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Parahypsugo eisentrauti (Hill, 1968) (Table 3) Pipistrellus eisentrauti Hill, 1968: 45. COMMON NAMES. — English: Eisentraut’s Pipistrelle. French: Pipistrelle d’Eisentraut. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 5 specimens (including original data). Other localities of Cameroon • 2 specimens; Mount Kupe; 4°48’05”N, 9°42’29”E; 1078 m; 30.XI.1966; Martin Eisentraut leg.; ZFMK 1950.0198; ZFMK 1968.0006 • 2 specimens; Dikume-Balue; 4°14’42”N, 9°29’36”E; 1100 m; 18.II.1967; Martin Eisentraut leg.; ZFMK 1950.0498; ZFMK 1968.0005. ORIGINAL DATA. — A single male (Table 1) was caught at the ecotone between montane forest and montane grassland at an altitude of 2130 m a.s.l. This species has previously been referred to as Hypsugo eisentrauti (Hill, 1968) and it was recorded from Mount Cameroon by Eisentraut (1968) as Pipistrellus eisentrauti. The new generic name is based on recent molecular and morphological results by Hutterer et al. (2019). Fedden & MacLeod (1986) mist-netted a total of 22 individuals in the montane forest of Mount Cameroon. DIAGNOSIS. — The species is very small with a forearm length of 35.4 mm. The pelage is reddish-brown dorsally and slightly paler ventrally. The anterior upper premolar is visible above gum. The wings and interfemoral membrane are also reddish-brown. External measurements are presented in Table 3. HABITATS AND DISTRIBUTION. — This species is probably restricted to the Cameroon Highlands, where it has been recorded on Mount Cameroon, Rumpi Highlands, and Mount Kupe by Eisentraut (Hill 1968). It is distributed principally in montane and submontane habitat from 750 m to 2235 m (Van Cakenberghe & Happold 2013)., Published as part of Mongombe, Aaron Manga, Fils, Eric Moise Bakwo & Tamesse, Joseph Lebel, 2020, Annotated checklist of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Mount Cameroon, southwestern Cameroon, pp. 483-514 in Zoosystema 42 (24) on page 508, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2020v42a24, http://zenodo.org/record/4060043, {"references":["HILL J. E. 1968. - Bats from the Cameroons, with the description of a new species of Pipistrellus, Bonner zoologische Beitrage 19: 43 - 48.","EISENTRAUT M. 1968. - Beitrag zur Saugetierfauna von Kamerun. Bonner zoologische Beitrage 19: 1 - 14.","HUTTERER R. J., DECHER A., MONADJEM & ASTRIN J. 2019. - A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Acta Chiropterologica 21: 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.31 61 / 15081109 ACC 2019.21.1.001","FEDDEN M. O. & MACLEOD H. L. 1986. - Bat research in western Cameroon in S. N. STUART (ed.), Conservation of Cameroon montane forest. Report of the ICBP Cameroon Montane Forest Survey November 1983 - April 1984. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge: 175 - 195.","HAPPOLD M. & HAPPOLD D. C. D EDITORS. 2013. - The Mammals of Africa. Vol. IV. Hedgehogs, shrews and bats. Bloomsbury Publishers, London. 800 p. http: // doi. org / 10.5040 / 9781472926944"]}

Parahypsugo happoldorum sp. nov. Happolds��� pipistrelle Neoromicia sp. 1: Monadjem et al., 2013: 194, 196, 199, 200, 205. Hypsugo sp.: Decher et al., 2016: 266; Monadjem et al., 2016: 369. Holotype ZFMK-MAM-2009.0029, field number JD 700, collected by Jan Decher, Blaise Kadjo and Juliane Schaer on 12 December 2008. Adult male preserved in 70% ethanol, skull extracted. Frozen tissue and DNA preserved (ZFMK-TIS-4547, -4548, and -25937; ZFMK-DNA-0100417629); COI and Cyt-b sequences deposited in GenBank (accessions KT598198 and MK188525). Type locality Guinea, Pr��f��cture Macenta, Simandou Mountains, Western Spur Valley, 08��33���26.44���N, 08��55��� 16.50���W, ca. 737 m a.s.l., in net placed across a fastflowing creek in a ravine in submontane forest. Paratype ZFMK-MAM-2008.0295, ♀, with two embryos preserved (Guinea, Pr��f��cture Macenta, Foko Confluence, 8 March 2008) (ZFMK-TIS-25935; ZFMK-DNA-0100417627). Referred specimens ZFMK-MAM-2008.0296 (ZFMK-TIS-4549, -25936; ZFMK-DNA-0100417628), ♀ (Guinea, 2.3 km E Tourela, 14 March 2008); ZFMK-MAM- 2009.0032 (ZFMK-TIS-4550, -4551, -5938; ZFMK- DNA-0100417630), ♀ (Guinea, gallery forest on the Canga-Moribadou Road, 18 December 2008); DM 13225 (Liberia, Mount Nimba, submontane forest, 26 December 2011); reported as Neoromicia sp. 1 by Monadjem et al. (2013) who suggested that it may refer to an undescribed new species; COI sequence GenBank accession: JX508832. All preserved in alcohol and skulls extracted. Diagnosis Largest species of Parahypsugo (Tables 4 and 5), as defined above. Total length 92���97 mm, tail length 28���37 mm, forearm 34.6���36.5 mm, ear length 9���12 mm, body mass 7.3���9.5 g (Table 4). Free tail tip 1.2 to 1.9 mm long (Table 1; longer in Hypsugo, shorter in Pipistrellus). Thumb long (Fig. 8). Length of penis 6.4 mm, baculum 4.4 mm, thumb 7.2 mm, tragus 4.0 mm (Table 2). Greatest length of skull 14.96 mm, length of C���M 3 15.20 mm (Table 5). Etymology We are pleased to dedicate this new bat to Meredith and David Happold (Canberra, Australia) (Fig. 9) in recognition of their studies on African bats, and particularly of their monumental work for the Mammals of Africa volume IV on hedgehogs, shrews, and bats (Happold and Happold, 2013). As a vernacular name we propose ���Happolds��� Pipistrelle���. Description and comparison Parahypsugo happoldorum gen. nov., sp. nov. is the largest species currently recognized in the genus, with a total length of 90���97 mm. The tail length (28���37 mm), however, is longer in P. eisentrauti (36���40 mm), while forearm (34.6���36.5 mm) and body mass (7.3���9.5 g) are larger in P. happoldorum than in the other three species (Table 4). The short free tail tip measures 1.2���1.9 mm, and is shorter than in most Hypsugo species (1.5���5.5 mm ��� Table 1). Specimens from Guinea and the Nimba specimen are unicolored and medium brown on the dorsal and ventral surfaces. Dorsal hairs are 5 mm long on back and 3 mm at venter. Thumb, pad and lip are paler (Figs. 8 and 10). Parahypsugo happoldorum has a broad and simply built rhinarium (Fig. 2), and the face bears two round glandular areas surrounded by longer hairs which are missing in P. bellieri (Fig. 10). Ear length is 10 mm in the holotype (9���12 mm, n = 4), and its tip is rounded; the inner ear conch bears 3 folds. The tragus (Fig. 8) of the holotype is 4.0 mm long (Table 2) and represents 40% of the ear length. The thumb of the holotype is 7.2 mm long (Table 2 and Fig. 8), the longest in the genus. The forearm of the holotype is 35.8 mm long in P. happoldorum, slightly smaller but overlapping in P. eisentrauti, but significantly shorter in P. bellieri and P. crassulus (Table 4). The penis of the holotype specimen is 6.4 mm long and covered by short whitish hairs (Fig. 3 left); the proximal part is bent and not visible from the outside. A digital x-ray of its baculum measures 4.0 mm which is straight with a larger structure on its basal part and a slightly curved cross-section (Fig. 3 middle). The bacula of P. eisentrauti and P. bellieri are much shorter (Table 2), while the baculum of P. crassulus (Heller et al., 1994; Bates et al., 2013) is only slightly shorter. The cranium of P. happoldorum is illustrated in Figs. 4 and 11. The species is distinguished from other species (Fig. 12) by larger cranial and dental measurements, particularly in the greatest skull the eye. Photographs by J. Decher length and the upper and lower molar rows (Table 5). The dorsal profile is relatively flat (slightly more rounded in P. eisentrauti and P. bellieri). The large skull in P. happoldorum is mainly due to a different anterior design of the skull (Fig. 12). The rostrum is smooth and shows no traces of pits (as in Hypsugo sensu stricto ��� Table 6). The zygomatic arches are wide and extend posteriorly (Figs. 4 and 11). The I 1 has a second cusp, which is shorter than the first (P. happoldorum) or almost equal in length (P. eisentrauti, P. bellieri). The second upper incisor is small, about half the length of the first, and bears traces of a second cusp (Fig. 6). In Hypsugo, Neoromicia and Pipistrellus, the I 2 almost never bears traces of a second cusp (Fig. 6). Furthermore, P 1 is absent in the few P. happoldorum specimens that have been examined to date, but is