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από το λιτά αποδοσμένο ψάρι στην πρύμνη των κυκλαδίτικων πλοίων ως τις «μπαρόκ» συνθέ- σεις του 17ου - 18ου αιώνα και τα ξυλόγλυπτα των νεότερων χρόνων, το ακρόπρωρο, συνδέεται, σταθερά μέσα στον χρόνο, με πλήθος μαγικοθρησκευτικών δοξασιών. στο ίδιο μήκος κύματος, η παρουσία του οφθαλμού στην πλώρη, φαίνεται πως δεν έχει απλώς διακοσμητικό χαρακτήρα, καθώς οι μαγικές και αποτρόπαιες ιδιότητες του ματιού είναι γνωστές. Ζωόμορφα διαμορφω- μένες εμβληματικές πλώρες και πρύμνες και γραπτοί οφθαλμοί φαίνεται πως συνδέονται με τις υπερφυσικές και μαγικές ιδιότητες των πλοίων διαχρονικά, απηχώντας δοξασίες και πίστεις που οι απαρχές τους χάνονται στα βάθη της προϊστορίας και είναι συνυφασμένες με την «εμψύχωση» των πλεούμενων, τα οποία αντιμετωπίζονται ως ζωντανοί οργανισμοί με τη δική τους βιογραφία. στο άρθρο επιχειρείται η ανίχνευση των παραπάνω παραμέτρων στους πολιτισμούς του αιγαίου της εποχής του Χαλκού και προπάντων της Μινωικής κρήτης. From the simply designed fish at the stern of Cycladic ships to the majestic “baroque” compositions of the 17th - 18th century and the wood carvings of modern times, the prow is connected, firmly in time, with a multitude of magical religious beliefs. At the same time, the presence of the oculus in the bow does not seem to have a purely decorative character, as the magical and abominable properties of the eye are known. Animal-shaped emblematic bows and sterns as well as written oculi seem to be associated with the supernatural and magical properties of ships over time, echoing beliefs whose origins are lost in the depths of time and are intertwined with the “animation” of the ship as a living organism with its own biography. The article attempts to detect the above parameters in the cultures of the Aegean Bronze Age and especially in Minoan Crete.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) rearrangement, constitutes about 5% of all AML cases and is characterized by the presence of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion gene. Although this subtype, referred as CBF leukemia, belongs to the favorable cytogenetic risk group, 25% to 30% of the patients relapse. Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) is of major importance since it evaluates the “depth” of the remission and therefore, risk adapted therapy based on early detection of relapse becomes feasible. RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion gene could be used for MRD detection using RQ-PCR. Within this work, a sensitive, specific and easy to perform, calibrator normalized relative quantification with external standards assay for RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcript levels, was established and has consequently been integrated in the routine diagnostic work-up of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 positive patients. ABL1 was used as a reference gene and cDNA of the Kasumi-1 cell line as a calibrator. Relative quantification was performed by calculating the RUNX1-RUNX1T1/ ABL1 ratio, which was further normalized to the RUNX1-RUNX1T1/ABL1 expression ratio of Kasumi-1 calibrator. Maximum sensitivity of the assays for both target and reference gene, was higher than 10-4 (5x10-4). The sensitivity of 5x10-4 was also confirmed using cDNA dilutions from Kasumi-1 cell line as well as dilutions of patients’ cDNA. The specificity of the assay was determined when RUNX1-RUNX1T1 negative patients were tested; along with cDNA from negative cell lines and no amplification was observed. 184 samples from 39 patients, were quantified in order to assess the clinical usefulness of the assay. Transcript levels in 12 patients were measured on day 16 and were correlated to the clinical outcome. Moreover in 20 patients, comparison of the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 ratios at diagnosis and before consolidation revealed a 3 log10 decrease, which was also correlated to the disease outcome. 28% (11/39) of the patients in the study relapsed, consistent with previous studies. Very importantly, due to the good correlation of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 transcripts with the disease course, this assay will also be used to monitor MRD of t(8;21) positive patients within the recently launched AMLCG2014 study.

