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Copyright of Acta Zoologica Lilloana is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study documents the prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance, aggregation, and seasonal variation of Amblyomma dissimile Koch in free-living snakes in the tropical humid climate of the Centro municipality of Tabasco, Mexico. A total of 19 snakes of seven species were captured manually during trail walks by trained personnel and carefully inspected for ticks. A morphological characterization identified the ticks as A. dissimile. Estimates indicated that 52.6% of the snakes had been parasitized by this tick. A total of 213 ticks were collected. The mean abundance was 11.2 (95% CI= 4-36), and the mean intensity was 21.3 (95% CI=8-57.1). Adult ticks were the most abundant, followed by nymphs and larvae. The most common parasitized body area was the first third of the snake's body, followed by the second, third, and finally, the head. Half of the inspected snakes were parasitized, and the ticks were found most frequently in the atlantooccipital joint area at the entrance to the stomach. There were high parasitic indices, abundances, and intensities, and Boa imperator Daudin was the most parasitized snake. More parasitized snakes were observed during the dry season. The study compiles relevant information about the presence of A. dissimile and their host snakes in Tabasco, Mexico. Resumen Este estudio documenta la prevalencia, intensidad media, abundancia media, agregación y variación estacional de Amblyomma dissimile Koch en serpientes de vida libre en el clima tropical húmedo del municipio Centro de Tabasco, México. Un total de 19 serpientes de siete especies fueron capturadas manualmente por personal capacitado durante recorridos en senderos. Cada serpiente fué cuidadosamente inspeccionada en busca de garrapatas. La caracterización morfológica permitió identificar a las garrapatas como A. dissimile. Las estimaciones indicaron que el 52.6% de las serpientes estaban parasitadas por esta garrapata. Se colectaron 213 garrapatas. La abundancia media fue 11.2 (IC 95%= 4-36), y la intensidad media fue 21.3 (IC 95%=8-57.1). Las garrapatas adultas fueron las más abundantes, seguidas de ninfas y larvas. El área corporal parasitada más común fue el primer tercio del cuerpo de la serpiente, seguido del segundo, tercero y finalmente la cabeza. La mitad de las serpientes inspeccionadas estaban parasitadas y las garrapatas se encontraron con mayor frecuencia de la zona de la articulación atlantooccipital a la entrada del estómago. Se detectaron índices altos para la abundancia e intensidad parasitaria, las serpientes de la especie Boa imperator Daudin fue la más parasitada. Se observó mayor cantidad de serpientes parasitadas durante la estación seca. El estudio recopila información relevante sobre la presencia de A. dissimile y sus serpientes hospedadoras en Tabasco, México. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a list of observations on ectoparasites of the Argentine herpetofauna reported in different publications from 1928 to 2022. A bibliographic search was carried out in electronic databases such as SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Dialnet, and Google Scholar. In total, 30 articles published in national and international journals were included. Our list contains records for 54 hosts: 36 reptiles and 18 amphibians. The registered parasites correspond to mites from the families Trombiculidae, Pterygosomatidae, Leeuwenhoekiidae, Ereynetidae and ticks from the families Ixodidae and Argasidae. In total, 4 species of Amblyomma, 1 Ornithodoros, 7 Hannemania, 2 Eutrombicula, 2 Lawrencarus and 2 Neopterygosoma were recorded. Of the total number of reptiles mentioned for Argentina (425 species), 36 species have been registered with some type of ectoparasite, with the lizards of the Liolaemidae family presenting the highest records. The ectoparasites with the highest records in reptiles are ticks of the genus Amblyomma spp. For amphibians, out of 170 species mentioned, only 18 species have been recorded with some type of ectoparasite, with frogs from the Leptodactylidae family being the ones with the highest records. The ectoparasites with the highest records in amphibians are mites of the genus Hannemania. This work is the first compilation of ectoparasites in the Argentine herpetofauna. This compilation will help to understand the current ectoparasitic situation in reptiles and amphibians, allowing the development of new management plans for species with conservation problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neotropical Biology & Conservation is the property of Pensoft Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Un agente parasitario no identificado fue analizado en un lote de Pterophyllum scalare adquiridos por el Laboratorio de Ictiología y Peces Ornamentales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá. El lote de animales tenía como antecedente haber cursado su etapa de levante en estanques de tierra. Con el pasar de los días, durante el periodo de cuarentena en acuario, una fracción del lote, correspondiente a la variedad Koi, empezó a presentar estructuras anormales color blanco en las aletas; estructuras que tuvieron una lenta diseminación hacia la zona de la corona. Para determinar el agente causal de este fenómeno, se analizó una muestra de aleta, identificando la presencia de metacercarias del parásito Clinostomum sp. Con dicha información se procedió a realizar un tratamiento antiparasitario empleando un fármaco destinado a pequeñas especies a base de Praziquantel y Pamoato de Pirantel (Vermiplex® de Laboratorios ZOO). El fármaco fue administrado vía oral con una dosis de 25 mg totales de Praziquantel y 75 mg totales en el agua; logrando una recuperación total de los animales afectados al desaparecer completamente las estructuras parasitarias y no presentar reincidencia luego de un periodo de 20 días desde el inicio del tratamiento.