present in all other species of the genus (Fig. 7). The upper molars are widest in P. happoldorum, and this is also true for P 2. Discussion Based on our molecular analyses, Parahypsugo happoldorum is split into two clusters (Fig. 1; p -distances of up to 6.7% in COI and up to 5.6% in Cyt-b) but we are unable to recognize reliable morphological characters, and we therefore refrain from describing a further new species. However, cryptic species may occur within this new species which is a topic for future studies. Specimen ZFMK-MAM-2009.0032, the only specimen caught in gallery forest on the more arid eastern side of the Simandou Ridge, is lighter on the belly, but the other specimens are brown. Cranially, the four species are quite similar. Differences are mainly due to the length of the rostrum (Fig. 9). Other species in the genus Currently we recognize three further species in the new genus, based on genetics (Fig. 1) and morphology (Figs. 7 and 9). However, we expect that further new species will be described in the future, particularly from the central and eastern parts of its range (see below)., Published as part of Hutterer, Rainer, Decher, Jan, Monadjem, Ara & Astrin, Jonas, 2019, A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), pp. 1-22 in Acta Chiropterologica 21 (1) on pages 9-15, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2019.21.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/3752833, {"references":["MONADJEM, A., L. R. RICHARDS, P. J. TAYLOR, and S. STOFFBERG. 2013. High diversity of pipistrelloid bats (Vespertilionidae: Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus) in a West African rainforest with the description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 167: 191 - 207.","DECHER, J., A. HOFFMANN, J. SCHAER, B. KADJO, A. MONADJEM, and R. HUTTERER. 2016. Bat diversity in the Simandou Mountain Range of Guinea, with the description of a new white-winged vespertilionid. Acta Chiropterologica, 17: 255 - 282.","MONADJEM, A., L. R. RICHARDS, and C. DENYS. 2016. An African bat hotspot: the exceptional importance of Mount Nimba for bat diversity. Acta Chiropterologica, 18: 359 - 375.","HAPPOLD, M., and D. C. D. HAPPOLD (eds.). 2013. Mammals of Africa Volume IV: Hedgehogs, shrews, and bats. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp.","THOMAS, O. 1904. New bats from British East Africa collected by Mrs. Hinde, and from the Cameroons by Mr. G. L. Bates. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 13: 206 - 210.","HELLER, K. - G., M. VOLLETH, and D. KOCK. 1994. Notes on some verspertilionid bats from the Kivu region, Central Africa (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Senckenbergiana biologica, 74: 1 - 8.","BATES, P. J. J., K. CAMERON, M. J. PEARCH, and B. HAYES. 2013. A review of the bats (Chiroptera) of the Republic of Congo, including eight species new to the country. Acta Chiropterologica, 15: 313 - 340."]}

Parahypsugo crassulus (Thomas, 1904) Broad-headed pipistrelle Pipistrellus crassulus Thomas, 1904: 206. Pipistrellus (Pipistrellus) crassulus: Hill and Harrison, 1987: 242, 272. Hypsugo crassulus: Heller et al., 1994: 3, 4, 5. Pipistrellus (Vansonia) crassulus: Koopman, 1994: 116. Hypsugo eisentrauti: Volleth and Heller, 1994: 13, 20, 26. Material examined SMF 79.441 (Rwanda), SMF 79.442 (DR Congo, Kivu region, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles, 850 m a.s.l.); FMNH 167775- 776, male (Gabon), FMNH 108168, male (Sudan), FMNH 83599, male (Angola), FMNH 165170-171, male (Uganda), FMNH 152767, male (Kenya), BMNH 1904.2.8.1 (holotype), SMF 79441 -442 (DR Congo). Comments The species occurs from Cameroon and Angola eastwards to Kenya (Fahr, 2013). Chromosome number of a specimen from DR Congo was: 2n = 30, aFN = 56 (Volleth et al., 2001). This is the smallest species of the genus (Tables 3 and 4)., Published as part of Hutterer, Rainer, Decher, Jan, Monadjem, Ara & Astrin, Jonas, 2019, A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), pp. 1-22 in Acta Chiropterologica 21 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2019.21.