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Blasting is one of the most important stages in the productive process of a mine due to its direct impact on rock fragmentation, which determines the degree of productivity of operations and the extraction costs generated. In this scenario, an optimized methodology is presented for designing blasting meshes by using mathematical models that help calculate the geometric parameters of a blasting mesh, such as burden, considering the variables of the rock mass and the type of explosive to measure its impact on rock fragmentation and loading productivity (tons/hour). The main advantage of this method is the reliability of the design, which takes into account a greater number of variables that influence fragmentation and uses the principle of distribution and amount of energy in an optimal way. The results obtained in the case of application show that a change in design (2.7 x 2.7 square mesh to 2.2 x 2.5 triangular mesh) reduces P80 by 65%, from 17 to 6 inches, approximately. Additionally, the results show that greater operational efficiency was achieved by increasing excavator productivity by approximately 15.6%.

Introduction:Currently, there are no known risk factors for postoperative complications and mortality in patients who are undergoing surgery for a complicated abdominal wall hernia operated emergency through a hernioplasty with mesh. The main objective is to determine the risk factors for presenting a complication during the postoperative period in patients undergoing emergency with a diagnosis of complicated abdominal wall hernia by a hernioplasty with mesh in the Base HospitalOsorno (HBO) between the years 2002 and 2008.Material and methods:retrospective cohort study. We selected patients older than 14 years operated by hernial pathology of the registration of surgeries of the Emergency Service at the Hospital Base Osorno (HBO) between the years 2002 and 2008. We excluded those operated without mesh. It was felt the risk, using odds ratio (OR) and its confidence interval of 95%. Software used: Stata 10.0.Results:The cohort included 52 patients, median age 64 years (26-85). The 50% (26 patients) were male. The most frequent location hernia was the groin with 23 cases (44.23%). 49 (94.23%) hernias were catalogd as stuck and 3 (5.77%) as being strangled. Operative morbidity 17.31% (9 patients). Median follow-up, 32 (5-90%) months. Only the installation of drainage turned out to be significant (p, Introducción:Actualmente, no se conocen los factores de riesgo de morbimortalidad postoperatoria en los pacientes que son intervenidos por una hernia de pared abdominal complicada operada de urgencia mediante una hernioplastía con malla. El objetivo principal es determinar los factores de riesgo de presentar una complicación durante el postoperatorio, en pacientes operados de urgencia con diagnóstico de hernia de pared abdominal complicada mediante una hernioplastía con malla en el Hospital Base Osorno (HBO) entre los años 2002 y 2008.Material y métodos:Cohorte retrospectiva. Se seleccionaron los pacientes mayores de 14 años operados por patología herniaria del registro de cirugías del Servicio de Urgencia del Hospital Base Osorno (HBO) entre los años 2002 y 2008. Se excluyeron a aquellos operados sin malla. Se estimó el riesgo, mediante Odds ratio (OR) y su intervalo de confianza 95%. Software utilizado: Stata 10.0.Resultados:La cohorte incluyó 52 pacientes, mediana de edad 64 años (26-85). El 50% (26 pacientes) fueron de sexo masculino. La ubicación herniaria más frecuente fue la inguinal con 23 casos (44,23%). 49 (94,23%) hernias se catalogaron como atascadas y 3 (5,77%) como estranguladas. Morbilidad operatoria 17,31% (9 pacientes). Mediana de seguimiento, 32 (5-90) meses. Sólo la instalación de drenaje resultó ser significativa (p

Introduction: Migrants are overrepresented in the European HIV epidemic. We aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to HIV testing and current treatment and healthcare needs of migrants living with HIV in Europe. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 57 HIV clinics in nine countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and United Kingdom), July 2013 to July 2015. HIV-positive patients were eligible for inclusion if they were as follows: 18 years or older; foreign-born residents and diagnosed within five years of recruitment. Questionnaires were completed electronically in one of 15 languages and linked to clinical records. Primary outcomes were access to primary care and previous negative HIV test. Data were analysed using random effects logistic regression. Outcomes of interest are presented for women, heterosexual men and gay/bisexual men. Results: A total of 2093 respondents (658 women, 446 heterosexual men and 989 gay/bisexual men) were included. The prevalence of a previous negative HIV test was 46.7%, 43.4% and 82.0% for women, heterosexual and gay/bisexual men respectively. In multivariable analysis previous testing was positively associated with: receipt of post-migration antenatal care among women, permanent residency among heterosexual men and identifying as gay rather than bisexual among gay/bisexual men. Access to primary care was found to be high (>83%) in all groups and was strongly associated with country of residence. Late diagnosis was common for women and heterosexual men (60.8% and 67.1%, respectively) despite utilization of health services prior to diagnosis. Across all groups almost three-quarters of people on antiretrovirals had an HIV viral load