Copyright of Acta Zoologica Lilloana is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scabies is a common infection that affects people all over the world and has various presentations and impacts depending on the clinical situation. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, an obligate ectoparasite that resides in the epidermis of the human skin. In this article, we present a review of the differential diagnoses and complications of scabies and scabies variants. We also present a summary of the etiology and the current diagnostic methods of scabies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermacentor nitens Neumann is the most common tick species infesting horses in the main Brazilian biomes. It has a predilection to attach to horse the ears, the nasal diverticulum, perineal and perianal regions. The infestations can generate severe damage in the ears, anemia, and the tick also acts as vector of Babesia caballi (Nuttall and Strickland), the causative agent of equine babesiosis. Our study describes unusual parasitism site of D. nitens on a female cross breed horse, approximately ten years old that presented high parasitism by ticks on the perineal and perianal region, ears, and the left eye orbit region, where an enucleation process had been performed a few years earlier. To our knowledge this is the first report of D. nitens parasitism on a formerly enucleated eye orbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En Ecuador, Rhipicephalus microplus es la principal garrapata que afecta al ganado bovino, cuyo control exige conocer su comportamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el grado de infestación de R. microplus, examinando la ubicación anatómica de las garrapatas y su posible asociación con factores intrínsecos de los animales como son el estado general de salud, condición corporal, color del pelaje. Se llevaron a cabo cuatro muestreos cada tres meses en un total de 15 fincas en el Noroccidente de Pichincha (localidad1) y 15 fincas en el Valle de los Quijos (localidad2). Las garrapatas mayores a 0.5cm fueron contadas en 5 animales escogidos al azar. Como resultados, en cuatro muestreos realizados en las dos localidades, se encontró un promedio de 99.39 ± SD156.28(0–1426) garrapatas por animal, y un promedio de 108.8±SD179.43(0–1426) y 88.2 ± SD122.80(0–824) para la localidad 1 y 2, respectivamente. Solo la variable "salud aparente de piel y pelaje" mostró una asociación estadística positiva, con un valor P

Este estudo relata o primeiro caso registrado de cleptoparasitismo de ninho na família Thraupidae, envolvendo o saí-azul (Dacnis cayana) e um ninho de caneleiro-de-chapéu-preto (Pachyramphus validus). O cleptoparasitismo é um comportamento no qual um indivíduo rouba comida ou recursos de outro, e o cleptoparasitismo de ninho refere-se especificamente ao roubo de material de nidificação. O saí-azul roubou com sucesso material de nidificação do ninho do caneleiro-de-chapéu-preto sem ser notado. Esse comportamento oferece vantagens como redução do esforço na busca de material e diminuição do risco de predação, mas também traz riscos como a defesa dos donos do ninho e a possibilidade de carregar patógenos. Esta observação expande nossa compreensão dos comportamentos cleptoparasitários nessas espécies de aves.

The fossil record of Isopoda includes remains of presumed parasites. Among the fossils which have been discussed as potential parasites are those termed as Urda Münster, 1840. Some of these fossils have been discussed as possibly related to an extant group of parasites, Gnathiidae Leach, 1814. The type species of Urda - Urda rostrata Münster, 1840 - is herein interpreted as a close relative of the group Gnathiidae, based on the shared occurrence of a number of apomorphic features. This is with Urda punctata (Münster, 1842) herein being interpreted as a junior subjective synonym of U. rostrata. However, not all of the fossils associated with the name Urda can safely be identified as close relatives of Gnathiidae. Moreover, it is unclear whether the extinct species, which can be identified as close relatives of U. rostrata and Gnathiidae form a monophyletic group, as we could not identify an autapomorphy for a natural group Urda. A new species of close relatives of Urda rostrata and Gnathiidae - Urda buechneri n. sp. - is formally described based on µCT image data. Palaega suevica Reiff, 1936 and Palaega kessleri Reiff, 1936 are found to be subjective synonyms and are re-interpreted as Urda suevica n. comb. - a species closely related to U. rostrata. Due to the documented destruction of the holotype, a herein figured fossil specimen is designated as the neotype of Urda suevica. Palaega? stemmerbergensis Malzahn, 1968 is also interpreted as a close representative of U. rostrata and herein treated as Urda stemmerbergensis n. comb. Another already formally described species - Eobooralana rhodanica gen. et comb. nov. - is interpreted as a more distant relative, which is likely to be closer related to other extant species of Isopoda than those within Gnathiidae. For three species there are not enough characters preserved to interpret them as closely related to U. rostrata and Gnathiidae: Urda? liasica Frentzen, 1937 nom. dub. (type material destroyed, description insufficient for proper diagnosis), Urda? moravica Remeš, 1912 and Urda? zelandica Buckeridge and Johns, 1996. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceroplastes Gray is one of the most important genus within the Coccidae family. In the present preliminary study in guava crops (Psidium araca L.) in the municipality of Montería-Córdoba, Colombia, the behavior of Ceroplastes floridensis (Comstock) was analyzed and its main parasitoid insects were taxonomically identified. The specimens were obtained through captures using entomological nets, suction flasks, and samples of the host insect collected in the field from stems, branches, and leaves. The identification and preservation of individuals was carried out in the Entomology Laboratory of the University of Córdoba. It was identified a Hymenoptera: Formicidae (Azteca sp.) as a dispersal agent associated with nymphs of C. floridensis and as parasitoid insects to the species Metaphycus sp.; Metaphycus marensis; Metaphycus helvolus; Diaphorencyrtus sp.; Copidosoma sp.; Chrysocharis flacilla; Chrysocharis pentheus, Tetrastichus sp., Aprostocetus sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A traça-da-couve (Plutella xylostella) é um inseto que provoca perdas de produção das brássicas. Determinadas populações de P. xylostella expressam resistência à inseticidas resultando no difícil manejo e consequentemente demanda maiores aplicações de agrotóxicos levando à redução de inimigos naturais e poluição ambiental, neste sentido a pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de parasitoides de Cotesia plutellae sobre a P. xylostella nas culturas brássicas, para o efeito foi instalado um experimento usando o delineamento de blocos casualizados ma área total de 525 m2. Após análises de variância, constatou-se porcentagens de parasitismo da C. plutellae sobre a P. xylostella de 43.12%, 26.79%, 20.83 e 13.73% para as variedades Tronchuda, Mostarda, KK Cross e Copenhagen Market, no estágio larval 1 a maior densidade média foi registrada quando as larvas tiveram a variedade Tronchuda como hospedeiro com 9.92 larvas/planta, sendo superior às registradas em variedade Mostarda, KK Cross e Copenhagen.