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/3752833, {"references":["THOMAS, O. 1904. New bats from British East Africa collected by Mrs. Hinde, and from the Cameroons by Mr. G. L. Bates. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 13: 206 - 210.","HILL, J. E., and D. L. HARRISON. 1987. The baculum in the Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) with a systematic review, a synopsis of Pipistrellus and Eptesicus, and the description of a new genus and subgenus. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 72: 225 - 305.","HELLER, K. - G., M. VOLLETH, and D. KOCK. 1994. Notes on some verspertilionid bats from the Kivu region, Central Africa (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Senckenbergiana biologica, 74: 1 - 8.","KOOPMAN, K. F. 1994. Chiroptera: systematics. Pp. 1 - 217, in Handbook of Zoology. Volume 8: Mammalia, Part 60 (J. NIETHAMMER, H. SCHLIEMANN, and D. STARCK, eds). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, vii + 224 pp.","VOLLETH, M., and K. - G. HELLER. 1994. Phylogenetic relationships of vespertilionid genera (Mammalia: Chiroptera) as revealed by karyological analysis. Zeitschrift fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 32: 11 - 34.","FAHR, J. 2013. Pipistrellus crassulus Broad-headed pipistrelle.. The mammals of Africa. Volume IV: Hedgehogs, shrews and bats (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp.","VOLLETH, M., G. BRONNER, M. C. GOPFERT, K. - G. HELLER, O. VON HELVERSEN, and H. - S. YONG. 2001. Karyotype comparison and phylogenetic relationships of Pipistrellus - like bats (Vespertilionidae; Chiroptera; Mammalia). Chromosome Research, 9: 25 - 46."]}

Parahypsugo, gen. nov. Type species Parahypsugo happoldorum, sp. nov. Other species included in the new genus Parahypsugo crassulus (Thomas, 1904), P. eisentrauti (Hill, 1968) and P. bellieri (De Vree, 1972). Etymology A combination of the Greek prefix para (beside, near) with Hypsugo, emphasizing the close genetic and morphological relationships between the two genera. Distribution Tropical Africa from Guinea in the west to Sudan and Somalia in the east, and south to Congo, DRC, Uganda, Rwanda and Kenya (Patterson and Webala, 2012; Bates et al., 2013; Monadjem et al., 2013; Decher et al., 2016; Van Cakenberghe et al., 2017). This genus is probably widely distributed in the rainforest zone of Africa, and occurs from 70 m to over 2,200 m a.s.l. (Happold and Happold, 2013). Diagnosis Medium-sized bats of the Vespertilionidae family forming a clade between Hypsugo and Pipistrellus (Fig. 1) with a broad and simple rhinarium (Fig. 2), second incisor small with traces of second cusp (Fig. 6), smooth rostrum and strongly pointed margins (Fig. 4), external penis bent with long terminal hairs (Fig. 3a), and baculum straight with on the cingulum of the second incisor (not present in Hypsugo). Scale is 1 mm larger structure (Fig. 3b). on basal part; diameter curved Morphological comparisons Based on the phylogenetic tree, Parahypsugo is closely related to the genera Hypsugo, Neoromicia and Pipistrellus (Fig. 1) and hence we compare these genera morphologically. Externally, Parahypsugo is characterized by its broad and flat rhinarium (Fig. 2), where the Pars supranarica and internarica cover most of the Pars supralabialis. The skull of Parahypsugo has a smooth rostrum, while Hypsugo has two large and deep pits on either side of the rostrum. Neoromicia has two straight rims, while the skull of Pipistrellus shows a simple smooth rostrum (Fig. 4). Furthermore, in Parahypsugo the lateral margin of the rostrum is pointed, while the margin is straight in the other genera. Nycticeinops Hill and Harrison, 1987 is cranio-dentally somewhat similar but differs by the lack of a second upper incisor (Hill and Harrison, 1987). The new bat species During the survey of the Simandou Mountains in Guinea (Decher et al., 2016), we captured seven individuals of a small bat, four of which were preserved and three released. We first assigned them to the genus Hypsugo, after tentatively naming them Neoromicia cf. capensis: two in the canopy net over the creeks at Foko Confluence (8��29���48.62���N, 8��54���48.22���W; 737 