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An abstract of the article "Normal, abnormal and aberrant fetal left brachiocephalic vein: a tool to depict superior vena cava anomalies, an aneuploidy marker to investigate," by E. Varvarigos and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the article "V-mode and B-mode in differential diagnosis among hydrocephalic persistent Blake's pouch, non-HDC persistent Blake's pouch and Dandy-Walker complex," by E. Varvarigos and colleagues is presented.

Background: Rocabado's hyoid triangle is the only cephalometric parameter that can assess the effects of orthodontic treatment on tongue posture., Aim: To evaluate the restoration of tongue posture and function by conducting a cephalometric assessment of the hyoid triangle before and after rapid maxillary expansion., Methods: Sixty-four healthy patients aged 6-11 years with skeletal class II malocclusion, mixed dentition, and infantile swallowing took part in this study. They submitted to lateral cephalometric radiography before and after orthodontic maxillary rapid expansion, in order to assess the resulting changes in the proportions of the hyoid triangle (following Rocabado's parameters). The cephalometric findings were compared according to sex, age, and divergence using the chi-square McNemar test at the 5% significance level (p<0.05)., Results: The orthodontic treatment resulted an improvement from skeletal class II malocclusion to class I, with elimination of infantile swallowing in 81.8% of male patients [95% confidence interval (CI)=61.5-92.7%], in 87.1% of patients aged 6-7 years (95% CI=71.1-94.9%)., Conclusions: This cephalometric analysis revealed that the hyoid triangle was modified by the orthodontic maxillary expansion, reconditioning of tongue posture and function particularly among male, aged 6-7 years old with skeletal class II malocclusion, mixed dentition, and infantile swallowing.

Aim: The purpose of this retrospective case study is to describe the body mass index in a group of children, from 3 to 6 years old with ECC and a similar group of caries-free children., Materials and Methods: This case-control analysis involves two groups of children: the first was of 244 healthy children, 3 to 6 year-old and caries-free; the second was of 586 otherwise healthy children, same age, with Early Childhood Caries divided into three subgroups according the AAPD definition. Demographics, dmft, number teeth with pulpal involvement, BMI percentile, weight at birth, weight and height of both parents were measured during the clinical evaluation. Statistical analyses were performed using standard statistical software (SPSS Version 13). BMI distribution of the subjects with caries was graphically compared with the use of confidence intervals to a similar caries-free sample., Results: Results are expressed as mean ± SD and frequencies (percentages), depending on the data type. The distribution of BMI percentiles of the ECC group was: underweight = 10%; normal weight = 55.90%; at risk of overweight = 22.22 %; overweight = 11.11%. Significantly, more children in the case group were underweight than in the control group (10% vs. 4.94%)., Conclusion: The ECC population does not have a typical weight distribution, and the underweight finding in a significant number of Severe ECC (S-ECC) children may be due to the chewing alteration related to the dental pain due to caries and to missing teeth after hard tissues breakdown.

OBJECTIVES.: The aim of this work is to describe the problems of child dentistry affected by Klinefelter's syndrome. METHODOS.: Through the presentation of a clinical case that was followed by a Pediatric Dentistry, University Sapienza of Rome. RESULT.: Interceptive therapy aims to eliminate the functional interference that occurs during growth. CONCLUSION.: For this reason it's a must for the dentist to carefully monitor the oral health of the small patient immediately.