Amblyomma tigrinum es una especie de garrapata con amplia distribución en América del sur. Presenta importancia médica y veterinaria debido a que los estadios adultos han sido registrados principalmente en mamíferos, incluyendo a humanos. El día 25 se septiembre ingresó al Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre un ejemplar de gato montés Leopardus geoffroyi con trauma cefálico, procedente del departamento de San Martín, provincia de San Juan. Se procedió a realizar un examen externo registrándose dos garrapatas, identificadas como A. tigrinum. Esta interacción parásito- hospedador es el primer registro para la provincia de San Juan y el segundo para Argentina. El presente estudio brinda información novedosa no antes registrada sobre la interacción de A. tigrinum con L. geoffroyi, contribuyendo al conocimiento parasitario en carnívoros de Argentina.

Background: parasitosis has high incidence rates in the world child population, conditioned by poor sanitary habits and other associated risk factors, a situation also affecting our country. Objective: to characterize children with parasitism who attend kindergarten from the health area of the "Manuel Fajardo Rivero" University Polyclinic in Las Tunas. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in children attending four kindergarten of this health area, from 6 September to 5 November 2021. From a universe of 706 infants, a sample of 81, aged between 2 and 6 years, was positive on stool samples. The variables evaluated included: age group, sex, associated risk factors, parasitic species, clinical symptoms and medical treatment. Results: infants of the sixth year of life predominated (29.6 %), with males (64.2 %) being the most affected. Untreated or unboiled water consumption (44.5 %) was the most commonly found associated risk factor. Blastocystis hominis (42.0 %) was identified as the most frequent parasitic species; abdominal cramps (48.1 %) as a clinical symptom and Secnidazole (80.2 %) was the most prescribed drug. Conclusions: children with parasitism were characterized from four kindergarten of the health area of "Manuel Fajardo Rivero" polyclinic.

The pitahaya fruit has an exotic appearance, pleasant taste and nutraceutical constituents. This fruit has gained popularity, aiming to increase its acceptance in national and international consumer markets. Since the increase in the planted area, several reports of the association with nematodes have been registered, whose interaction causes plant weakness and, consequently, a decrease in productivity. However, studies on the host suitability of pitahaya and nematode species are scarce in Brazil. In this sense, the present work presents an investigation of the reaction of red pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus) to three phytonematodes species Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, and Rothylenchulus reniformis. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the experimental field of the Instituto Taquaritinguense de Ensino Superior (ITES), municipality of Taquaritinga, São Paulo state, from seedlings transplanted into 5 L pots containing sterile substrate. The seedlings were inoculated 60 days after transplanting with 548 eggs + J2 per mL for M. incognita, 352 eggs + J2 per mL for M. javanica and 220 eggs + J2 per mL for R. reniformis. After 120 days of inoculation, the roots were processed for extraction of the eggs and determination of the reproduction factor (RF) of the nematodes. Under the conditions evaluated, red pitahaya proved to be resistant to M. incognita and R. reniformis and susceptible to M. javanica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El picudo Rhynchophorus palmarum es una plaga importante de palmas cultivadas y silvestres en América, tales como palma de aceite (Elaeis guineensis), coco (Cocos nucifera) y chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes); además se reporta como plaga secundaria con alta incidencia en cultivos de caña de azúcar. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la capacidad de parasitismo de Billaea claripalpis sobre larvas de R. palmarum en condiciones de laboratorio. Para este propósito, se realizaron pruebas de parasitismo por inoculación manual de larvas del picudo con planidios extraídos de moscas grávidas; se usaron larvas del picudo de cinco rangos de peso corporal, criadas tanto en dieta artificial como en caña de azúcar. Eso fue seguido de pruebas de parasitismo en jaula sobre larvas de R. palmarum criadas en caña de azúcar. La mayor proporción de larvas criadas en caña afectadas por parasitismo se registró en larvas con un peso entre 100-400 mg. Larvas de R. palmarum criadas en dieta artificial presentaron baja proporción de larvas afectadas en todos los pesos evaluados. Los ensayos de parasitismo en jaula evidenciaron la capacidad del parasitoide de localizar larvas del picudo dentro de la planta y penetrar en el hospedero de manera natural. Sin embargo, las larvas del parasitoide en su primer estado de desarrollo fueron encapsuladas por la respuesta inmune de R. palmarum, indicando que las larvas del picudo no son un buen hospedero para el desarrollo completo de la mosca.

Los cangrejos del género Callinectes están ampliamente distribuidos en aguas cálidas. Habitan principalmente en lagunas costeras y estuarios. En las lagunas del golfo de México, están sujetos a una pesquería importante. En el caso de México, Callinectes sapidus y Callinectes rathbunae contribuyen con 90 % de la captura nacional. Un aspecto importante en el ciclo de vida de los cangrejos es el parasitismo causado por balanos parásitos del orden Rhizocephala, debido a su alta prevalencia y periodicidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue proveer de información reciente acerca del número de externas por individuo en cangrejos de la especie C. rathbunae. En un muestreo comercial realizado en marzo de 2019, se capturaron tres especímenes de la especie C. rathbunae parasitados con el balano rizocéfalo Loxothylacus texanus: un ejemplar macho con dos externas vírgenes, una hembra con cinco externas vírgenes, y un organismo macho con cinco externas maduras. Este es el primer reporte en donde se presenta evidencia de cinco externas en un hospedero, se concluyó que esta prevalencia fue baja. Es importante realizar más estudios de este tipo para comprender del todo el ciclo de vida de L. texanus y su impacto en las poblaciones de sus hospederos.