m a.s.l.), one in a forest net at 2.3 km east Tourela (08��30���31.99���N, 008��56���59.60���W; 621 m a.s.l.), three over the creek in the Western Spur Valley (08��33���26.44���N, 08��55���16.50���W; 900 m a.s.l.) and one over the creek in gallery forest at Canga Moribadou Road (8��35���35.65���E, 8��51���25.85���W; 750 m a.s.l.). See Decher et al. (2016) for a map with these localities. The bats ranged in body mass from 7 to 14 g. Female ZFMK-MAM-2008.0295 carried two embryos. In the molecular analysis (Fig. 1) the four preserved specimens group with a specimen from Mount Nimba (DM 13225) previously labeled Neoromicia sp. 1 (Monadjem et al., 2013), which was collected in forest at an altitude of 1,400 m above sea level in the East Nimba Nature Reserve (Monadjem et al., 2016). This new species lacks the ���much reduced, small��� anterior premolar described by Hill and Harrison (1987: 244) as a characteristic of the genus Hypsugo, but all the remaining Parahypsugo species have this character (Fig. 7). Scale is 1 mm, Published as part of Hutterer, Rainer, Decher, Jan, Monadjem, Ara & Astrin, Jonas, 2019, A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), pp. 1-22 in Acta Chiropterologica 21 (1) on pages 7-9, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2019.21.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/3752833, {"references":["THOMAS, O. 1904. New bats from British East Africa collected by Mrs. Hinde, and from the Cameroons by Mr. G. L. Bates. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 13: 206 - 210.","HILL, J. E. 1968. Bats from the Cameroons, with the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 19: 43 - 48.","DE VREE, F. 1972. Description of a new form of Pipistrellus from Ivory Coast. Revue de Zoologie et Botanique Africaine, 85: 412 - 416.","PATTERSON, B. D., and P. W. WEBALA. 2012. Keys to the bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of East Africa. Fieldiana: Life and Earth Sciences, 1563: 1 - 60.","BATES, P. J. J., K. CAMERON, M. J. PEARCH, and B. HAYES. 2013. A review of the bats (Chiroptera) of the Republic of Congo, including eight species new to the country. Acta Chiropterologica, 15: 313 - 340.","MONADJEM, A., L. R. RICHARDS, P. J. TAYLOR, and S. STOFFBERG. 2013. High diversity of pipistrelloid bats (Vespertilionidae: Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus) in a West African rainforest with the description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 167: 191 - 207.","DECHER, J., A. HOFFMANN, J. SCHAER, B. KADJO, A. MONADJEM, and R. HUTTERER. 2016. Bat diversity in the Simandou Mountain Range of Guinea, with the description of a new white-winged vespertilionid. Acta Chiropterologica, 17: 255 - 282.","VAN CAKENBERGHE, V., G. C. GEMBU TUNGALUNA, AKAWA MUSABA, P. SEAMARK, and E. VERHEYEN. 2017. The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi revisited (Mammalia: Chiroptera). European Journal of Taxonomy, 382: 1 - 327.","HAPPOLD, M., and D. C. D. HAPPOLD (eds.). 2013. Mammals of Africa Volume IV: Hedgehogs, shrews, and bats. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp.","HILL, J. E., and D. L. HARRISON. 1987. The baculum in the Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) with a systematic review, a synopsis of Pipistrellus and Eptesicus, and the description of a new genus and subgenus. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 72: 225 - 305.","MONADJEM, A., L. R. RICHARDS, and C. DENYS. 2016. An African bat hotspot: the exceptional importance of Mount Nimba for bat diversity. Acta Chiropterologica, 18: 359 - 375."]}

