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To realize the commercialization of nonfullerene acceptor‐based efficient organic solar cells, a low‐cost and indium‐tin‐oxide‐free (ITO‐free) flexible electrode‐based module that can be produced by roll‐to‐roll production should be developed. However, the low surface energy of ITO‐free electrodes hinders the formation of a uniform charge transport layer through solution processing; this is the main cause of the efficiency drop. Herein, the realization of a highly uniform ZnO bilayer on an ultrathin Ag film‐based transparent electrode that is suitable for flexible substrates and large‐area organic photovoltaic (OPV) module fabrication is demonstrated. Based on the sputtered ZnO and blade‐coated ZnO nanoparticle‐based electron transport bilayer, large OPV module areas of 528.5 and 108 cm2 with high efficiencies of 7.67% and 9.15%, respectively, are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper-mediated Michael addition of ethyl bromodifluoroacetate to Michael acceptors is accompanied by the formation of a substantial amount of byproducts. Elucidation of their structure hinted the cause of their formation, from which we discovered a highly improved and robust protocol by treatment with protic additives such as H&sub2;O and AcOH. This modification led to significant increase of yield with concomitant decreased use of reagent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize the commercialization of nonfullerene acceptor‐based efficient organic solar cells, a low‐cost and indium‐tin‐oxide‐free (ITO‐free) flexible electrode‐based module that can be produced by roll‐to‐roll production should be developed. However, the low surface energy of ITO‐free electrodes hinders the formation of a uniform charge transport layer through solution processing; this is the main cause of the efficiency drop. Herein, the realization of a highly uniform ZnO bilayer on an ultrathin Ag film‐based transparent electrode that is suitable for flexible substrates and large‐area organic photovoltaic (OPV) module fabrication is demonstrated. Based on the sputtered ZnO and blade‐coated ZnO nanoparticle‐based electron transport bilayer, large OPV module areas of 528.5 and 108 cm2 with high efficiencies of 7.67% and 9.15%, respectively, are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cutaneous malignancy. BCCs occur mainly in exposed areas, such as the face and scalp. Therefore, surgical resection with narrow margins is highly desirable. However, narrow margins may increase the risk of positive histopathological margins. Outcomes for such treatment might be unfavorable, but evidence for such a conclusion is lacking., Methods: Between April 2015 and November 2023, a total of 230 Japanese cases with BCC which underwent surgical resection with 2-mm, 3-mm, or 5-mm margins were followed in our hospital. We conducted a retrospective review that focused on the recurrence rate and histopathological margins., Results: Recurrence was recorded if the follow-up time was longer than 3 months. One of the 198 cases (0.5%) developed a recurrence. The mean lateral and deep histopathological margins were 2,525.4 μm (30.8-14,034.6 μm) and 3,409 μm (199.9-16,523.6 μm), respectively. Recurrence rate was associated with tumor size and clinical tumor border. However, histopathological margin was not associated with recurrence rate, even when it was less than 1,000 μm., Conclusions: A narrow histopathological margin is acceptable for surgical resection of BCC in Japanese patients.

Salts and cocrystals are multicomponent crystals that can be distinguished by the location of the proton between an acid and a base. At the salt end of the spectrum proton transfer is complete, and on the opposite end proton transfer is absent in cocrystals. However, for acid-base complexes with similar pK(a) values, the extent of proton transfer in the solid state is not predictable and a continuum exists between the two extremes. For these systems, both the DeltapK(a) value (pK(a) of base - pK(a) of acid) and the crystalline environment determine the extent of proton transfer. A total of 20 complexes containing theophylline and guest molecules with DeltapK(a) values less than 3 have been prepared, resulting in 13 cocrystals, five salts, and two complexes with mixed ionization states based on IR spectroscopy and single-crystal diffraction data. We propose modifications to the DeltapK(a) rule for selecting salt screen counterions that focus on the discovery of solid forms with useful physical properties rather than an arbitrary cutoff value for DeltapK(a).

Three new dimeric iridoid glucosides, named asperuloides A (1), B (2), and C (3), were isolated from Asperula maximowiczii, along with the known compound picconioside II. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods and by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1.