As populações silvestres são constantemente ameaçadas devido ao aumento global da população humana e à consequente perda dos habitats originais, bem como à poluição, ao aumento do trânsito de pessoas e animais e à introdução de espécies exóticas. Estudos hematológicos, bioquímicos, toxicológicos e parasitológicos vêm sendo utilizados para o entendimento do estado de saúde de muitas espécies silvestres. Especialmente em relação à avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos, existe dificuldade na interpretação dos valores observados, visto que fatores condizentes ao indivíduo e ao ambiente, bem como ao aprisionamento dos animais e à utilização de drogas para sedação, influenciam na hematimetria e nas dosagens bioquímicas. Neste contexto, dados sobre parasitismo e saúde dos mamíferos silvestres do Pantanal foram compilados por meio de bibliometria e discutidos em termos de resiliência e sustentabilidade de suas populações. A conclusão deste artigo é de que a comunidade científica deveria trabalhar em conjunto com a sociedade organizada, a fim de incentivar a criação e a aplicação de políticas públicas de conservação, no sentido de manter a biodiversidade e a continuidade dos seus processos ecológicos.

Os ipês são espécies ornamentais presentes em diversas cidades do país, como por exemplo, Londrina (PR). Em suas épocas de florescimento eles são apreciados, devido à exuberância e beleza. Em Londrina, essas espécies têm sido parasitadas pela erva de passarinho, um parasita que retira de seu hospedeiro parte de sua seiva, podendo leva-lo à morte, por possuir rápida e fácil disseminação e infectar diversas árvores. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa objetivou identificar os ipês parasitados por erva de passarinho no campus da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) e compreender as implicações sócio-espaciais e econômicas para a instituição e para a Londrina. Para tanto, uma pesquisa de campo foi realizada na universidade, para identificar os ipês infectados e os não infectados. Destarte, um mapa foi elaborado, com base nos softwares QGIS e ENVI, e apresenta a espacialização do parasitismo. Por meio desse estudo foram identificados um total de 281 ipês, destes 85 estão infectados e 196 não estão, ou seja 30,2% dos ipês da UEL são parasitados pela erva de passarinho.

Botflies (Diptera: Cuterebra sp.) are widely distributed and seasonally abundant parasites of small mammals in North America. To assess their effect on rodent survival, we studied the demography of botfly parasitism on small mammals in northeastern Kansas during 1995–1999. Additional comparisons on botflies parasitizing small mammals were made to a nearby old-field grid where mark–recapture studies continued from 1975 to 2003. White-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, were infected by botfly larvae (Cuterebra fontinella) each year during our study. The period of infection for P. leucopus was June–December, with the highest proportion of mice infected in July and August. A smaller, second peak of infection in October and November indicated that C. fontinella reproduced bimodally at this latitude with distinct summer and autumn population peaks. During the botfly seasons of the 5 years, 140 (23.3%) of 602 P. leucopus captured were infected. The percentages of individuals infected during 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1999 were not significantly different (22.4%, 17.3%, 17.1%, and 22.7%, respectively). However, in 1998, 32.4% individuals were infected with a higher incidence of multiple infections and a greater number of botfly larvae per host. Nearly half (47%) of the infected individuals caught in 1998 had infections in both summer and autumn, compared with 25% during the 1995–1997 seasons. In 1999, 63% of infected mice had at least a 2nd infection during the autumn. For all 5 years, 82%, 14%, and 4% of the infected mice had one, two, or three botflies, respectively. In 1998, 24% of the infected mice carried two or more botflies at one time, compared to 14% from 1995–1997 and 11% in 1999. Overall 94% of the infected mice were adults, with no differences between sexes. The variation seen in the prevalence of botfly parasitism of whitefooted mice correlates to yearly weather fluctuations. Other demographic aspects of the infected mice, such as sex ratio, age, and longevity of those infected, did not change year to year. Our data suggest that infection with Cuterebra has little negative or positive impact upon populations of white-footed mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify mites in Diptera in a wooded area of Sabanalarga, Department of Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods. Two "stable flies" (Stomoxys calcitrans) were collected in a corral used temporarily to move cattle located in a wooded area of the municipality of Sabanalarga, Antioquia-Colombia. The flies were stored in Eppendorf tubes containing 70% ethyl alcohol for further processing. In the laboratory, the flies were identified, and then the mites they carried on their ventral area were removed and counted. Subsequently, the mites were stored in 70% ethyl alcohol to be rinsed on slides and identified under a light microscope. Results. A total of 15 specimens of a mite of the order Mesostigmata, family Macrochelidae of the species Macrocheles muscaedomesticae, parasitizing the flies S. calcitrans, were identified. Conclusions. This is the first report on the parasitic association between phoretic mites Macrocheles muscaedomesticae and stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans in Sabanalarga, Antioquia-Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ipes are an ornamental species present in many cities of the country, for example, Londrina (PR). In its times of blossoming they're appreciated, due its exuberance and beauty. In Londrina, that species has been parasitized by mistletoes, a parasite that takes from its host a part of its sap, could leading it to death, for being rapid and easy dissemination and infecting many trees. Thus, the present research aimed to identify the ipes parasitized by mistletoes in the State University of Londrina (UEL) campus and comprehend the socio-spatial and economical implications to the institution and to the city of Londrina. Therefore, a field research was made in the university, to identify the infected ipes e the not infected. Thus, a map was elaborated, based on QGIS and ENVI software programs, and shows the spatialization of the parasitism. By means of this study were identified a total of 281 ipes, witch 85 of these are infected and 196 are not, in other words 30,2% of the UEL ipes are parasitized by mistletoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se evaluó la capacidad antagónica de cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. frente a Verticillium dahliae en diferentes condiciones de cultivo e incubación. Se realizó el aislamiento e identificación molecular de cepas nativas antagónicas y del fitopatógeno. Los mismos fueron evaluadas en dos ensayos in vitro, empleando medio de cultivo ADP en dos condiciones de pH e incubados bajo dos condiciones de iluminación. Mediante técnicas de cultivo dual se efectuó un ensayo con diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 2 x 2 x 2, y de microcultivos. Se evaluó la capacidad antagonista de dos cepas nativas de Trichoderma, TT (T. hamatum) y M5A (T. hamatum) sobre la cepa del fitopatógeno nativo (Verticillium dahliae). Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la cepa TT a pH 6.5 con 16 h luz/8 h oscuridad tuvo el menor Tiempo de Contacto y mayor Porcentaje de Inhibición de Crecimiento con 8 h de luz/16 h. de oscuridad. En ambos ensayos y tratamientos se obtuvo Clase 1, siendo ambas eficientes en la competencia por sustrato y espacio. Se observó que la cepa nativa M5A y la cepa patrón TT parasitan al fitopatógeno. Por lo que se concluye que la cepa TT presenta mayores atributos de antagonismo frente al fitopatógeno V. dahliae, en condiciones de 8 h luz/ 16 h oscuridad.

O tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L.) é uma das olerícolas mais cultivadas no mundo. Há diversas doenças que afetam a cultura, destacam-se fitonematóides do gênero Meloidogyne. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar avaliação do efeito da influência da temperatura e exsudatos radiculares de tomate 'Santa Clara' e Datura metel na eclosão de juvenis de M. javanica raça 1 e na infestação de mudas de tomateiro. As avaliações de eclosão foram realizadas em câmaras de eclosão em diferentes temperaturas, e os testes de infectividade foram feitos em muda de tomateiro ‘Santa Clara’ de 21 dias. Observou-se que os exsudatos radiculares do tomateiro foram os que mais favoreceram a eclosão dos juvenis, a temperatura influencia diretamente a infectividade. D. metel mesmo sendo considerada uma má hospedeira, seus exsudatos radiculares não afetam a capacidade de parasitismo de M. javanica raça 1.

Objetivo. Identificar ácaros presentes en dípteros en una zona boscosa de Sabanalarga, Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se colectaron dos “moscas de los establos” (Stomoxys calcitrans) en un corral utilizado temporalmente para el traslado de ganado, ubicado en una zona boscosa del municipio de Sabanalarga, Antioquia-Colombia. Las moscas fueron almacenadas en tubos Eppendorf con alcohol etílico al 70%, para su posterior procesamiento. En el laboratorio, las moscas fueron identificadas, y se les retiraron y contaron los ácaros que ellas portaban en su zona ventral. Luego, los ácaros fueron almacenados en alcohol al etílico 70%, para luego ser aclarados en láminas portaobjetos e identificados al microscopio de luz. Resultados. Se identificó un total de 15 especímenes de un ácaro del orden Mesostigmata, familia Macrochelidae de la especie Macrocheles muscaedomesticae, parasitando las moscas S. calcitrans. Conclusiones. Se reporta por primera vez la asociación parasítica entre ácaros foréticos Macrocheles muscaedomesticae y la “mosca de los establos” Stomoxys calcitrans en Sabanalarga, Antioquia-Colombia.

Este ensayo aborda una interpretación de la violencia, la criminalidad y la corrupción en la sociedad, a partir del estudio de un cúmulo de fuentes de diversa índole, y del análisis crítico de las interpretaciones vigentes. Por ello, se discuten, con cierto detalle, los efectos perniciosos del predominio del platonismo en la interpretación de dichas fuentes, y se propone, de la mano de Nietzsche y del pensamiento evolucionista, un abordaje del problema, que, apoyado en la perspectiva del platonismo invertido planteado por el filósofo, concibe la sociedad como un ecosistema, esto es, un sistema vivo, donde cada individuo debe enfrentar el reto de sobrevivir, arreglándoselas para obtener recursos que aseguren su existencia. Así, hemos identificado diferentes modos de supervivencia y los hemos clasificado en tres categorías: 1) generadores (creadores-productores); 2) saqueadores (parásitos, predadores y oportunistas) y, 3) simbiontes (mutualistas y leoninos).