Parahypsugo bellieri (De Vree, 1972) Bellier���s Pipistrelle Pipistrellus eisentrauti bellieri De Vree, 1972: 412. Hypsugo eisentrauti bellieri: Heller et al., 1994: 2���3. Nycticeinops eisentrauti: Hoofer and Van Den Busche, 2003: 14, 19, 27, 53; Hoofer et al., 2006: 982, 984. Hypsugo (crassulus) bellieri: Weber and Fahr, 2007: 92 /93. Pipistrellus crassulus: Fahr, 2013: 617. Hypsugo crassulus: Decher et al., 2016: 266. Material examined Holotype, MRAC 35686, female, skin and skull (C��te d���Ivoire, Adiopodoum��; coll. F. De Vree, 19 November 1969); ZFMK-MAM-2008.0299 (ZFMK-TIS-4905, -4906, -25943; ZFMK-DNA- 0100417869), female (Guinea, Simandou, Foko Confluence, 8 March 2008); ZFMK-MAM- 2009.0030 (ZFMK-TIS-4545, -4546, -25947; ZFMK-DNA-0100417618), male (Guinea, Simandou, Western Spur Valley, 12 December 2008). DM 12616, male (Liberia, East Nimba Nature Reserve, coll. Ara Monadjem 22 December 2010, altitude 1,200 m a.s.l.); DM 13221, male (Liberia, East Nimba Nature Reserve, coll. A. M. 31 December 2011, altitude 900 m a.s.l.); DM 13222, male (Liberia, 10 km west of Mount Nimba, coll. A. M. 8 January 2012, altitude 420 m a.s.l.). Comments This species was originally described as a subspecies of Pipistrellus eisentrauti (De Vree 1972), and subsequently assigned to Hypsugo crassulus (Heller et al., 1994), although Koopman et al. (1995) argued to keep both species in Pipistrellus and retain bellieri as a subspecies of P. eisentrauti. The holotype compares well in external and cranium dimensions with other specimens from Guinea and C��te d���Ivoire (Table 4). It is one of two smaller species of Parahypsugo which is known only from the Upper Guinea forest zone in Guinea, Liberia and C��te d���Ivoire. Fahr (2013) discussed it as a subspecies of Pipistrellus crassulus with specimens from seven localities from these countries, but noted that it may represent a distinct species, as did Monadjem et al. (2016). Happold and Happold (2013) published a drawing of the skull (Fig. 137d) of the holotype of P. bellieri., Published as part of Hutterer, Rainer, Decher, Jan, Monadjem, Ara & Astrin, Jonas, 2019, A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), pp. 1-22 in Acta Chiropterologica 21 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2019.21.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/3752833, {"references":["DE VREE, F. 1972. Description of a new form of Pipistrellus from Ivory Coast. Revue de Zoologie et Botanique Africaine, 85: 412 - 416.","HELLER, K. - G., M. VOLLETH, and D. KOCK. 1994. Notes on some verspertilionid bats from the Kivu region, Central Africa (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Senckenbergiana biologica, 74: 1 - 8.","HOOFER, S. R., R. A. VAN DEN BUSSCHE, and I. HORACEK. 2006. Generic status of the American pipistrelles (Vespertilionidae) with description of a new genus. Journal of Mammalogy, 87: 981 - 992.","WEBER, N., and J. FAHR. 2007. A rapid survey of small mammals from the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Eastern Region, Ghana, Pp. 90 - 98, in A rapid biological assessment of the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Eastern Ghana (J. MC- CULLOUGH, L. E. ALONSO, P. NASKRECKI, H. E. WRIGHT, and Y. OSEI- OWUSU, eds.). RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, 47: 1 - 194.","FAHR, J. 2013. Pipistrellus crassulus Broad-headed pipistrelle.. The mammals of Africa. Volume IV: Hedgehogs, shrews and bats (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds.). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp.","DECHER, J., A. HOFFMANN, J. SCHAER, B. KADJO, A. MONADJEM, and R. HUTTERER. 2016. Bat diversity in the Simandou Mountain Range of Guinea, with the description of a new white-winged vespertilionid. Acta Chiropterologica, 17: 255 - 282.","KOOPMAN, K. F., C. F. KOFRON, and A. CHAPMAN. 1995. The bats of Liberia: systematics, ecology, and distribution. American Museum Novitates, 3148: 1 - 24.","MONADJEM, A., L. R. RICHARDS, and C. DENYS. 2016. An African bat hotspot: the exceptional importance of Mount Nimba for bat diversity. Acta Chiropterologica, 18: 359 - 375.","HAPPOLD, M., and D. C. D. HAPPOLD (eds.). 2013. Mammals of Africa Volume IV: Hedgehogs, shrews, and bats. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp."]}

