a chronological arc between 1871 and 2000. In particular, the prefaces of the main bilingual dictionaries published in the period considered, in order to assess whether the Dictionnaire de l'Académie is mentioned among the sources and what use the lexicographer intends to make of it. L'article se propose d'explorer l'influence du Dictionnaire de l'Académie française sur la lexicographie bilingue français-italien dans un arc chronologique compris entre 1871 et 2000. En particulier, il examine les préfaces des principaux dictionnaires bilingues publiés dans période considérée, afin de déterminer si le Dictionnaire de l'Académie est cité parmi les sources et quel usage le lexicographe envisage d'en faire.

Questo articolo intende applicare gli strumenti teorici della psicoanalisi lacaniana allo studio del romanzo autofinzionale. Si tratta, per un verso, di operare una lettura del romanzo "L'étreinte" di Philippe Vilain al livello del significante; per un altro, di cogliere le implicazioni del Simbolico in vari romanzi dello scrittore omosessuale marocchino Rachid O. L'articolo intende inoltre formulare una riflessione sul valore della critica letteraria per Jacques Lacan e sul come tale critica debba concepirsi nella logica dell'oltre-Edipo. This article aims to apply the theoretical tools of Lacanian psychoanalysis to the study of the self-fictional novel. On the one hand, it is a matter of making a reading of the novel "L'étreinte" by Philippe Vilain at the level of the signifier; for another, to grasp the implications of the Symbolic in various novels by Moroccan homosexual writer Rachid O. The article also intends to formulate a reflection on the value of literary criticism for Jacques Lacan and on how such criticism should be conceived in the logic of the post-Oedipus. Cet article se propose d'appliquer les outils théoriques fournis par la psychanalyse lacanienne à l'étude du roman autofictionnel. Il s'agit, premièrement, de faire une lecture du roman "L'étreinte" de Philippe Vilain au niveau du signifiant; puis, de saisir les implications du Symbolique dans divers romans de l'écrivain homosexuel marocain Rachid O. L'article vise également à formuler une réflexion sur la valeur de la critique littéraire pour Jacques Lacan et sur la manière dont cette critique devrait être conçue dans la logique de l'outre-Œdipe .

Il Dictionnaire de Littérature di Sabatier de Castres (1770) è considerata la prima opera ad aver fatto uso del sintagma "dizionario di letteratura". L'aspetto innovativo di questo lavoro è tuttavia alquanto limitato a causa della sua vocazione didattica, che lo accomuna a un altro dizionario di Sabatier: il Dictionnaire des Passions, des Vertus et des Vices (1769). Esamineremo il modo in cui esso resta tuttavia un'interessante testimonianza del movimento enciclopedico nel quale finì per inserirsi. The Dictionnaire de Littérature of Sabatier de Castres (1770) is considered the first work to have made use of the syntagm "dictionary of literature". The innovative aspect of this works is, however, rather limited because of its didascalic intent, a trait reminiscent of another of Sabatier's dictionaries: the Dictionnaire des Passions, des Vertus et des Vices (1769). We will examine how it remains nevertheless an interesting example of the encyclopedic movement wherein it was ultimately classified. Le Dictionnaire de Littérature de Sabatier de Castres (1770) est considéré le premier ouvrage à avoir fait usage du syntagme "dictionnaire de littérature". L'aspect novateur de cette oeuvre est toutefois assez limité à cause de sa vocation didactique, qui l'apparente à un autre dictionnaire de Sabatier: le Dictionnaire des Passions, des Vertus et des Vices (1769). Nous examinerons la façon dont il reste néanmoins un intéressant témoignage de la mouvance encyclopédique dans laquelle il finit par s'insérer.

Specchio di Venere is a peculiar, ambient temperature, geothermal, alkaline lake, with lake water oversaturated in carbonate phase where siliceous stromatolites actively grow despite the undersaturation of silica phases. The most of the main sedimentary structures of this lake have been investigated in recent years, with the exception of the carbonate bank running along the south-western margin of the lake, which is the object of this study. Here we report on the mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of the carbonate bank, based on the study of two cores taken in the area mostly affected by the circulation of fluids of different origin. The ultimate results of our study suggest that silica gel deposits form inside the carbonate bank, following an Alkali-Silica Reaction. These new findings complete the general overview on the sedimentary processes acting in a Lake Specchio di Venere, whose origin is sometimes chemico-physical and sometimes strongly conditioned by microbial activity.