We conducted a paleoparasitological study on sediment samples from two trash pits and a cesspool, collected during an archaeological assessment of a building located in the historic downtown of the city of Córdoba, Argentina. People have used these premises for residential and commercial purposes since the beginning of the seventeenth century, although the samples analyzed correspond to nineteenth-century contexts. Light microscopy examination revealed the presence of parasite eggs of whipworm (Trichuris sp.), possibly roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), and tapeworm (taeniid). The presence of these fecal-oral and food-borne transmitted helminths supports other lines of evidence that indicate poor sanitation and hygiene habits and inadequate food processing, which may have contributed to the high incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal diseases recorded at that time. The paleoparasitological data agree with the historical information on the health status of the populations that inhabited the city of Córdoba in the past, especially in relation to their habits and diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des pays Tropicaux is the property of CIRAD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an agricultural and nuisance pest in Georgia and Alabama, USA. Natural enemies may provide significant suppression of the brown marmorated stink bug, and sentinel egg masses are deployed commonly on plants in the field to measure their effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of deployment duration (2–5 d) on parasitism and predation of brown marmorated stink bug sentinel egg masses in plum, peach, blueberry, tomato, sassafras, corn, and soybean in these 2 states. Retrieved egg masses were processed to quantify rates of predation and parasitism and identify parasitoid species and predation types. Across crops, predation and parasitism were higher significantly in plum at 5 d compared to 2 d deployment but was similar in soybean regardless of exposure time in 2017. Predation and parasitism were higher significantly after 5 d of exposure compared to 2 d and 3 d whereas parasitism was significantly higher at 3 d compared to 2 d exposure in 2018 to 2020. For individual crop trials, though, effects of time of exposure were tested in different yr, sampling dates, and crops with variable results. When significant differences were detected for parasitism in plum, peach, tomato, and sassafras, a 5 d deployment resulted in higher parasitism compared to 2 d. Given the variability of factors that affect parasitism and predation under field conditions, we conclude that a 5 d deployment is optimal and a 3 d exposure time is minimal for assessing predation and parasitism. An additional benefit for a 5 d exposure is that it increases the probability of detecting hyperparasitism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Ecuador, knowledge of isopod parasitism on fish is scarce. To date, only four species of this order are known to parasitize fish in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Here we present the first infestation records of Telotha henselii on loricariids in the Ecuadorian Amazon region, based on specimens collected in the Quimi River, southeast of the country. Telotha henselii is a hematophagous ectoparasite, located mainly in the gill cavity or in the musculature of fish. Parasitic intensity varied from one to two isopods per host and the prevalence was 16.6 % in Chaetostoma breve and 12.5 % in Chaetostoma carrioni. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO Seiscentos primatas neotropicais foram submetidos a exames post mortem para avaliação da prevalência parasitária de helmintos gastrointestinais. Foram examinados 556 calitriquídeos (Callithrix spp.), 23 bugios (Alouatta guariba), 19 macacos-pregos (Sapajus nigritus), um mico-leão-dourado (Leontopithecus rosalia) e um mico-leão-da-cara-dourada (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). Do total de 600 animais, foram encontrados espécimes parasitos pertencentes aos filos Acanthocephala, Nemathelmintes e Platyhelminthes (classes Trematoda e Cestoda) em 110 primatas. A prevalência de primatas positivos para, pelo menos, uma espécie de helminto foi de 18,3% (110/600), sendo destes 83,6% (92/110) calitriquídeos, 8,2% (9/110) bugios, 6,4% (7/110) macacos-pregos, 0,9% (1/110) mico-leão-dourado e 0,9% (1/110) mico-leão-da-cara dourada. Em 80,4% (74/92) dos calitriquídeos foram encontrados nematoides Primasubulura sp. e em 1,1% (1/92) nematoides Trypanoxyuris callithrix, em 26,1% (24/92) acantocéfalos (Pachysentis sp.) e em 5,4% (5/92) digenéticos (Platynosomum sp.); em 77,8% (7/9) dos bugios foram encontrados nematoides (Trypanoxyuris minutus), em 11,1% (1/9) acantocéfalos (Pachysentis sp.) e em 11,1% (1/9) cestoides (Bertiella sp.); em 14,3% (1/7) dos macacos-pregos foram encontrados nematoides (Physaloptera sp.), em 28,6% (2/7) acantocéfalos (Prostenorchis sp.) e em 14,3% (1/7) digenéticos (Platynosomum sp.) e no mico-leão-da-cara-dourada foram encontrados acantocéfalos (Prostenorchis sp.). Foi realizado o georreferenciamento dos pontos de encontro dos cadáveres para pontuar a distribuição dos helmintos por região.

El ectoparasitismo es un tipo de relación simbiótica negativa en la que el hospedador es afectado por la presencia del parásito. Aquí, reportamos por primera vez un caso de ectoparasitismo de la mosca piojo Ornithoctona erythrocephala en Elaenia albiceps, en los Andes del sur de Ecuador a más de 2.600 m de altitud. Se describe la especie ectoparásita, su hospedador, y se discuten sus efectos potenciales en aves silvestres, los cuales pueden estar ligados a patologías y mortalidad, pero también, pueden cumplir roles importantes en la naturaleza como la regulación poblacional, manteniendo la salud de los ecosistemas.

Este levantamento tem como objetivo apresentar laudos e outras informações dos mielogramas realizados nos anos de 2017 e 2018 no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, com ênfase nos animais portadores de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC), a fim de constatar e relatar a quantidade de pacientes que apresentam a infecção por Leishmania spp., analisando também os resultados de outros exames citológicos e sorológicos desses animais para comparação e pontuação da precisão diagnóstica e alterações laboratoriais séricas e microscópicas mais comuns causadas por esta enfermidade, respectivamente. Observaram-se alterações em hemograma e mielograma, porém animais com baixo grau de parasitismo não apresentaram Leishmania spp. em seus exames de medula óssea.

Las arañas son ovíparas, colocan sus huevos de forma agrupada cubiertos por una o varias capas de hilos de seda que forman un ovisaco. La cantidad de huevos dentro de estos ovisacos dependen de la especie de araña y secundariamente de la alimentación de la madre. Los ovisacos protegen los huevos de condiciones ambientales adversas y del ataque de hongos, sin embargo, resultan inefectivos contra algunos insectos. Argiope argentata es una especie de Araneidae que se distribuye desde Estados Unidos hasta Chile y Argentina, es relativamente grande y fácilmente reconocible por su coloración, genitalia y forma característica del abdomen. A pesar de ser una especie de amplia distribución, no hay información sobre los insectos que se alimentan de sus huevos. Se describen las interacciones ecológicas de depredación y parasitismo entre insectos y ovisacos de la araña Argiope argentata (Araneae: Araneidae) recolectados en tres localidades de Panamá. Por primera vez se reportan en huevos de A. argentata a la avispa endoparasitoide Baeus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), los depredadores Sarcophaga (Mehria) silbergliedi (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) y dos especies de Cryptinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), una de las cuales pertenece al género Lymeon sp. Adicionalmente, se reportan tres especies del género Conura (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae): C. nigrifrons, C. amoena y C. abdominalis como parasitoides de pupas de Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae).