Parahypsugo eisentrauti (Hill, 1968) Eisentraut���s Pipistrelle Pipistrellus eisentrauti Hill, 1968: 45. Pipistrellus (Hypsugo) eisentrauti: Hill and Harrison, 1987: 246, 274. Hypsugo eisentrauti: Hoofer et al., 2006: 991. Material examined ZFMK 1968.0005, holotype (Cameroon, Rumpi Hills); ZFMK 1968.0006, paratype (Cameroon, Mt. Kupe); ZFMK 1999.0676 (ZFMK-DNA- FC19442872 ��� Cameroon, Mt. Nlonako). Comments The history of the taxon eisentrauti is rather complicated. It was originally described in the genus Pipistrellus based on specimens from Cameroon (Rumpi Hills and Mt Kupe) (Hill, 1968). This was followed by the description of the taxon bellieri that was originally assigned to P. eisentrauti (see above). Both these taxa and P. crassulus were then moved to the genus Hypsugo and bellieri removed from P. eisentrauti to P. crassulus (Heller et al., 1994), although this was disputed by Koopman et al. (1995). In addition, new specimens of the taxon eisentrauti were reported from Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia and Uganda (Heller et al., 1994; Varty and Hill, 1988; Thorn and Kerbis Peterhans, 2009; see also Van Cakenberghe et al., 2017). However, specimens collected east of Cameroon probably represent one (or more) new species, which have not yet been studied in detail. Also a specimen (ROM 100532) used by Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003) to characterize P. eisentrauti in their tree represents a different species, most probably P. bellieri (Van Cakenberghe and Happold, 2013). Hoofer et al. (2006) listed the holotype (with misspelled type locality ���Rumysi Hilus��� = Rumpi Hills) and the paratype of P. eisentrauti, but in their trees they used the wrong sequence that had been published previously (Hoofer and Van den Busche, 2003). The same (but wrong) sequence was recently used again by Amador et al. (2018). Our tree (Fig. 1) includes a new specimen of P. eisentrauti from Mt. Nlonako, a mountain neighboring Mt. Cameroon, the type locality for this species., Published as part of Hutterer, Rainer, Decher, Jan, Monadjem, Ara & Astrin, Jonas, 2019, A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), pp. 1-22 in Acta Chiropterologica 21 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2019.21.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/3752833, {"references":["HILL, J. E. 1968. Bats from the Cameroons, with the description of a new species of Pipistrellus. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 19: 43 - 48.","HILL, J. E., and D. L. HARRISON. 1987. The baculum in the Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) with a systematic review, a synopsis of Pipistrellus and Eptesicus, and the description of a new genus and subgenus. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 72: 225 - 305.","HOOFER, S. R., R. A. VAN DEN BUSSCHE, and I. HORACEK. 2006. Generic status of the American pipistrelles (Vespertilionidae) with description of a new genus. Journal of Mammalogy, 87: 981 - 992.","HELLER, K. - G., M. VOLLETH, and D. KOCK. 1994. Notes on some verspertilionid bats from the Kivu region, Central Africa (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Senckenbergiana biologica, 74: 1 - 8.","KOOPMAN, K. F., C. F. KOFRON, and A. CHAPMAN. 1995. The bats of Liberia: systematics, ecology, and distribution. American Museum Novitates, 3148: 1 - 24.","VARTY, N., and J. E. HILL. 1988. Notes on a collection of bats from the riverine forests of the Jubba Valley, southern Somalia. Mammalia 52: 533 - 540.","THORN, E., and J. KERBIS PETERHANS. 2009. Small mammals of Uganda. Bonner zoologische Monographien, 55: 1 - 164.","VAN CAKENBERGHE, V., G. C. GEMBU TUNGALUNA, AKAWA MUSABA, P. SEAMARK, and E. VERHEYEN. 2017. The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi revisited (Mammalia: Chiroptera). European Journal of Taxonomy, 382: 1 - 327.","HOOFER, S. R., and R. A. VAN DEN BUSSCHE. 2003. Molecular phylogenetics of the chiropteran family Vespertilionidae. Acta Chiropterologica, 5 (Supplement 1): 1 - 63.","VAN CAKENBERGHE, V., and M. HAPPOLD. 2013. Pipistrellus eisentrauti Eisentraut's pipistrelle. Pp. 621 - 622, in The mammals of Africa. Volume IV. Hedgehogs, shrews and bats (M. HAPPOLD and D. C. D. HAPPOLD, eds). Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 800 pp.","AMADOR, L. I., R. L. MOYERS AREVALO, F. C. ALMEIDA, S. A. CATALANO, and N. P. GIANNINI. 2018. Bat systematics in the light of unconstrained analyses of a comprehensive molecular supermatrix. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 25: 37 - 70."]}