Objective: We aimed to estimate the proportion of postmigration HIV acquisition among HIV-positive migrants in Europe. Design: To reach HIV-positive migrants, we designed a cross-sectional study performed in HIV clinics. Methods: The study was conducted from July 2013 to July 2015 in 57 clinics (nine European countries), targeting individuals over 18 years diagnosed in the preceding 5 years and born abroad. Electronic questionnaires supplemented with clinical data were completed in any of 15 languages. Postmigration HIV acquisition was estimated through Bayesian approaches combining extensive information on migration and patients' characteristics. CD4+ cell counts and HIV-RNA trajectories from seroconversion were estimated by bivariate linear mixed models fitted to natural history data. Postmigration acquisition risk factors were investigated with weighted logistic regression. Results: Of 2009 participants, 46% were MSM and a third originated from sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America & Caribbean, respectively. Median time in host countries was 8 years. Postmigration HIV acquisition was 63% (95% confidence interval: 57-67%); 72% among MSM, 58 and 51% in heterosexual men and women, respectively. Postmigration HIV acquisition was 71% for Latin America and Caribbean migrants and 45% for people from sub-Saharan Africa. Factors associated with postmigration HIV acquisition among heterosexual women and MSM were age at migration, length of stay in host country and HIV diagnosis year and among heterosexual men, length of stay in host country and HIV diagnosis year. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of HIV-positive migrants living in Europe acquired HIV postmigration. This has important implications for European public health policies. Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Los primeros estudios del cuerpo dentro de las ciencias humanas, a comienzos del siglo XX, se iniciaron desde la antropología, seguidos por las aportaciones provenientes de otras disciplinas como la sociología, la lingüística y la historia. En la actualidad, su análisis transita por una perspectiva transdisciplinaria, que considera el cuerpo desde múltiples niveles y dimensiones. En el presente artículo se realiza un recorrido que va desde los planteamientos de los primeros investigadores hasta las disertaciones más recientes en el contexto de la modernidad tardía. The first studies of the body within the human sciences, at the beginning of the twentieth century, began from the anthropology, followed by the contributions coming from other disciplines as the sociology, the linguistics and the history. At present, its analysis goes through a transdisciplinary perspective which considers the body from multiple levels and dimensions. In this paper a tour is performed which goes from the expositions of the first researchers up to the most recent dissertations in the context of late modernity. 95-117 gustavoparedesv@hotmail.com giordanaca@hotmail.com Semestral

Introduction: Currently, there are no known risk factors for postoperative complications and mortality in patients who are undergoing surgery for a complicated abdominal wall hernia operated emergency through a hernioplasty with mesh. The main objective is to determine the risk factors for presenting a complication during the postoperative period in patients undergoing emergency with a diagnosis of complicated abdominal wall hernia by a hernioplasty with mesh in the Base Hospital 1 Universidad Austral de Chile. Campo Clinico Osorno 2 Servicio de Cirugia Urgencia. Hospital Base Osorno. 3 Servicio de Cirugia. Hospital Base Osorno. 4 Epidemiologa. Correspondencia a: Dr. Francisco Venturelli, fcoventurelli@gmail.com ARTICULO DE INVESTIGACION Cuad. Cir. 2011; 25: 11-17 11

To analyze the acute effects of a single bout of the squat exercise performed with an eccentric overload (using an isoinertial device) on muscle oxygenation and CMJ height.

En el presente artículo se hace una disertación de la categoría de sistema de atención a la salud, partiendo de su definición y de los elementos que la integran. Seguidamente se hace una análisis de tres sistemas de atención a la salud, a saber: popular, biomédico y de la autoatención, exponiendo sus principales características y conformación histórica, destacando la importancia del sistema de la autoatención para la comprensión de las prácticas reales que las personas llevan a cabo en el camino a la curación, espacio donde se intercambian los contenidos de los diferentes sistemas en el marco del sincretismo cultural de las sociedades latinoamericanas. In the present article is done a dissertation of the category health care system, from its definition and of the elements that integrate it. Immediately becomes an analysis of three health care systems, namely: popular, biomedical and of the autoattention, exposing its main characteristics and historical constitution, highlighting its importance in the comprehension of the royal practices that the persons carry out in the road to healing, space where the contents of the different systems are exchanged under the cultural syncretism of Latin American societies. 91-105 gustavoparedesv@hotmail.com Semestral