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el parasitismo de Encarsia citrina (Signoret) sobre Hemiberlesia lataniae (Crawford) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), en cultivo de “palto”, en la localidad de Huancaquito Alto, provincia de Virú, departamento de La Libertad, Perú. El muestreo se realizó entre marzo y julio del 2019, con un intervalo de una semana, para lo cual se escogieron 10 plantas del palto para la evaluación, y se tomó 20 frutos y 20 ramas. Se realizaron 12 evaluaciones in situ y se trasladaron las muestras biológicas en bolsas de papel al laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, para su respectiva determinación y recuperación de los parasitoides. Se encontró que el porcentaje de parasitismo promedio de E. citrina sobre H. lataniae en frutos de palto, fue de 26,27 y en ramas de palto fue de 41,36. Se construyeron tablas, figuras y se encontraron los estadísticos poblacionales.

En Ecuador, el conocimiento del parasitismo de isópodos sobre peces es escaso. Hasta la fecha, se tiene conocimiento de que únicamente cuatro especies de este orden parasitan peces en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. En este artículo, se reportan los primeros registros de infestación de Telotha henselii sobre loricáridos para la región Amazónica ecuatoriana, con base en especímenes recolectados en el Río Quimi, sureste del país. Telotha henselii es un ectoparásito hematófago, que se localiza principalmente en la cavidad branquial o en la musculatura de los peces. La intensidad parasitaria varió de uno a dos isópodos por hospedero y la prevalencia fue de 16.6 % en Chaetostoma breve y 12.5 % en Chaetostoma carrioni.

Introducción. El picudo del chile, Anthonomus eugenii, es considerada una de las plagas más importantes en el cultivo del chile (Capsicum spp.). Objetivo. Determinar los parasitoides de A. eugenii en México y su potencial como agentes de control biológico. Métodos. Se realizaron recolectas de frutos de chile infestados con picudo en 14 estados, y se calculó el parasitismo en campo y laboratorio. Resultados y discusión. Se obtuvieron ocho especies de parasitoides: Bracon sp., Triaspis eugenii, Urosigalphus nr. mexicanus, Ceratoneura petiolata, Baryscapus sp., Jaliscoa hunteri, Eupelmus cushmani y Eurytoma tylodermatis, estas especies ya se habían reportado, aunque con una distribución más limitada (Rodríguez-Leyva et al., 2012). El porcentaje de parasitismo más elevado en campo se registró con T. eugenii (40%) y coincide con lo registrado por Toapanta (2001). Le siguió J. hunteri (12.9%) y U. nr mexicanus (10.7%), aunque otros autores señalaron que con J. hunteri no se encontró parasitismo en frutos de diámetros >2.5 cm (Riley y Schuster, 1992). En laboratorio, el parasitismo sobre A. eugenii con dos parasitoides evaluados, J. hunteri (ovipositor corto) y Bracon sp. 2 (ovipositor largo), fue mayor en la variedad chile de árbol, y J. hunteri logró parasitar 8.5% más larvas que Bracon sp. 2. En pimiento y jalapeño, Bracon sp. 2 obtuvo 10 y 7% más parasitismo, respectivamente, en contraste con J. hunteri. Conclusión. El tamaño del ovipositor y la talla de frutos influyen en el parasitismo. En chile de árbol el control biológico es más factible que en chile jalapeño y pimiento.

RESUMEN Diversos estudios comparativos han demostrado que los hospedadores machos no sólo podrían albergar más parásitos que las hembras, sino también tener un rol en la estructura de la población de nematodes. Debido a esto, debatimos la función que tiene el sexo en el parasitismo en una población de anfibios en un sector del monte. Analizamos el contenido gastrointestinal en busca de endoparásitos de 43 ejemplares de Pleurodema nebulosum (Burmeister, 1861), 38 adultos (26 machos y 12 hembras) y 5 juveniles. Nuestros resultados indicaron que únicamente machos se encontraban parasitados asociado con una curva correspondiente a un modelo parasitismo/ rango - edad tipo III. Aplectana nebulosa Piñeiro-Gómez, González & Sanabria, 2017 (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) presenta un patrón de distribución agregado ajustado a un modelo Poisson. Pleurodema nebulosum (Anura: Leptodactylidae) es oportunista para reproducirse en periodos de lluvia, debido a esto nosotros proponemos como hipótesis que el momento de infección por nematodes probablemente ocurra durante estos cortos periodos en lagunas temporales formadas. El parasitismo en machos podría estar relacionado a factores hormonales debido al periodo reproductivo. Por lo tanto el sexo sería un factor importante en la estructuración de las poblaciones parásitas de esta especie de anfibio.