Many lakes have been the object of hydraulic works in historical times, and the drainage tunnel carved by Romans for regulating the level of Lake Albano (Central Italy) can be considered as one of the most important historical hydraulic tunnels in the world. We sampled and analysed lake water, as well as groundwater samples from the Lake Albano emissary and another hydraulic work in the area (Ninfeo), which were analysed for their geochemical and isotopic composition in order to extract useful information for a possible reuse of the tunnel for anthropogenic purposes. The collected water samples exhibit common chemical features, typical of water–rock interaction processes in volcanic areas. Analyses of minor and trace elements confirmed the abovementioned results, indicating the presence of an atmospheric pollution source for heavy metals, although their concentrations are mostly below the Maximum Admitted Concentrations for drinking water issued by the World Health Organization. The chemical composition of dissolved gases indicated that both lake and groundwater are mainly enriched in CO2. Isotopic analyses suggested a clear volcanic origin for CO2 dissolved in lake water, while carbon dioxide in groundwater from the Roman emissary is produced by soil respiration. As further confirmed by Oxygen and Deuterium isotopic composition, the Roman emissary drains local suspended aquifers neither in contact with the lake water body nor influenced by volcanic activity, suggesting the opportunity to use the tunnel as a “zero-condition” monitoring site for individuating a possible future renewal of volcanic activity.

I romanzi dello scrittore marocchino d'espressione francese Abdellah Taïa esaminano con attenzione la maschilità nel contesto migratorio. Omosessuale ed esiliato, Taïa cerca di costruire la sua identità sessuale secondo il modello occidentale; così facendo, contribuisce alla creazione di una maschilità islamica transnazionale che si decentra, pur restando ancorata all'eredità culturale delle sue terre d'origine. L'articolo si propone di interrogare le modalità di tale costruzione identitaria a partire dagli studi di Connell sulla maschilità egemonica e dalla psicoanalisi lacaniana applicata alla dimensione immaginaria del corpo. The novels of the French Moroccan writer Abdellah Taïa examine carefully the masculinity in the migratory context. Homosexual and exiled, Taïa tries to build his sexual identity according to the Western model; in so doing, it contributes to the creation of a transnational Islamic masculinity that is decentered, while remaining rooted to the cultural heritage of its lands of origin. This article aims to examine the modalities of identity constructions from Connell's studies on hegemonic masculinity and Lacanian psychoanalysis applied to the imaginary dimension of the body. Les romans de l’écrivain marocain d’expression française Abdellah Taïa portent un regard attentif à la masculinité en contexte de déplacement. Homosexuel et émigré, Taïa cherche à bâtir son identité sexuelle sur le modèle occidental ; ce faisant, il contribue à la création d’une masculinité islamique transnationale qui se décentre tout en restant ancré à l’héritage culturel de ses terres d’origines. Cet article se propose d'interroger les modalités de constructions identitaires à partir des études de Connell sur la masculinité hégémonique et de la psychanalyse lacanienne appliquée à la dimension imaginaire du corps.

Le autofinzioni di Philippe Vilain si distinguono per una meticolosa ricerca stilistica e una pratica di riscrittura supposta mettere a nudo la pelle dello scrittore. La scrittura della carne è particolarmente influenzata da tale ricerca: ciò che la sostiene non è tanto ciò cui lo specchio scritturale ci rimanda, bensì ciò che è nascosto nell'implicito dei ricordi in cui i pezzi del godimento si embricano in pezzi di linguaggio. Questo articolo si propone di analizzare la posta in gioco della scrittura autofinzionale di Philippe Vilain nei suoi principali romanzi attraverso la topologia psicoanalitica di Lacan. Philippe Vilain's autofictions are distinguished by a meticulous stylistic research and a rewriting practice supposed to strip the writer's skin. The writing of the flesh is particularly influenced by this research: it is sustained not only by what the scriptural mirror reminds us of, but also by what is hidden in the implicit of memories in which the pieces of “jouissance” are embedded in pieces of language. This article aims to analyze the stake of Philippe Vilain's autofictional writing in his main novels through Lacan's psychoanalytic topology. Les autofictions de Philippe Vilain se distinguent par une recherche stylistique minutieuse et une pratique de la réécriture qui est censée revêtir la peau de l’écrivain mis à nu. L’écriture de la chair se révèle tout particulièrement concernée par cette recherche : ce qui la soutient n’est pas tant ce que le miroir scriptural nous renvoie, mais ce qui se niche dans l’implicite des souvenirs où les morceaux de jouissance s’imbriquent dans des morceaux de langue. Cet article se propose d’analyser les enjeux de la chair dans l’écriture autofictionnelle de Philippe Vilain dans ses principaux romans par le biais de la topologie psychanalytique de Lacan.