Human activities have altered flow regimes resulting in increased pressures and threats on river biota. Physical habitat simulation has been established as a standard approach among the methods for Environmental Flow Assessment (EFA). Traditionally, in EFA, univariate habitat suitability curves have been used to evaluate the habitat suitability at the microhabitat scale whereas Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) and fuzzy logic are considered the most common multivariate approaches to do so. The assessment of the habitat suitability for three size classes of the West Balkan trout (Salmo farioides; Karaman, 1938) inferred with these multivariate approaches was compared at three different levels. First the modelled patterns of habitat selection were compared by developing partial dependence plots. Then, the habitat assessment was spatially explicitly compared by calculating the fuzzy kappa statistic and finally, the habitat quantity and quality was compared broadly and at relevant flows under a hypothetical flow regulation, based on the Weighted Usable Area (WUA) vs. flow curves. The GAMs were slightly more accurate and the WUA-flow curves demonstrated that they were more optimistic in the habitat assessment with larger areas assessed with low to intermediate suitability (0.2 0.6). Nevertheless, both approaches coincided in the habitat assessment (the optimal areas were spatially coincident) and in the modelled patterns of habitat selection; large trout selected microhabitats with low flow velocity, large depth, coarse substrate and abundant cover. Medium sized trout selected microhabitats with low flow velocity, middle-to-large depth, any kind of substrate but bedrock and some elements of cover. Finally small trout selected microhabitats with low flow velocity, small depth, and light cover only avoiding bedrock substrate. Furthermore, both approaches also rendered similar WUA-flow curves and coincided in the predicted increases and decreases of the WUA under the hypothetical flow regulation. Although on an equal footing, GAMs performed slightly better, they do not automatically account for variables interactions. Conversely, fuzzy models do so and can be easily modified by experts to include new insights or to cover a wider range of environmental conditions. Therefore, as a consequence of the agreement between both approaches, we would advocate for combinations of GAMs and fuzzy models in fish-based EFA. This study was supported by the ECOFLOW project funded by the Hellenic General Secretariat of Research and Technology in the framework of the NSRF 2007-2013. We are grateful for field assistance of Dimitris Kommatas, Orfeas Triantafillou and Martin Palt and to Alcibiades N. Economou for assistance in discussions on trout biology and ecology.

[EN] Esta investigación, enmarcada en el proyecto ECOFLOW (Grecia), está enfocada a la estimación de caudales ecológicos en ríos de Grecia. La alteración hidrológica y la degradación de los hábitats fluviales han sido escasamente estudiados en este país, y permanecen aún fuera de su legislación. En este trabajo se aplicó el enfoque de la simulación del hábitat físico, basado en simulación hidráulica y del hábitat. Por primera vez para la trucha balcánica occidental (Salmo fariodes, Karaman) adulta, se realizó un modelo de idoneidad del hábitat multivariante (a escala de microhábitat) mediante modelos generalizados aditivos (GAM). Dichos adultos escogían principalmente los microhábitats con escasa corriente, profundos y con abundante refugio. Un tramo del río Acheloos se escogió para la simulación del hábitat físico. La falta de hábitats con abundante refugio y las pozas poco desarrolladas no llegaron a aportar una idoneidad alta. Esta primera aplicación en Grecia remarca la necesidad de ampliar y extender los enfoques de caudales ecológicos basados en estudios científicos locales y regionales, basados en hidrología y en eco-hidráulica. Estos métodos suponen avances importantes y son relevantes para mejorar el estado ecológico de los ríos y para la aplicación de las actuales políticas europeas sobre el agua., Este estudio se enmarca dentro del proyecto ECOFLOW patrocinado por la Secretaría General Griega para la investigación y la Tecnología en el marco de NSRF 2007-2013.