The antagonistic capacity of native strains of Trichoderma spp. against Verticillium dahliae, under different culture and incubation conditions. The isolation and molecular identification of antagonistic native strains and the phytopathogen were carried out. They were evaluated in two in vitro tests, using ADP culture medium in two pH conditions and incubated under two lighting conditions. By means of dual culture techniques, a trial was carried out with a completely randomized design with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, and microcultures. The antagonistic capacity of two native strains of Trichoderma, TT (T. hamatum) and M5A (T. hamatum) on the native phytopathogen strain (Verticillium dahliae) was evaluated. The results obtained showed that the TT strain at pH 6.5 with 16 h light / 8 h Darkness had the shortest Contact Time and the highest Growth Inhibition Percentage with 8 h of light /16 h. of darkness. Class 1 was obtained in both tests and treatments, both being efficient in the competition for substrate and space. It was observed that the native strain M5A and the standard strain TT, parasitize the phytopathogen. Therefore, it is concluded that the TT strain has greater antagonistic attributes against the phytopathogen V. dahliae, under conditions of 8 h light / 16 h dark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasites are an important component of the global biomass, having significant roles in several regulatory mechanisms in the ecosystem. Parasitism is one of the most common ecological interactions on the planet. Studies have shown that the helminth fauna of only 8% of amphibian species in Brazil have been studied, and this percentage is lower for the Odontophrynidae family, with only four of the 50 species kown to occur in Brazil having been investigated. Here, we present the helminth fauna of Proceratophrys ararype, an anuran endemic to the "Brejo de Altitude" Chapada do Araripe (Araripe Plateau), northeastern Brazil. The infection parameters analyzed were prevalence, mean intensity of infection and mean abundance of parasites. We used the Pearson's linear correlation coefficient to check the correlations between the abundance of the parasites with the snout-vent length (SVL) of hosts. To verify the degree of aggregation of parasites in hosts, we used the dispersion index. Out of 40 specimens examined, 19 specimens were infected with at least one parasite. The overall prevalence was 47.5% with a mean infection intensity of 18.93 ± 10.77. The endoparasitic community associated with P. ararype consisted of six species of parasites, with Falcaustra mascula having the highest prevalence (25%). Most parasites had a uniform dispersion index in the hosts and their abundance was unrelated to host size. Here, we also present a compilation of all parasites associated with host species of the genus Proceratophrys from South America. Overall, we found 23 species of parasites associated with five host species (P. ararype, P. appendiculata, P. boiei, P. cristiceps, P. mantiqueira). Of these, two species of parasites (Oswaldocruzia mazzai and Strongyloides sp.) represent new records for the genus Proceratophrys. Our results demonstrate the lack of studies on amphibian helminth fauna and fill an important knowledge gap on the diversity of parasites of Proceratophrys ararype, an endemic frog from the Araripe Plateau, northeastern Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: las enfermedades parasitarias constituyen un importante problema de salud pública por su elevada morbilidad, mortalidad y potencial incapacitante en el ser humano y por su difícil control dado los variados y complicados ciclos de vida. Objetivo: presentar una reflexión desde la perspectiva técnica-científica de la aplicabilidad como material para guiones de película de ciencia ficción, de las características biológicas de varios parásitos que afectan al ser humano y a los animales con el fin de disminuir o atenuar el problema sanitario que para la salud pública representan los mismos. Método: estudio basado en el examen de una película de ciencia ficción y en la revisión documental sobre relaciones parasitarias con base en el análisis-sintético, la inducción-deducción, la observación y el enfoque sistémico. Resultados: del análisis se desprenden los siguientes aspectos: el parasitismo en la ciencia ficción y el parásito como manipulador de la conducta del hospedador. Conclusiones: algunas películas de ciencia ficción se centran de forma no intencional en las relaciones entre parásito y hospedador, pues hacen evidente la manipulación parasitaria de la conducta del hospedador en busca de incrementar su transmisión, por tanto, las películas pueden constituirse en un elemento importante de los programas educativos de control, se refuerza así el papel del cine como medio audiovisual para el éxito de los planes de salud.

Dentro del campo disciplinar de la filosofía, la argumentación ha sido considerada como un tema esencialmente lógico-analítico. No obstante, tal abordaje no proporciona una comprensión de la práctica argumental tal como se despliega en las situaciones de conflicto. Desde una perspectiva pragmática, es posible identificar argumentaciones formalmente correctas que, sin embargo, inducen a convencimientos forzados y violencias epistemológicas. En este artículo, se toman como foco de análisis crítico las denominadas “racionalizaciones vertiginosas”, las cuales se sustentan en una lógica epistemicida criterial que termina siendo parasitaria para la toma de decisiones. Las mismas contrastan significativamente con procesos argumentativos planteados desde un pluralismo cognitivo que acepta la incertidumbre, la informalidad y la subdeterminación de los argumentos como parte constitutiva de los encuentros dialógicos reales. Se propone que, en tanto condición de posibilidad de la deliberación y la acción colectiva, la argumentación es un proceso regido por reglas, pero también por virtudes cultivables en una cultura auténticamente democrática.

A Mieloencefalite Protozoária Equina é uma doença que acomete os equinos e asininos pela ocorrência e formação de cistos na medula espinhal e sistema nervoso central de merozoítos de Sarcocystis neurona e Neospora hughesi. De maneira geral, equinos são hospedeiros intermediários acidentais de S. neurona quando ingerem oocistos liberados nas fezes de gambás (Didelphis spp.) que são os hospedeiros definitivos. Embora a ocorrência e associação da doença já tenham sido feita com N. hughesi, a biologia e transmissão do agente não são totalmente esclarecidos, embora devam se assemelhar a Neospora caninum. O quadro clínico em equinos cursa com sintomatologia de ordem neurológica e o prognóstico não é favorável. Alguns casos da doença já foram descobertos na mesorregião do Sudoeste Goiano, embora os dados não tenham sido publicados, o que tem chamado a atenção de médicos veterinários e pesquisadores da região. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho de conclusão de curso é fazer uma revisão sobre a Mieloencefalite Protozoária Equina, explicando aspectos de etiologia, biologia, epidemiologia, patogenia, sinais clínicos, diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção da doença.