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El objetivo principal de este artículo es presentar un estudio histórico de la Antropología de la Salud y la Enfermedad, desde los pioneros y precursores de finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, hasta su consolidación como subdisciplina dentro de la antropología a mediados del siglo pasado. Al mismo tiempo se hace un análisis de tres de sus principales enfoques teóricos, a saber: ecológico, interpretativo y crítico, para concluir con los cuestionamientos recíprocos entre ellos, lo que ha enriquecido en los últimos años la comprensión del proceso salud- enfermedad. The main goal of this paper is to present a historical study of the Anthropology of Health and Illness, since the pioneers and precursors of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, until its consolidation as a subdiscipline within of anthropology in middle of last century. At the same time it does an analysis of its three main theoretical approaches, namely ecological, interpretive and critical, concluding with reciprocal questioning between them, which has enriched in recent years the understanding of the health-disease process. 87-99 gustavoparedesv@hotmail.com Trimestral

A numerical technique is presented for the thermal force exerted on a solid particle by a gaseous medium between two flat plates at different temperatures, in the free molecular or transition flow. This is a two-dimensional molecular-dynamics simulation of hard disks in a inhomogeneous thermal environment. All steady-state features exhibited by the compressible hard-disk gas are shown to be consistent with the expected behaviors. Moreover the thermal force experienced by a large solid disk is investigated, and compared to the analytical case of cylinders moving perpendicularly to the constant temperature gradient for an infinite Knudsen number and in an infinite medium. We show precise examples of how this technique can be used simply to investigate more difficult practical problems, in particluar the influence of nonlinear gradients for large applied differences of temperature, of proximity of the walls, and of smaller Knudsen numbers.

Findings from a survey on sources of income and land allocation outcomes of 578 households from 26 communities with diverse ethnic composition at distinct environmental settings in Ucayali (Peruvian Amazon) are used to contrast livelihood strategies featuring high forest and high agriculture dependency, examining whether agricultural intensification can be linked to lower deforestation. A typology of households based on their land use allocation profile was used to assess current and cumulative cleared land. Recently cleared areas by households oriented to perennials, semi-perennials and pastures were similar to those focusing on annual crops. Multiple class comparisons provided evidence that land use intensification is not associated to land sparing. Near 40% of the households＇ annual income was derived from forests, followed by agriculture (25%), wages (17%) and livestock (11%). Income structure was used to determine high dependency on forests and on agriculture, featured by respectively 24% and 17% of the households, while 10% relied mostly on wages and/or businesses and half of them had a balanced income structure. Results indicate different expressions of the criticality of forest products, highlighting livelihood strategies based on the integration of income sources. Moreover, the study shows that despite the relevance of forest products, mestizo and indigenous livelihoods heavily depend on agriculture. Policy interventions aimed at environmental conservation and economic development will only be successful when strengthening the integration between agriculture and forest use featured by different social groups in the Amazon.

Comparación de las variables cinemáticas y de frecuencia cardiaca en dos posesiones en fútbol

Utilización del gps en la recuperación de lesiones en fútbol

En el siguiente artículo se exponen las ideas de Auguste Comte sobre la Filosofía de la Historia a través de la Ley de los Tres Estados, analizando los rasgos distintivos de cada etapa, en especial el tipo de conocimiento que le acompaña. De igual manera, se presentan los diferentes criterios establecidos por Comte para clasifi car y jerarquizar las ciencias, hasta llegar a lo que él consideraba la física social o lo que posteriormente defi nió como sociología. The following article discusses Auguste Comte’s ideas about the philosophy of history on the law of States three, analyzing the distinctive traits of each stage, especially the kind of knowledge that accompanies. Similarly, different criteria established by Comte to sort and rank the sciences, to what he considered the social physics or who subsequently defi ned as sociology are presented. 13-22 gustavoparedesv@ hotmail.com giordanaca@hotmail.com

Se evaluo un nuevo programa de vacunacion contra la Enfermedad Infecciosa de la Bursa que contenia la vacuna complejo virus-anticuerpo en comparacion con un programa tradicional bajo condiciones de campo. En cada grupo se utilizo 21,800 pollos de engorde de ambos sexos de la linea Cobb Vantress 500. El grupo experimental recibio un complejo virus-anticuerpo en la planta de incubacion a los 18 dias de desarrollo embrionario, y el grupo control recibio dos vacunas a virus vivo, Bursine®2 y Bursa Blen, administradas por agua de bebida a los 8 y 19 dias de edad, respectivamente. Se determino en forma semanal y hasta los 47 dias de edad, en ambos grupos, el peso corporal, indice de conversion alimenticia (ICA), indice de eficiencia productiva europeo (IEPE), mortalidad, indice bursal, lesiones histopatologicas y niveles de anticuerpos contra el VEIB. Las aves del grupo experimental tuvieron un mejor peso corporal a los 47 dias de edad (p